北黄海表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其对沉积环境的指示

本文基于北黄海1140个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析结果，来探讨沉积物粒度组成、分布特征与物源和水动力环境的关系。结果表明，研究区底质类型主要有泥、粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂五种类型，少数站位含有砾石。砾石则主要分布在长山列岛附近海域、大连湾口及其东南近海；砂主要分布在123.3°E以东的海域和长山列岛附近海域；粉砂主要分布在研究区的西南部和大连湾外海；粘土的含量较低，含量大于30%的区域仅分布在研究区的西南部，大于16%的区域有向北和东北延伸的趋势，在大连湾至广鹿岛近海沉积物粘土含量也大于16%。 根据对沉积物粒度各粒级的因子分析结果,结合沉积物的Folk分类和Pejrup分类,将北黄海划分成五个主要沉积环境分区，分别受山东半岛沿岸流、黄海暖流、强潮流场、长山列岛和辽东沿岸流控制。北黄海中西部沉积物主要受山东半岛沿岸流影响，经过本区的黄海暖流限制了山东半岛沿岸流携带的细粒物质向东和向北的扩散和运移，研究区东部沉积作用的主控因素是潮流，长山列岛中部海域受附近岛屿剥蚀物影响，大连湾外海受辽东半岛沿岸流控制。研究区西南部细粒沉积物的粒度分布具有不均匀性和南北不对称性，其形成主要受控于山东半岛沿岸流和黄海暖流及其相互作用，潮流可能也起一定作用。

Photosynthesis-irradiance response at physiological level: A mechanistic model

A mechanistic model is developed to present the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to irradiance at the physiological level. The model is operated on photosynthetic units (PSU), and each PSU is assumed to have two states: reactive and activated. Light absorption that drives a reactive PSU into the activated state results from the effective absorption of the PSU. Transitions between the two states are asymmetrical in rate. A PSU in the reactive state becomes activated much faster than it recovers from the activated state to the reactive one. The turnover time for an activated PSU to transit into the reactive one is defined by the turnover time of the electron transport chain. The present model yields a photosynthesis-irradiance curve (PE-curve) in a hyperbola, which is described by three physiological parameters: effective cross-section (sigma (PSII)), turnover time of electron transport chain (tau) and number of PSUs (N). The PE-curve has an initial slope of sigma (PSII) x N, a half-saturated irradiance of 1/(sigma (PSII)), and a maximal photosynthetic rate of Nlc at the saturated irradiance. The PE-curve from the present model is comparable to the empirical function based on the target theory described by the Poisson distribution. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

三维蛇形机器人巡视者Ⅱ的开发

蛇形机器人具有比传统移动机器人更强的运动能力,为实现机器人的三维运动而开发的蛇形机器人巡视者II是一个具有强驱动力和高机动性的三维蛇形机器人。它由具有3自由度的模块化单元组成,该单元具有俯仰、偏航和回转3自由度,单元的俯仰和偏航运动是通过由3个伞齿轮组成的差速机构耦合驱动。该单元的圆柱形外壳周围安装有一系列的被动轮来增加机器人运动灵活性。对蛇形机器人模块单元的自由度作了详细分析,并基于机器人的运动机动性设计三维蛇形机器人的单元结构。给出蛇形机器人的控制系统结构,并对耦合变量进行解耦。将蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动和扭转运动两种基本步伐应用到巡视者II上,试验结果证明了该三维蛇形机器人具有很强的机动性和运动能力。

基于天际线识别的无人机实时姿态角估计

以无人机天际线识别为背景,提出了一种准确、实时的天际线识别算法,并由此估计姿态角。在结合实际情况的基础上,对天际线建立能量泛函模型,利用变分原理推出相应偏微分方程。在实际应用中出于对实时性的考虑,引入直线约束对该模型进行简化,然后利用由粗到精的思想识别天际线。首先,对图像预处理并垂直剖分,然后利用简化的水平直线模型对天际线进行粗识别,通过拟合获得天际线粗识别结果,最后在基于梯度和区域混合开曲线模型约束下精确识别天际线,并由此估计无人机滚动和俯仰姿态角。实验结果表明,该算法对天际线识别具有较好的鲁棒性、准确性和实时性。

蛇形机器人的翻滚运动及其越障研究

提出了一种新型蛇形机器人机构。该机构既可以实现平面运动又可以实现空间运动。建立了其空间运动学模型并实现了空间翻滚运动。实验结果表明 :翻滚运动不需依靠模块与地面之间动摩擦力方向差来实现驱动 ,而是通过模块与地面之间静摩擦力和互相垂直的两个运动平面内异相波的相互作用产生驱动力。翻滚的方向和姿态由两个波形曲线的相差和传播方向决定。利用翻滚运动 ,实现了少模块数蛇形机器人的越障运动

蛇形机器人侧向运动的研究

本文提出了一种新型蛇形机器人机构 ,建立了其空间运动学模型 ,实现了蛇形机器人的两种侧向运动 :侧向蜿蜒运动和侧向滚动 ,前者通过调节两个异相波的频率比 ,实现了任意方向的侧向运动 .后者通过控制运动波的幅值变化 ,实现了各种形式的纯侧向移动 ,当幅值足够大时 ,这种侧向滚动可以跨越障碍

冷轧薄板厂CIMS环境下经营决策系统

本文针对冷轧机薄板生产线的生产特点 ,以鞍钢冷轧机薄板厂为具体背景 ,讨论了CIMS环境下三种为同生产驱动方式的优化经营决策方法 .(1)订单方式驱动 ;(2 )市场预测方式驱动 ;(3)订单和市场预测混合方式驱动 .对于企业的冷轧厂来说 ,非常有实用价值 .

冷轧生产线机组作业计划过程中的投料混合比算法

为了实现冷轧生产线的均衡生产,提出了机组排产作业计划过程中的投料混合比算法。在该算法中,首先根据各道工序机组的生产能力、产品类型、故障和生产过程中的随机干扰等,计算在生产计划期内依概率平均的最佳缓冲区库存量,该库存量能够使机组实现均衡生产;其次,在现有在制库存条件下,考虑生产机组的生产能力和生产的产品类型,提出了本工序机组负荷平衡的机组排产作业计划在线生成方法;最后,结合上述两种方法,利用程序迭代搜索方式求解,既保证本道工序机组负荷平衡,也保证下道工序最佳库存的优化投料混合比,保证了冷轧生产线均衡生产的可行性。

冷轧MES机组作业计划过程中的任务分配法

基于鞍钢新轧集团股份有限公司冷轧薄板厂MES工程的实际情况,介绍了机组排产作业计划过程中的任务分配方法。该方法以机组与生产任务的最佳匹配、机组的负荷平衡为性能指标,采用了实时最小负荷分配规则,科学地解决了冷轧生产线CIMS环境下机组排产作业计划的在线生成问题,实现了生产线上的生产路径优化控制,从而提高了生产质量和设备利用率。

鞍钢冷轧厂制造执行系统研究

鞍钢新轧钢股份有限公司冷轧厂制造执行系统(MES)覆盖了从接收用户合同到产品发货的整个生产经营活动。接收用户合同后,系统自动生成优化的主生产计划、要料计划和机组作业计划,在生产过程中,系统对生产状况进行全面跟踪,对出现的异常情况进行合理调度,并且,冷轧MES与上游厂、公司ERP、过程控制系统和厂级管理系统连成一体,协同工作。该软件在实际应用中取得了令人满意的效果。

细粒沉积物多组分粒度特征及其成因机制研究

By using high-resolution laser grain size instrument Mastersizer 2000, the grain size distribution of windblown depositions (loess and sandy dunes), aqueous sediments (lake, river, riverside and foreshore sand), weathering crust, sloping materials and other fine-grain sediments are systemically measured. The multimodal characteristics of grain size distribution of these sediments are carefully studied. The standard patterns and their grain size characteristics of various sediments are systemically summarized. The discrepancies of multimodal distribution among windblown depositions, aqueous sediments and other sediments are concluded and the physical mechanisms of grain size multimodal distribution of various sediments are also discussed in this paper. The major conclusions are followed: 1. The multimodal characteristic of grain size distribution is a common feature in all sediments and results from properties of transportation medium, dynamic intensity, transportation manner and other factors. 2. The windblown depositions are controlled by aerodynamic forcing, resulting in that the median size of the predominant mode gradually decreases form sandy dunes to loess. Similarly, the aqueous sediments are impacted by dynamic forces of water currents and the median grain size of the predominant mode decreases gradually from river to lake sediments. Because the kinetic viscidity of air is lower than of water, the grain size of modes of windblown depositions is usually finer than that of corresponding modes of aqueous sediments. Typical characteristics of sediments grain size distribution of various sediments have been summarized in the paper: (1) Suspended particles which diameters are less than 75μm are dominant in loess and dust. There are three modes in loess’ grain size distribution: fine, median and coarse (the median size is <1μm、1-10μm、10-75μm, respectively). The coarse mode which percentage is larger than that of others is controlled by source distance and aerodynamic intensity of dust source areas. Some samples also have a saltation mode which median size is about 300-500μm. Our analysis demonstrates that the interaction of wind, atmospheric turbulence, and dust grain gravity along the dust transportation path results in a multimodal grain size distribution for suspended dust. Changes in the median sizes of the coarse and medium modes are related to variation in aerodynamic forcing (lift force related to vertical wind and turbulence) during dust entrainment in the source area and turbulence intensity in the depositional area. (2) There is a predominant coarse saltation mode in grain size distribution of sandy dunes, which median size is about 100-300μm and the content is larger than that of other modes. The grain size distribution curve is near axis symmetric as a standard logarithm normal function. There are some suspended particles in some samples of sandy dunes, which distribution of the fine part is similar to that of loess. Comparing with sandy samples of river sediments, the sorting property of sandy dunes is better than of river samples although both they are the saltation mode. Thus, the sorting property is a criterion to distinguish dune sands and river sands. (3) There are 5~6 modes (median size are <1μm, 1-10μm, 10-70μm, 70-150μm, 150-400μm, >400μm respectively) in grain size distribution of lacustrine sediments. The former 4 modes are suspensive and others are saltated. Lacustrine sediments can be divided into three types: lake shore facies, transitional facies and central lake facies. The grain size distributions of the three facies are distinctly different and, at the same time, the transition among three modes is also clear. In all these modes, the third mode is a criteria to identify the windblown deposition in the watershed. In lake shore sediments, suspended particles are dominant, a saltation mode sometimes occurs and the fourth mode is the most important mode. In the transitional facies, the percentage of the fourth mode decreases and that of the second mode increases from lake shore to central lake. In the central lake facies, the second mode is dominant. A higher content of the second mode indicates its position more close to the central lake. (4) The grain size distribution of river sediments is the most complex. It consist of suspension, saltation and rolling modes. In most situations, the percentage of the saltation mode is larger than that of other modes. The percentage of suspension modes of river sediments is more than of sandy dunes. The grain size distribution of river sediments indicates dynamic strength of river currents. If the fourth mode is dominant, the dynamic forcing of river is weaker, such as in river floodplain. If the five or sixth mode is dominant, the water dynamic forcing of rivers is strong. (5) Sediments can be changed by later forcing in different degree to form some complicated deposition types. In the paper, the grain size distribution of aqueous sediments of windblown deposition, windblown sediments of aqueous deposition, weathering crust and slope materials are discussed and analyzed. 3. The grain size distribution characteristics of different sediments are concluded: (1) Modal difference: Usually there are suspended and saltation modes in the windblown deposition. The third mode is dominant in loess dust and the fifth mode is predominant in sandy dunes. There are suspended, saltation and rolling particles in aqueous sediments. In lacustrine sediments, the second and fourth mode are predominant for central lake facies or lake shore facies, respectively. In river sediments, the fourth, or fifth, or sixth mode is predominant. Suspended modes: the grain size of suspended particles of windblown depositions usually is less than 75μm. The content of suspended particles is lower or none in sandy dunes. However, suspended particles of aqueous sediments may reach 150μm. Difference in grain size of suspended modes represents difference between transitional mediums and the strength of dynamic forcing. Saltation modes: the median size of saltation mode of sandy dunes fluctuates less than that of river sediments. (2) Loess dust and lacustrine sediment: Their suspended particles are clearly different. There is an obvious pit between the second and the third modes in grain size distribution of lacustrine sediments. The phenomenon doesn’t occur in loess dust. In lacustrine sediments, the second mode can be a dominant mode, such as central lake facies, and contents of the second and the third modes change reversely. However, the percentage of the third mode is always the highest in loess dust. (3) Dune Sand and fluvial sand: In these two depositions, the saltation particles are dominant and the median sizes of their saltation modes overlay in distribution range. The fifth mode of dune sand fluctuates is sorted better than that of fluvial sand. (4) Lacustrine and fluvial sediments: In lacustrine sediments, there are 5-6 modes and suspended particles can be predominant. The second mode is dominant in central lake facies and the third mode is dominant in lake shore facies. Saltation or roll modes occurred in central lake facies may indicate strong precipitation events. In fluvial sediments, saltation particles (or rolling particles) usually dominant. 4. A estimation model of lake depth is firstly established by using contents of the second, the third and the fourth modes. 5. The paleoenvironmental history of the eastern part of SongLiao basin is also discussed by analyzing the grain size distribution of Yushu loess-like sediments in Jilin. It was found that there is a tectonic movement before 40ka B.P. in SongLiao basin. After the movement, loess dust deposited in Yushu area as keerqin desert developed. In recent 2000 years, the climate became drier and more deserts activated in the eastern part of Song-Liao basin.

复杂断块油气藏成藏机理和剩余油预测

Complex fault block reservoir is very important type in chinese oilfield.The reservoir have for many years and it has been the important issue of oil-gas exploration and development in china that how to increase reserves and production. Therefore,taking the Pucheng-oil field as an example, the article intensive study the geologic feature of oil pool, correctly recognize the rule of oil-gas accumulation and based on the fine representation of the characteristic of reservoir, research the remaining oil in high developed area,which is important for progressive exploratioon and development and taping the remaining oil. The article multipurpose uses the data of geology,drilling,wellloging, analysis and assay and so on, under the guidance multi-disciplinary theory, intensify the comprehension of the geologic feature of oil pool in high developed oil field. Based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework ,the article points out that Es_2 upper 2+3 reservoir in the south area of Pucheng oilfield is in the depositional environment of Terminal Fan, which has constant supply of sedimentary source ,and build the sedimentation model. Studies have shown that the major reservoir in work area is the distributary channel sandbody in central Sub-facies of Terminal Fan，secondary is both lateral accretion sandbodies of channel sands，nearby and far away from the channel overflowing sandbodies in front of the fan. The article analyze the effect of depth of burial of the reservoir, sandstone structure, strata pressure and bioturbate structure on control action of physical property for reservoir and indicate that deposition and diagenesis are major controlling factors.By building the model of reservoir heterogeneity, the article show the magnitude of reservoir heterogeneity ,the genesis and identification mark of Interlayer and build the the model of interlayer. in this area the vertical distribution of interlayer is complicated,but the intraed interlayer distribute steady. Thick interlayer is steady and the thin is relatively spreaded. By building models of fault sealing,stress field and fluid potential field of the south of the pucheng oil field, the regular pattern of fluid migration and accumulation runs out. By researching the elements of oil accumulation, migration pathway and accumulation period with quantification and semiquantitative methods,we bulit the oil-gas reservoir-forming mode of the south of the pucheng oil field,which will be the foundation of the rolling exploratory development in the future. We promulgated the master control element and the rule of distribution of the remaining oil with the upside 2+3 oil layer in shaer in the south of the pucheng oil field as an example.In this area, the formation and the distribution of the remaining oil is controled by the sedimentary microfacies, reservoir heterogeneity,fault and reservoir engineering. The remaining oil is concentrated in the vicinity of the gas cap, updip of the fault block and the area with incomplete flooding. Remaining oil saturation in some area can get 50%, so there are many places in which we can enhance oil recovery.

中国华北和美国加州地区地震层析成像研究

In recent years seismic tomography has become a powerful tool for studying the three-dimensional crust and mantle structure. In this study, we collected a large number of regional and teleseismic travel-time data and used seismic tomography method to study the relationship between earthquake occurrence and crustal heterogeneity for the 1992 Landers earthquake, heterogeneity and evolution of lithosphere under North China Craton and Southern California, and deep structure and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast China. Our results show a correlation between the seismic rupture zone and crustal heterogeneity. The distribution of the Landers aftershocks is cluster-like and separated or terminated in areas where low-velocity anomalies exist．Most of the large earthquakes with magnitudes >4.0 occurred in or around areas with high P-wave velocity．The possibility is that high-velocity areas are brittle and strong parts which can sustain seismogenic stress，and so can generate earthquakes. Our tomographic images show a very heterogeneous structure in the crust and upper mantle beneath Southern California. Three major anomalies in the upper mantle are revealed clearly beneath the southern Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges and Salton Trough. We consider that the high-velocity anomaly beneath the Transverse Ranges was formed through asymmetrical two-side convergence of subcrustal lithosphere and sinking to asthenosphere. Formation of the dense crust root and “drip structure” caused the high-velocity anomaly under the southern Sierra Nevada. The Salton Trough low is the response to the lithospheric extension when the Pacific plate was rifted away from the North American Plate. The tomograpic images beneath the North China Craton show that there exist different lithospheric structures under the different blocks. Complex, prominent low-velocity and high-velocity anomalies are imaged beneath the North China Basin, Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO), and Ordos Block which correspond to rifted, orogenic and cratonic lithospheres, respectively. The thickness of the three-type lithospheres is about 70, 90 and >250 km, respectively. Our results suggest that lithospheric thinning under the eastern part of North China Craton is due to long-term replacement and chemical and thermal erosion of the ancient lithosphere by the hot asthenosphere. The remains of ancient lithosphere exist either in the present upper mantle or have sunk into the mantle transition zone. Our tomographic result of the Changbai volcanic area suggests that the origin of the Changbai volcano is related to the deep dehydration of the subducted Pacific slab and corner flow in the big mantle wedge (BMW) above the stagnant Pacific slab.

磁层－电离层电流的暴时变化以及主磁场对空间环境的影响

Two problems are studied in this thesis, the relationship of the magneto-spheric - ionospheric current systems during storms, and the effects of the main field to the space environment. The thesis includes three parts. 1. Magnetic disturbances caused by magnetospheric - ionospheric current systems Transient variations of the geomagnetic field at middle-low latitudes are mainly caused by the ionospheric dynamo current (IDC), the symmetric ring current (SRC), the partial ring current-region II field-aligned current-ionospheric current system (PRFI), and the region I field-aligned current-ionospheric current system (FACI). The storm on May 1 ～ 6, 1998 is analyzed. Firstly, the S_q-field caused by IDC current is removed by using the modified Hibberd's method in which the effect of SRC is considered. The neglect of SRC-field can give as much as 40% error in S_q-field evaluation. Secondly, the disturbance fields at the middle and low latitudes are separated according to their origins. As a result, the disturbance caused by FACI-current is an important part of the asymmetrical depression of H-component in middle and low latitudes during storms. The results show that the relative intensity of the Sq-field increases in the main phase of the storm and decreases in the recovery phase. The latitudinal gradient of the Sq-field is positive during the whole storm. The storm of May 1 ～ 6, 1998 contains two events. In the first event on May 2, the SRC-field is similar to Dst index. But in the second event on May 4 ～ 5, the SRC-field delays to Dst index, and the SRC-field depresses while the PRFI- and FACI-fields recovery. 2. Analysis of S_q~p variation in CGM coordinates In order to study the conjugation of geomagnetic variations between northern and southern hemispheres, we use the corrected geomagnetic coordinates (CGM) instead of the geomagnetic coordinates (GM) to analyze the S_q~P equivalent current system. The CGM coordinates are built up by International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model. The S_q~p variations and equivalent current systems in the northern and southern polar regions are more symmetrical in CGM coordinates than in GM co-ordinates. This fact implies that the current distributions in polar regions are governed by the configuration of the geomagnetic field lines. As the elaborate structure of S_q~p current system in quiet time is obtained, we summarize the seasonal variation of the electrojet in quiet time. 3. The magnetospheric configuration of non-parallel-dipole model The magnetospheric configurations are calculated for two possible geomag-netic field models during the geomagnetic field reversals. These models are the dipole field with the axis to the sun and the quadrupole field model. We use the finite element method to solve the magnetic equation, and use the surface evolution method to solve the equilibrium equation. The results show that the main field greatly affects the space environment.

复杂断块油藏形成机制及剩余油预测

The central uplift in the Huimin depression is famous for its large amounts of faults and small-scale fault-block area, and it is the famed typical complicated fault-block group oil & gas field in the whole world. After many years of rolling exploration and exploitation, many complex oil &gas field have been discovered in the central uplift, and won the splendent fruit. With the gradual deepening and development of the rolling exploitation, the exploration faces more and more difficulties. Therefore, it is important to reveal the forming mechanism and distributing rule of the complex fault-block reservoir, and to realize the forecast of the complex fault-block reservoir, sequentially, expedite the exploration step. This article applies the new multi-subject theory, method and technique such as structure geometry, kinematics, dynamics, structural stress field, fluid potential field, well logging record and constrained inversion of seismic records, coherence analysis, the seal mold and seal history of oil-bounded fault etc, and try to reveal the forming mechanism and distributing law of the complex fault-block reservoir, in result, implements the forecast of the fault-block reservoir and the remaining oil distributing. In order to do so, this article synthetically carries out structural estimate, reservoir estimate, fault sealing history estimate, oil-bearing properties estimate and residual. This article also synthetically researches, describes and forecast the complex fault-block in Huimin depression by use of the techniques, e.g. seismetic data post-stack processing technique, multi-component demarcating technique, elaborate description technique for the fault-block structure, technique of layer forecasting, fault sealing analysis technique, comprehensive estimate technique of fault-block, comprehensive analysis and estimate technique of remaining oil etc. The activities of the faults varies dramatically in the Huimin depression, and most of the second-class and the third-class faults are contemporaneous faults, which control the macroscopical distribution of the reservoir in the Huimin depression. The fourth-class faults cause the complication between the oil & gas among the fault-blocks. The multi-period strong activities of the Linyi fracture resulted in the vertical migration of large amount of oil & gas along with the faults. This is the main reason for the long vertical distribution properties near the Linyi fracture in the Huimin depression. The sealing ability of the fault is controlled by the property,size and direction of the main stress, the contact relationship of the both sides of the fault, the shale polluting factor, and the configuration relationship between the fault move period and the migration period of oil & gas. The article suggest four fault-sealing modes in the research zone for the first time, which establishes the foundation for the further forecast of the complex fault-block reservoir. Numerical simulation of the structural stress field reveals the distribution law and the evolvement progress of the three-period stress field from the end of the Dongying period to the Guantao period to nowadays. This article puts forward that the Linyi and Shanghe regions are the low value of the maximum main stress data. This is combined with the fault sealing history estimate, then multi-forming-reservoir in the central uplift is put forward. In the Shanghe oilfield, the article establishes six reservoir geological modes and three remaining oil distributing modes(the plane, the inside layer and the interlayer), then puts forward six increase production measure to enhance the remaining oil recovery ratio. Inducting the exploitation of oilfield, it wins notable economic effects and social effects.