Phylogenetic relationships among two species of golden monkey and three species of leaf monkey inferred from rDNA variation

Restriction maps of rDNA repeats of five species of Colobinae and three outgroup taxa, Hylobates leucogenys, Macaca mulatta, and Macaca irus, were constructed using 15 restriction endonucleases and cloned 18S and 28S rRNA gene probes. The site variation between Rhinopithecus roxellana and Rhinopithecus bieti is comparable to that between Presbytis francoisi and Presbytis phayrei, implying that R. bieti is a valid species rather than a subspecies of R. roxellana. Phylogenetic analysis on the 47 informative sites supports the case for Rhinopithecus being an independent genus and closely related to Presbytis. Furthermore, branch lengths of the tree seem to support the hypothesis that the leaf monkeys share some ancestral traits as well as some automorphic characters.

人、黑猩猩和叶猴FKN全基因的克隆及体外表达的比较研究

下载PDF阅读器目的:克隆人、黑猩猩和叶猴FKN全基因及体外表达,比较研究FKN在进化过程中基因组水平和蛋白表达水平的差异.方法:应用基因重叠延伸拼接PCR法(Gene splicing by overlapping extension PCR,SOE-PCR)将FKN的3个外显子编码序列依次进行前后拼接,然后插入pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)A真核表达载体中,经酶切、测序鉴定后转染CHO细胞体外表达,RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测其表达产物.结果:酶切、测序鉴定证实插入的基因片段为完整的FKN,RT-PCR可从转染的CHO细胞中扩增出一条与目的基因大小一致的DNA片段,其表达蛋白能分泌至胞外,SDS-PAGE显示其分子量约为95 000,抗c-myc抗体可与载体上的c-myc蛋白特异性结合.测序显示人、黑猩猩和叶猴相比,FKN基因除了有散在的点突变外,还发现有一明显的30 bp的缺失,但此缺失对FKN蛋白的表达并不影响.结论:成功克隆人、黑猩猩和叶猴FKN全基因,基因组水平和蛋白表达水平的比较研究为后续探讨FKN在高级灵长类物种进化过程中免疫学功能的演变奠定基础.

A phylogeny of Chinese leaf monkeys using mitochondrial ND3-ND4 gene sequences

The phylogeny of Chinese leaf monkeys, especially the snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus), has not been thoroughly investigated using molecular sequence data, perhaps due to their rarity in the wild and their poor representation in institutional collections. Despite several proposed classifications, systematic relationships of these species remain poorly defined and this has hindered their conservation. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the leaf monkey clade in China, we sequenced the mitochondrial ND3, ND4L, ND4, tRNA(Arg), tRNA(His), tRNA(Ser), and tRNA(Leu) genes for Rhinopithecus bieti, R. roxellana, Trachypithecus francoisi, T. f. leucocephalus, and T. phayrei as well as Pygathrix nemaeus and Colobus guereza. We included a rotal of 2252 characters for each individual, excluding gaps in primary sequences. Our interpretation of the results from character- and distance-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that (1) Pygathrix nemaeus is sister to Rhinopithecus rather than to Trachypithecus though it is quite divergent from the former; (2) the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus bieti, represents a valid species; (3) the white-headed leaf monkey is not a distinct species, but instead is a subspecies of Trachypithecus francoisi (T. f. leucocephalus), though it should still be considered a separate evolutionarily significant unit (ESU); and (4) because two individuals of the Phayrei's leaf monkey, T. phayrei, are genetically distinct from one another, a more extensive revision of the taxonomy of this putative species in China is needed. These results, plus ongoing work on the molecular systematics of the entire Asian leaf monkey radiation, can provide a sound basis for identifying the appropriate units of conservation for this endangered group of primates.