101 resultados para pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Two new polyacid derivative ligands of thienyl-substituted terpyridine analogues, N,N,N-1,N-1-[4'-(2"'-thienyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine-6,6"-diyl]bis(methylenenitrilo) tetrakis(acetic acid) (TTTA) and N,N,N-1,N-1-[2,6-bis(3'-amino-methyl-1'-pyrazolyl)-4-(2"-thienyl)pyridine] tetrakis(acetic acid) (BTTA), were synthesized, and the luminescence properties of their Eu3+ and Tb3+ chelates were investigated. The Eu3+ chelates of the two ligands are strongly luminescent having luminescence quantum yields of 0.150 (TTTA-Eu3+) and 0.114 (BTTA-Eu3+), and lifetimes of 1.284 ms (TTTA-Eu3+) and 1.352 ms (BTTA-Eu3+), whereas their Tb3+ chelates are weakly luminescent. The TTTA-Eu3+ chelate was used for streptavidin (SA) labeling, and the labeled SA was used for time-resolved fluoroirnmunoassay of insulin in human sera. The method gives the detection limits of 33 pg ml(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

针对氢/空气混合物,通过实验研究了其预混火焰在半开口管道中的火焰传播加速现象,结果表明,火焰传播状态随着氢气当量比的变化而发生改变。当氢/空气混合物被点燃后,由于障碍物的扰动,火焰在管道中不断加速传播,并最终到达一准稳态传播。在氢气当量比0.31附近时,火焰速度发生跃变。当氢气当量比足够大时,火焰传播由爆燃态转变为爆轰态。在本实验条件下,爆燃转准爆轰的临界条件是d/Lambda>=2.6(d是圆环形障碍物内径,人是爆轰格胞尺度)。障碍物阻塞比的变化对最大火焰速度和压力提升的影响不明显。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Based on similarity analyses, the flow-induced vibrations of a near-wall cylinder with 2 degrees of freedom are investigated experimentally by employing a hydroelastic apparatus in conjunction with a flume. The cylinder's vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and vortex shedding frequency were measured and analyzed. The effects of gap-to-diameter ratio (e,ID) upon the vibration responses are further investigated. The experimental results indicate that, when the reduced velocity (Vr) is small (e.g. Vr = 1.2 similar to 2.6), only streamwise vibration occurs, and its frequency is quite close to its natural frequency in still water. When increasing Vr (e.g. Vr > 3.4), both streamwise and transverse vibrations of the near-wall cylinder may occur. In the examined range of gap-to-diameter ratio (0.42 < e(0)/D < 2.68), 2 vibration stages (in terms of Vr) of streamwise vibrations usually exist: First Streamwise Vibration (FSV) and Second Streamwise Vibration (SSV). In the SSV stage, the vortex shedding frequency may either undergo a jump to that of the streamwise vibration, or stay consistent with that of the transverse vibration. The amplitudes of transverse vibration are usually much larger than those of streamwise vibration for the same value of e(0)/D. The maximum amplitudes of both streamwise and transverse vibration get larger with the increase of e(0)/D (0.42 < e(0)/D < 2.68).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> (一)引言近代,随着大型飞行器的出现,飞行雷诺数大大提高;C-141飞机事件的出现更使跨声速下雷诺数效应问题成为设计先进飞机和导弹的主要问题.人们迫切需要寻找一种能实现高雷诺数的试验设备.七十年代初期,美国和北大西洋公约组织都成立了专门小组从事这项研究.从雷诺数的定义Re=ρul/μ知道,提高雷诺数有三个途径:增加模型尺度l;提高气体密

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> 一、引言旋转力学系统包括各类陀螺仪、机械转子和各类飞行器(火箭,卫星和行星际站)等.另外,各种天体都普遍作着多种多样的旋转运动,例如地球、行星的自转和绕太阳的公转,恒星和星系的旋转,这些都属于旋转力学系统的研究范畴.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> 人所共知,呼吸过程对于人类有着生死攸关的意义,当某人失去生命时,人们会以“停止了呼吸”来形容。多少年来,生理学家、解剖学家及医学家们都曾从医学角度对肺功能及呼吸的意义作过许多深入的观察与研究,了解到呼吸过程的不少生理学规律。但是我们也看到,对于这样一个极为重要的生命活动现象,真正从生物流体力学角度进行精密地定量研究,还仅仅是最近一、二十年的事,而在我国则更是刚刚开始,有许多工作还等待着有志于此的力学工作者去开拓。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

结构动力设计的目标是要在一定的约束条件下使其动力响应达最小,为此,必须对它进行模态分析,本文通过近年来的工作论述了几种有效的降低结构动力响应的措施,论述了用大型通用有限元程序对其进行复模态分析的方法,给出了通过有限元计算与实验模态分析并用附加减震措施对结构局部修改以降低其动力响应的实例。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正> 大功率 CO_2激光器被广泛地应用于金属材料加工,但一般金属材料对波长10.6微米的 CO_2激光在常温下反射率很高,使激光功率的利用率很低.所以在激光热处理时,金属表面需要进行涂层处理,以增加表面对激光的吸收率.影响金属材料对激光的吸收机理目前尚不十分清楚。但是现象和经验表明,材料的导电性起着很大的作用.金属是很好的导体。各种金属内部都存在着大量的自由电子。由于集肤效应,自由电子

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

文献[1]论证了锗窗的干涉效应是造成CO_2激光器输出不稳定的重要因素。为了消除干涉效应的影响,改善激光输出的稳定性,文本提供了某些具体措施。实践证明,这些措施确实有效。多年来人们一直在探求影响CO_2激光器输出稳定性的各种因素[2]~[6]。但是错窗本身的干涉效应却一直未予以重视。文献[1]曾论证过它是造成激光器输出不稳定的重要因素。实践表明,不消除干涉效应的影响,就不能根本解决功率的波动。高稳定输出的激光器,除了在其它方面作了努力外,实际上也是消除了干涉效应影响的结果。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

<正>把CO_2激光器连续输出功率约70瓦的激光束,经焦距138毫米反射镜聚焦于靶材上,功率密度约3×10~4瓦/厘米~2;利用平晶错位干涉仪观察靶前蒸气羽的现象,平晶楔角为6″及20″;用高速摄影机连拍蒸气

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A discrete slip model which characterizes the inhomogeneity of material properties in ductile single crystals is proposed in this paper. Based on this model rate-dependent finite element investigations are carried out which consider the finite deformation, finite rotation, latent hardening effect and elastic anisotropy. The calculation clearly exhibits the process from microscopic inhomogeneous and localized deformation to necking and the formation of LSBS and reveals several important features of shear localization. For example, the inhomogeneous deformation is influenced by the imperfections and initial non-uniformities of material properties. The inhomogeneous deformation may either induce necking which results in the lattice rotation and leads to geometrical softening, which in turn promotes the formation of CSBS, or induces heavily localized deformation. The microscopic localized deformation eventually develops into the LSBS and results in a failure. These results are in close agreement with experiment. Our calculations also find that the slip lines on the specimen's surface at necking become curved and also find that if the necking occurs before the formation of LSBS, this band must be misoriented from the operative slip systems. In this case, the formation of LSBS must involve non-crystallographic effects. These can also be indirectly confirmed by experiment. All these suggest that our present discrete slip model offers a correct description of the inhomogeneous deformation characterization in ductile crystals.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

数值模拟了二维平面激波从抛物面上反射在可燃气体中聚焦的过程,研究了形成爆轰波的点火特性,对理想化学当量比氢气/空气混合气体,在初始压强20kPa的条件下,马赫数2.6-2.8的激波聚焦能产生两个点火区:第1个点火区是反射激波会聚引起的,第2个点火区是由入射激波在抛物面上发生马赫反射引起的.这种条件下流场中会出现爆燃转爆轰,起爆点分别分布在管道壁面、抛物反射面和第2点火区附近.起爆机理分别为激波管道壁面反射、点火诱导激波的抛物面反射和点火诱导的激波与第2点火区产生的爆燃波的相互作用,不同的点火和起爆过程导致了不同的流场波系结构,同时影响了爆轰波传播的波动力学过程.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

针对氢/空气混合物,通过实验研究了其预混火焰在半开口管道中的火焰传播加速现象。结果表明,火焰传播状态随着氢气当量比的变化而发生改变。当氢/空气混合物被点燃后,由于障碍物的扰动,火焰在管道中不断加速传播,并最终到一准稳态传播。在氢气当量比0.34附近时,火焰速度发生跃变。当氢气当量比足够大时,火焰传播由爆燃态转变为爆轰态。在本实验条件下,爆燃转准爆轰的临界条件是d/λ ≥ 2.6(d是圆环形障碍物内径,λ是爆轰格胞尺度)。障碍物阻塞比的变化对最大火焰速度和压力提升的影响不明显。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The flow-induced vibration of a cylinder with two degrees of freedom near a rigid wall under the action of steady flow is investigated experimentally. The vibration amplitude and frequency of the cylinder and the vortex shedding frequency at the wake flow region of the cylinder are measured. The influence of gap-to-diameter ratio upon the amplitude response is analyzed. The experimental results indicate that when the reduced velocity (Vr) is in the range of 1.2 < Vr < 2.6, only streamwise vibration with small amplitude occurs, whose frequency is quite close to its natural frequency in the still water. When the reduced velocity Vr > 3.4, both the streamwise and transverse vibrations of the cylinder occur. In this range, the amplitudes of transverse vibration are much larger than those of streamwise vibrations, and the amplitudes of the streamwise vibration also get larger than those at the range of 1.2 < Vr < 2.6. At the range of Vr > 3.4, the frequency of streamwise vibration undergoes a jump at certain values of Vr, at which the streamwise vibrating frequency is twice as much as the transverse one. However, when the streamwise vibration does not experience a jump, its frequency is the same as that of the transverse vibration. The maximum values of second streamwise and transverse vibration amplitudes increase with increasing gap-to-diameter ratios.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

    本书系统地介绍了微/纳米力学测试技术中最常用的压入和划入技术及其典型应用。全书共分13章。测试技术方面,内容涉及接触力学、测试原理、方法、校准、仪器、力学参量、影响因素。典型应用方面,内容涉及在表面工程、微机电系统、生物、高聚物和金属玻璃等领域内的微/纳米力学行为的测试。本书可供力学、材料、物理、电子、机械、生物和化学等领域的研究人员、工程技术人员以及大专院校相关专业的师生参考。

目录

前言

第1章 绪论

1.1硬度的定义和分类

1.2纳米压入和划入技术的发展

1.3纳米压入和划入技术的特点

参考文献

第2章 压入接触力学

2.1弹性接触

2.1.1 Soeddon解

2.1.2锥形压针

2.1.3球形压针

2.1.4圆柱压针

2.2弹塑性接触

2.2.1塑性发生

2.2.2完全塑性

2.2.3材料响应

参考文献

第3章 纳米压入测试原理

3.1压入硬度和模量

3.2连续刚度测量

3.3载荷一深度数据确定的材料参数

3.3.1马氏硬度

3.3.2压入蠕变

3.3.3压入松弛

3.3.4压入弹性功和塑性功

参考文献

第4章 纳米压入测试方法

4.1压针类型

4.1.1玻氏压针

4.1.2立方角压针

4.1.3维氏压针

4.1.4努氏压针

4.1.5圆锥压针

4.1.6球形压针

4.1.7圆柱压针

4.1.8楔形压针

4.1.9考虑因素

4.2测试环节

4.2.1样品准备

4.2.2环境控制

4.2.3间距选择

4.2.4表面探测

4.2.5驱动方式

4.2.6测试步骤

4.2.7测试报告

参考文献

第5章 纳米压入的确认和校准

5.1直接确认和校准

5.2间接校准

5.3测试和校准的实例

参考文献

第6章 纳米压入和划入的测量仪器

6.1仪器技术指标的定义

6.2美国Mrs公司

6.3美国Hysitmn公司

6.4瑞士CSM公司

6.5英国MML公司

6.6澳大利亚CSIRO公司

6.7测量仪器的发展趋势

参考文献

第7章 力学参量的测量

7.1压入方式

7.1.1硬度和模量

7.1.2断裂韧度

7.1.3蠕变和粘弹行为

7.1.4压入应力??应变曲线

7.1.5加卸载曲线涉及的

部分现象

7.2划人方式

7.2.1块体材料

7.2.2薄膜材料

7.2.3粗糙度

7.3弯曲方式

7.3.1微悬臂梁静载弯曲

7.3.2微桥静载弯曲

7.3.3微结构疲劳

7.4吸引方式

7.5声发射测试

7.6温度测试

参考文献.

第8章 影响纳米压入测试的因素

8.1测试仪器的影响

8.1.1压针缺陷

8.1.2测试方法

8.1.3接触零点的确定

8.1.4载荷和位移的分辨力

8.2样品的表面状态和性质

8.2.1表面吸湿

8.2.2表面粗糙度

8.2.3残余应力

8.2.4凹陷和凸起变形

8.3纳米压入和划入测试所面临的问题

参考文献

第9章 在表面工程中的应用

9.1金属材料表面激光强化的力学表征

9.2硬质膜的力学和摩擦学性能评估

9.2.1显微硬度测试

9.2.2纳米压人测试

9.2.3纳米划入测试

9.2.4膜材的影响

参考文献

第10章 在微机电系统中的应用

10.1薄膜测试

10.1.1典型薄膜材料的硬度和模量

10.1.2薄膜疲劳

10.1.3淀积工艺对二氧化硅薄膜力学性质的影响

10.2微结构弯曲

10.2.1微结构的静态弯曲

10.2.2微结构的动态弯曲

参考文献

第11章 在生物及其相关材料中的应用

11.1人工林杉木管胞细胞壁

11.2人体腰椎骨

11.3存储液对人体牙齿微力学性能的影响

参考文献

第12章 在高聚物中的应用

12.1PMMA单轴拉伸和弯曲力学行为

12.2划入测试的理论分析

12.3韧性行为的描述

12.4脆性行为的描述

12.4.1温度效应

12.4.2应变率效应

参考文献

第13章 在金属玻璃中的应用

13.1硬度和屈服应力的关系

13.2不连续的塑性变形

13.3压痕形貌和微结构变化

13.4应变率效应

13.5钕基金属玻璃的变形行为

参考文献

附录 常见问题的回答

1测试数量

2压入间距

3压入深度

4泊松比的选择

5典型材料的参数

6断裂韧度测试压针的选择

7纳米薄膜的测试

8典型材料的压入变形行为

9显微硬度和纳米压入硬度的关系

10压入影响区及其边界效应

10.1压入影响区的有限元模拟

10.2边界距离影响的有限元模拟

10.3压人间距影响的测试

参考文献