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Fe-N films containing the Fe16N2 phase were prepared in a high-vacuum system of ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD). The composition and structure of the films were analysed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Magnetic properties of the films were measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The phase composition of Fe-N films depend sensitively on the N/Fe atomic arrival ratio and the deposition temperature. An Fe16N2 film was deposited successfully on a GaAs (1 0 0) substrate by IBAD at a N/Fe atomic arrival ratio of 0.12. The gram-saturation magnetic moment of the Fe16N2 film obtained is 237 emu/g at room temperature, the possible cause has been analysed and discussed. Hysteresis loops of Fe16N2 have been measured, the coercive force H-c is about 120 Oe, which is much larger than the value for Fe, this means the Fe16N2 sample exhibits a large uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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景观格局优化理论、方法和技术的研究是景观生态学的一个热点问题,同时也是一个难点。本文以眠江上游典型研究区-杂谷脑流域为研究对象,利用遥感和GIS技术分析该流域从1974年到2000年景观格局的时空变化,并分析了对该流域生态安全存在威胁的主要因素;以空间模拟技术和线性规划为基础建模,从理论和方法上探讨景观格局优化配置问题,以期为该区域的农林复合景观系统的生态安全和可持续发展找出切实可行的格局优化模式;并提出生态敏感度概念,为景观管理优先级提供依据。本文的主要结论如下:(l)杂谷脑流域作为长江上游重要的森林资源输出地,从1974年到2000年景观变化得出,有林地面积减少13%;灌木林地面积增加37%;相应的水源涵养能力下降,土壤侵蚀量增加7.8%;(2)杂谷脑流域陡坡耕作严重,分布在20°-45°坡度上的耕地占耕地总面积的78.2%;干旱河谷分布范围扩大,面积从1974年的217.99km2增加到2000年的237.38kmZ对生态安全造成威胁;(3)产业结构以资源密集型产业和重污染工业为主,结构不合理,第一产业比例大,农民人均纯收入远低于同期全国平均水平,教育水平比较低,这些问题会对杂谷脑流域生态安全产生负向影响;(4)以减少土壤侵蚀为依据,通过空间建模和线性规划方法优化设计杂谷脑流域景观格局,优化结果显示土壤侵蚀量比2000年减少2.35*106吨/年,土壤保持能力与1974年相近,水源涵养能力增强;(5)景观管理对于区域安全必不可少,针对该流域现存问题,建议以提高科学技术水平,调整产业结构和资源利用方式,提高教育水平为突破口。

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