Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Porphyra haitanesis

Three sulfated polysaccharide fractions (F1, F2, and F3) were isolated from Porphyra haitanesis, an important economic alga in China, through anion-exchange column chromatography and their in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated in this study. Galactose was the main sugar unit of the three fractions. The analytical results indicated that polysaccharide fractions from P. haitanesis had similar chemical components to porphyran from other species, but differed in their high sulfate content. The sulfate content of F1, F2 and F3 was 17.4%, 20.5% and 33.5% respectively. All three polysaccharide fractions showed antioxidant activities. They had strong scavenging effect on superoxide radical, and much weaker effect on hydroxyl free radical. Lipid peroxide in rat liver microsome was significantly inhibited, and H2O2 induced hemolysis of rat erythrocyte was partly inhibited by F1, F2 and F3. Among them, F3 showed strongest scavenging effect on superoxide radical; F2 had strongest effect on hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide.

Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica

Fucoidan, a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharide, was extracted from Laminaria japonica, an important economic alga species in China. Three sulfated polysaccharide fractions (F1, F2, and F3) were successfully isolated through anion-exchange column chromatography and had their antioxidant activities investigated employing various established in vitro systems, including superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, chelating ability, and reducing power. Chemical analysis suggested that F1 and F3 were heteropolysaccharide in which galactose was the major component, while F2 was a typical fucoidan. All fractions possessed considerable antioxidant activity, and F1, F2 and F3 had stronger antioxidant ability than fucoidan in certain tests. The correlation between the sulfate content and scavenging superoxide radical ability was positive. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that the ratio of sulfate content/fucose was an effective indicator to antioxidant activity of the samples. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

围栏条件下母体社群应激对根田鼠子代免疫力的影响

为探讨自然条件下母体社群应激对根田鼠子代免疫力的影响,在野外围栏建立高密度和低密度根田鼠种群,将围栏出生的F1代幼体在室内饲养至性成熟后,测定其血清抗匙孔血蓝蛋白抗体的IgG水平、血液学参数和脾脏指数,以及种群建群者的血浆皮质酮含量。结果表明,高密度种群建群者的皮质酮含量高于低密度种群建群者。子代个体的各类血细胞的数量无差异。高密度种群子代的IgG含量低于低密度种群的子代,但脾脏指数高于后者。上述不同免疫参数结果相互印证说明,高密度种群引起的母体社群应激对子代免疫力有抑制作用。此外,本文探讨了母体应激效应的概念和生态学意义及其在种群调节中的作用。

兰州核不育小麦不育基因的遗传研究

利用石蜡切片显微观察、雄性不育基因遗传分析和缺体定位等方法．对兰州核不育小麦不育基因进行了遗传研究，以明确该不育基因的遗传学特性。显微观察发现，兰州核不育小麦不育系257A的不育花药各壁层组织在不同发育时期没有明显的结构发育异常现象，但不育花药的绒毡层及中层组织有延迟解体的趋势。257A与中国春等小麦品种的杂交F1结实率、F2和F1BC1代育性分离比率调查结果表明，该突变体材料不育性是受一对隐性核基因控制．不育性遗传稳定，不受小麦品种细胞质以及光、温等生态因子变化的影响。缺体分析将不育基因定位在4B染色体上。

硬粒小麦-节节麦人工合成种HMW-GS组成及1.5＋10亚基的遗传分析

对CIMMYT的99份硬粒小麦-节节麦人工合成种（简称合成种）的HMW-GS组成分析发现，Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点的变异类型比普通小麦丰富，分别有9种和12种亚基类型；筛选出含有比5＋10亚基更优质的1．5＋10和5＋12亚基的合成种分别有8份和1份；含有优质亚基1．5＋10的合成种与普通小麦杂交结实正常；对2个合成种与2个普通小麦品种的8个止反交组合F1种子电泳发现，优质亚基1．5＋10在F1代能正常表达，双亲所有亚基任F1代都得到表达，表现共显性遗传。本研究为优质亚基1．5＋10和5＋12转育到普通小麦中奠定了基础。

气候变暖对高寒草甸气候生产潜力的影响

利用多年定位测定的草地生产力资料及同步气象因素观测数据, 建立现实状况下光、温、水影响草地气候生产潜力模型: 　　Y= F1 (Q ) ·F2 (T ) ·F3 (P) 　　 = K ∑[(-b·exp (a+ b∑t/∑tmax) )/(1+ exp (a+ b∑t/∑tmax) )2 ] 0　　　　　　　　　　　T < 0℃ ·[W 0/∑tmax ]·△∑t· Tö2 0·016658　　　0℃≤T< 20℃ 1　　　　　　　　　　　T ≥20℃ 在分析现实高寒草旬气候生产力分布与环境条件关系的同时, 根据该模型模拟计算未来气温升高2℃和4℃, 降水增加10% 和20% 状况下的气候生产力情景。在上述两种气候情景下, 未来草地生产力分别出现降低(10% ) 和升高(1% ) 的两种可能。气候变暖在一定程度上减少和缓和低温对高寒草甸牧草生长的不利影响, 但地表及植被的蒸散量的加大远比降水增加的快, 水分则成为牧草生长的限制因素。

激光拼焊生产线定位误差分析及其控制

对激光拼焊生产线板材定位精度进行了分析与研究。详细介绍了该系统定位装置的组成及定位原理。通过对板材自身直线度误差、定位销定位误差和对中运动误差的分析,建立了激光拼焊生产线板材定位误差模型。根据系统定位机构特点提出了过盈量作用机制来提高定位精度,通过对前后侧压紧力F1、F2以及过盈量I这3个主要参数的优化,在全自动激光拼焊生产线上实现良好的板材定位精度。对比试验验证了采用过盈量作用机制能有效减小板材定位误差,提高焊接质量。

塔里木盆地塔中—巴楚地区早二叠世岩浆岩地球化学特征及其成因

Tazhong-Bachu region is located in the Western Tarim basin.The early Permian magmatic rocks occur in the earth surface of Tazhong-Bachu region are mainly distributed in Kepintag,Mazhartag and Wajilitag region. There are a lot of wells, in which researchers found the early Permian magmatic rocks,in desert cover area.Most magmatic rocks are basic rocks, a few of which are ultrabasic rocks and intermediate-acid magmatic rocks.The ultrabasic rocks are are mainly occur in the Cryptoexplosive Breccia Pipes ,which is located in the volcanic complex body of Wajilitag region.The basic rocks can be divided into three rock types：The first type of the magmatic rocks in Tazhong-Bachu region is volcanic rock ,which occurs in the Lower Permian Kupukuziman Formation and Kaipaizileike Formation. Most Volcanic rocks are basalts,a few of which are volcanic breccias and pyroclastic rocks.The basalts are distributed in stratiform occurrences and interbeded the clastic rocks in Kepintag region.The attitudes of the basalts are nearly horizontal.Columnar Joints, gas pore textures and amygdaloidal structure are to develop in basalts.The second type of the magmatic rocks in Tazhong-Bachu region is diabase,which occurs in Mazhartag region.Diabase dike swarms occur in the stratums of Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Lower Permian.They make from NNW direction to SSE direction, the obliquity of stratum is greater than 60°, and the dike thickness is form several cm to several meters. Diabasic texture is found in the rocks .The first type of the magmatic rocks in Tazhong-Bachu region are gabbro- pyroxenite rocks ,which occur in the Wajilitag igneous complex body. The intermediate-acid magmatic rocks, which are mainly syenites, are located in Mazhartag and Wajiltag region. But they are small in the whole Tazhong-Bachu region.There are intermediate-acid magmatic rocks,which are mainly dacite,in the northeast part of the wells in Tazhong-Bachu region.But ,it is not found in earth surface.Through systematical geochemical research of early Permian magmatic rocks,which are distributed in Kepintag,Mazhartag, Wajilitag region and the wells such as F1 well、Z1 well、Z13 well、TZ18 well、H3 well、H4 well et al., the focus on the geochronologic characteristics, the main element,trace element and REE geochemistry, the mineralogic characteristics, the Sr-Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics are put forward. The main points are: 1、A combined study of CL imaging and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating were carried out for zircon grains of the magmatic rocks in the Tazhong-Bachu region from the Tarim basin.The results of the systematic zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating reveal 272±6Ma to 291±10Ma for the magamatic rocks. It indicated that Early Permian is an important period of magmatic acvivity in the Tazhong-Bachu region. 2、There are a big hunch in the curves of primitive mantle-normalized trace element concentrations in the early Permian magmatic rocks from Kepintag, Mazhartag, Wajilitag region and the 14 wells. Light rare earth elements are comparatively rich and heavy rare earth elements are comparatively poor. The slope rates are same between light rare erath elements and heavy rare earth elements. It is not like the curves of the basalts in the convergent margin of plate , in which the slope rates of light rare erath elements is bigger than the alope rates of heavy rare erath elements, and the curves of heavy rare earth elements are comparatively flat. The magmatic rocks of Tazhong-Bachu region rarely have the characteristics of the basalts in the convergent margin of plate, which is that Tantalum, Niobium and Titanium are much poor, and Zirconium, Hafnium and Phosphorus are moderately poor. The magamatic rocks are mostly alkaline, which is indicated by the dots of the (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2 identification diagram. All of these indicate that the early Permian magmatic rocks were formed in an extension environment of intraplate. 3、The Thorium abundance is high and Tantalum abundance is low in most magmatic rocks from Tazhong-Bachu reguion, which is formed for crustal contamination.In the Th/Yb-Ta/Yb identification diagram，most dots are in the region, which means active continental margin, but a few dots are in the region, which means mantle source. It indicated the feeding of continental crust materials. 4、The magnesium content of the olvines from Wagilitag region is richest, and the olvines from Kepintag region is poorest in the tree region. 5、Through the the Sr-Nd and Pb isotopic study of the basalts and diabases from the F1 well core, Z1 well core, Z13 well core,TZ18 well core, and the basalts，gabbros, diabases(diabase-prophyrites) and pl-peridotites from Kepintag,Mazhartag, Wajilitag region , it indicated that all isotopic data is similar and close to enriched mantle.

太阳耀斑和日食期间电离层行为的统计和模拟研究

The ionosphere is the ionized component of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Solar EUV radiation is the source of ionospheric ionization. Thus the ionosphere is affected strongly by the variations in solar radiation. Solar flares and solar eclipses can induce remarkable short time changes in solar radiation: the solar radiation would increase suddenly during solar flares and decrease significantly during solar eclipses. Solar flare and eclipse events not only affect directly the photochemical processes, but also affect the dynamic processes, and even affect the neutral atmosphere, which is strongly coupled with the ionosphere. The study on the ionospheric response to solar flares and eclipses can advance our knowledge on the ionosphere and its photochemical and dynamic processes and help us to evaluate the ionospheric parameters (such as ion loss coefficients). In addition, the study on the ionospheric responses to solar flares and eclipses is an important part of the ionospheric space weather, which can provide guides for space weather monitoring. This thesis devotes to the study on the ionospheric responses to solar flares and solar eclipses. I have developed two models to simulate the variations of solar EUV radiation during solar flares and solar eclipses, and involved in developing a 2D mid- and low-latitude ionospheric model. On the basis of some observed data and the ionospheric model, I study the temporal and spatial variations of the ionosphere during solar flares and eclipses, and investigate the influences of solar activity, solar zenith angle, neutral gas density, and magnetic dip angle on the ionospheric responses to solar flares and solar eclipses. The main points of my works and results are summarized as follows. 1. The ionospheric response to the X17.2 solar flare on October 28, 2003 was modeled via using a one-dimension theoretical ionospheric model. The simulated variation of TEC is in accordance with the observations, though there are some differences in the amplitude of the variation. Then I carried out a series of simulations to explore the local time and seasonal dependences of the ionospheric responses to solar flares. These calculations show that the ionospheric responses are largely related with the solar zenith angle (SZA). During the daytime (small SZA), most of the increases in electron density occur at altitudes below 300 km with a peak at around 115 km; whereas around sunrise and sunset (SZA>90°), the strongest ionospheric responses occur at much higher altitudes. The TEC increases slower at sunrise than at sunset, which is caused by the difference in the evolution of SZA at sunrise and sunset: SZA decreases with time at sunrise and increase with time at sunset. The ionospheric response is largest in summer and smallest in winter, which is also related to the seasonal difference of SZA. 2. Based on the observations from the ionosondes in Europe and the ionospheric model, I investigated the differences of the ionosphere responses to solar eclipses between the E-layer and F1-layer. Both the observation and simulation show that the decrease in foF1 due to the solar eclipses is larger than that in foE. This effect is due to that the F1 region locates at the transition height between the atomic ion layer and the molecular ion layer. With the revised model of solar radiation during solar flares, our model calculates the radiations from both the inside and outside of photosphere. Large discrepancy can be found between the observations and the calculations with an unrevised model, while the calculations with the revised model consist with the observations. 3. I also explore the effects of the F2-layer height, local time, solar cycle, and magnetic dip angle on the ionospheric responses to solar eclipses via using an ionospheric model and study on the solar zenith angle and the dip dependences by analyzing the data derived from 23 ionosonde stations during seven eclipse events. Both the measured and simulated results show that these factors have significant effect on the ionospheric response. The larger F2-layer height causes the smaller decrease in foF2, which is because that the electron density response decreases with height. The larger dip results in the smaller eclipse effect on the F2 layer, because the larger dip would cause the more diffusion from the top ionosphere which can make up for the plasma loss. The foF2 response is largest at midday and decreases with the increasing SZA. The foF2 response is larger at high solar activity than at low solar activity. The simulated results show that the local time and solar activity discrepancy of the eclipse effect mainly attribute to the difference of the background neutral gas density. 4. I carried out a statistical study on the latitudinal dependence of the ionospheric response to solar eclipses and modeled this latitudinal dependence by the ionospheric model. Both the observations and simulations show that the foF2 and TEC responses have the same latitudinal dependence: the eclipse effects on foF2 and TEC are smaller at low latitudes than at middle latitudes; at the middle latitudes (>40°), the eclipse effect decreases with increasing latitude. In addition, the simulated results show the change in electron temperature at the heights of above 300 km of low latitudes is much smaller than that at the same heights of middle latitudes. This is due to the smaller decrease in photoelectron production rate at its conjugate low heights. 5. By analyzing the observed data during the October 3, 2005 solar eclipse, I find some significant disturbances in the conjugate region of the eclipse region, including a decrease in Te, an increase in foF2 and TEC, and an uprising in hmF2. I also simulated the ionosphere behavior during this eclipse using a mid-low latitude ionospheric model. The simulations reproduce the measured ionospheric disturbances mentioned above in the conjugated hemisphere. The simulations show that the great loss of arriving photoelectron heat from the eclipse region is the principal driving source for the disturbances in the conjugate hemisphere.

岩浆－热液过渡阶段体系中不相容元素地球化学行为及其机制－以新疆阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉研究为例

伟晶岩形成和演化中岩浆-热液过渡阶段物理化学性质、过铝质富挥发分岩浆体系岩浆液相不混溶、流体相出溶事件的相对时间尺度以及在岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系中稀土和其它微量元素地球化学行为(稀土“四重效应”机制和微量元素分异及控制因素等)是目前过铝质岩浆体系研究的焦点问题。对上述问题的研究和探讨，将有助于了解伟晶岩形成和演化的全过程，有助于了解挥发分(H_20、F、B、P)对过铝质岩浆体系物理性质以及对REE和其它微量元素地球化学行为影响，这对于理解过铝质岩浆体系成岩、成矿作用过程具有重大的理论和实际意义。本论文选择著名的新疆阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉为研究对象，由于它具有完美的分带特征，使我们有可能通过各结构带矿物学、地球化学的研究揭示伟晶岩成因和演化过程以及讨论岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系中的稀土和微量元素地球化学行为。由于LCT型伟晶岩具有明显的分带性、矿物颗粒大小不均匀性等特点，因此利用全岩样品研究伟晶岩往往因取样没有代表性而被大多数岩石学家和地球化学家所否定。考虑到这点，本文系统采集阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各结构带磷灰石、电气石、碱性长石、石英矿物，部分结构带的石榴石、绿柱石、锂辉石矿物以及伟晶岩冷凝边和蚀变围岩的全岩样品，通过各结构带磷灰石矿物化学组成和~(87)Sr／~(86)Sr比值测定，电气石矿物的化学组成和硼同位素组成分析，碱性长石中磷含量的电子探针分析和碱性长石-石英矿物对的氧同位素体系研究以及蚀变围岩和冷凝边的化学组成分析，本文较为详尽系统地探讨以上所有的问题。通过本次多年的研究，我们获得了以下几点新的认识：f1) 富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的样品存在稀土“四重效应”和Y-Ho、Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta、Sr-Eu元素对的显著分异，表明在过铝质岩浆演化过程中含氟流体相起着重要的作用；目前，稀土“四重效应”机制被认为是含水流体相与过铝质岩浆熔体相互作用的结果(Irber 1999；Bau 1997)，而不是独居石、磷钇矿、石榴石矿物等矿物的早期结晶引起的残余熔体稀土含量的异常变化。由于阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各带磷灰石以及与其共生的石榴石、绿柱石、碱性长石、锂辉石矿物均存存明显的稀土“四重效应”以及相同电价、相似离子半径的不相容元素间存在显著的分异，并结合最近赵振华等(1999)和Sba and Chappell(1999)报道S型花岗岩全岩和单矿物(磷灰石、独居石、长石、黄玉等)均存在稀土“四重效应”这一现象，本文研究提出，稀土“四重效应”是富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的一个基本特征，其机制既不可能由含稀土的副矿物早期结晶引起残余熔体相中REE含量变化的结果，也不能定性地归因于流体相与熔体相相互作用过程中稀土元素在流体／熔体之间分异的结果，而很可能与伟晶岩岩浆形成之前某些过程密切相关，S型花岗岩岩浆在液相线以上存在硅酸盐熔体与高盐熔体(或卤水相)的不混溶液相分离有可能是过铝质岩浆体系产生稀土“四重效应”的主要原因。(2) 由于Sr~(2+)与Eu~(2+)具有相同的电价、相似的离子半径，根据经典的地球化学原理，它们具有相似的地球化学行为，在各种地质过程中其它们具有紧密的一致性。阿尔泰3号伟晶岩磷灰石中Sr／Eu比值具有二歧变化现象，其中I、Il、III和IV带磷灰石具有低的Sr／Eu比值(16:0～111.2)，而V、VI、VII带、核部带和IV带中的一个磷灰石则显示较大的Sr／Eu比值(主要在246．6～514:9范围，其中IV带的一个磷灰石该比值在10000以上)。对世界范围内的过铝质花岗岩统计表明，过铝质岩浆岩的全岩样品中的Sr／Eu也呈现二歧变化，由此本文提出Sr／Eu比值是指示过铝质岩浆体系中岩浆流体相出溶的有效地球化学参数，大于300的Sr／Eu比值是Eu~(2+)强烈分配进入流体相的地球化学标志。(3) 阿尔泰3号伟晶岩I、II、III带电气石矿物的硼同位素组成(δ~(11)B)分布在-41.11‰～-30.90‰之间，V、VI、VII带电气石矿物硼同位素组成(δ~(11)B)在-15.23‰～-9.20‰范围，IV带电气石硼同位素分布于-39.19～13.10‰范围，如此大的硼同位素分馏无法根据实验研究获得的熔体／流体相间的分馏系数进行合理解释。我们的研究表明岩浆成因电气石的B同位素组成与电气石化学组成具相关性，随电气石Y位上AI、Li阳离子数的增大，δ~(11)B值显示明显增大的趋势。阿尔泰3号伟晶岩最初形成的结构带中电气石的B同位素组成是目前所发现的最低值之一(-41.1l～39.01‰)，指示形成伟晶岩脉的初始岩浆可能由含非海相蒸发岩的泥质岩经变质深熔作用形成，或是伟晶岩岩浆在上侵定位过程中同化了含非海相蒸发岩地层的结果。本次研究利用电气石-白云母和电气石-四硼酸盐矿物间的同位索分馏以及熔体相-流体相间的同位索分馏，合理解释了阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉电气石B同位素分馏过程，并首次获得伟晶岩形成、演化过程中B同位素组成演化的全程图谱。(4)伟晶岩岩浆形成和演化过程是否存在由过磷引起的液相不混溶现象未见确凿的岩石学和实验地球化学证据。阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉糖粒状钠长石带(II带)明显由两种不同组构的岩性组成，而且该带是3号脉主要的Be矿化带，也是P、REE最重要的沉淀场所。阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉梳状结构带和I带的碱性长石具较高P含量(平均值分别为0.42 wt％和0.22 wt％)，随着岩浆的演化进行，从III带到核部带，碱性长石中P含量逐渐增大(平均值由0.21 wt％增至0.50 wt％)，而II带碱性长石中异常低的P含量(平均值为0.08、wt％)是该带大量磷灰石矿物饱和结晶，导致残余熔体相中P极度亏损所造成的，而不是晚期出溶的岩浆热液交代形成的。根据Watson (1978)、Ryerson and Hess(1980)在液相线以上温度下实验研究获得的微量元素在不混溶的基性和酸性液相中分配特征，以及Webster et a1．(1997）对德国Ehrenfriedersdorf矿区伟晶岩石英中熔体包裹体的研究成果，我们推断在富磷岩浆体系中，在其演化的早期将出现由磷引起的液相不混溶作用，它对伟晶岩成岩和Be的成矿具有重大的影响。

渔塘坝黑色富硒岩石中硒的赋存状态及其对局域环境的效应研究

选取世界上迄今唯一发生过人群硒中毒爆发性流行的地区一中国湖北省恩施市双河乡渔塘坝为研究对象，利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜与电子探针等微束分析技术和连续化学浸提技术，系统地研究了渔塘坝北部出露的黑色富硒岩石中硒的赋存状态和各结合态中硒的分布：使用柱式和混合流式淋滤装置，在不同淋滤原液pH值的条件下，初步研究了黑色富硒岩石中硒的淋滤行为和淋滤过程中的pH变化；在全面了解渔塘坝岩石、土壤、水系和植物硒分布的基础上，对渔塘坝硒的局域环境效应进行了初步的研究。通过上述研究，得出了以下几点发现和认识：1．在渔塘坝废弃的“石煤堆”和富硒的碳质硅质岩段，首次发现了多形态、多成因的自然硒。按照自然硒的成因分类，主要是“石煤”自燃型、风化型和构造热活动型。按照自然硒的赋存条件和产出环境，可分为五种类型：①产于废弃“石煤堆”近地表的自然硒矿物晶体;②与石英或碳质共生的微发状、针状硒晶体；③产于高碳质泥岩中的微针状硒晶体；④由富硒岩石、含硒矿物的风化或硒晶体再风化形成的硒晶体；⑤碳质硅质岩中的元素硒微粒和微生物形态的自然硒或硒化物。岩石中元素态硒的提取也表明富硒岩石中有元素硒的存在。元素硒在富硒岩石中除直接赋存于硅质介质外(如碳质硅质岩中的元素硒微粒)，另一种是以纳米级超微矿物包体的形式存在，如千酪根中的元素硒微粒。2．在渔塘坝碳质硅质岩段，已发现硒铜蓝、方硒铜矿、硒银矿、含硒黄铁矿和罕见的水硒铁石等硒的独立矿物和含硒矿物。从已有的硒矿物组合和地球化学热力学资料分析，推测渔塘坝黑色富硒岩层中应当有诸如硒铅矿等其它硒矿物和亚硒酸盐的存在。岩石中与生物有关的硒或硒化物还有待进一步的研究。3．渔塘坝黑色富硒岩石中的硒主要以有机结合态(F2：20％)和残渣态(F5：59％)的形式存在，其次是硫化物与硒化物结合态硒(F4：13%)、元素态硒(F3：4％)和可利用态硒(F1：4％)。硒的F1、F2、F3和F4结合态间彼此都存在显著的正相关关系。以线性方程中斜率值_(F1-F3)=0.363>S_(F1-F4)=0.180>_(F1-F2)=0.120来代表各结合态间硒的转化关系，可以得知元素态硒易于向可利用态硒转化，其次是硫化物或硒化物的结合态硒，而有机结合态硒的转化则相对比较困难。相关系数R_(F2-F3)=0.6999>R_(F3-F4)=0.5877表明元素硒倾向与有机质结合，而不易形成硒化物。4.岩石中四种结合态F1、．F2、F3和F4中的硒含量；及其总和与岩石总硒间存在显著的正相关关系(=0.969，p<0.0001，n=19)，这说明岩石总硒对硒在各结合态中的分布起着控制作用。但新鲜岩石中可利用态硒的极低和风化岩石中可利用态硒的特高分布，表明风化岩石中的硒是影响局域生态环境的主要因素。岩石的风化程度和硒的赋存状态或结合方式对浸提剂的提取效率有一定的影响，浸提剂提取效率的高低在一定程度上可以作为鉴别硅质岩石新鲜与风化程度的判据。5．柱式和混合流式淋滤实验研究的结果表明，随着液固比的增大和淋滤时间的延长，淋出液中硒含量变化的总体趋势是降低的。不同岩石类型淋出液中的硒含量存在差别。岩石硒含量并不是影响淋出液中硒含量的唯一因素，硒的赋存状态、环境的pH、Eh条件、岩石类别、性质及其矿物组成对淋出液中的硒含量也存在影响。就岩石类别来讲，硒的淋出量是碳质硅质岩大于高碳质硅质岩，含碳硅岩最差。6．淋滤原液的pH值对硒的淋出量有显著影响，硒淋出量的排列顺序是pH=2.0>pH=6.5>pH=4.0。淋出液pH值的变化主要取决于岩石中碳酸盐和黄铁矿的含量之比。柱式和混合流式的简单模拟实验研究表明，对于近中性的淋滤原液(pH=6.1～6.5)，在无氧和有氧的淋滤条件下，碳酸盐呈现滞后于酸化反应的中和特性。对处于碳酸盐岩地区的渔塘坝而言，碳酸盐的中和作用在某种程度上比黄铁矿的酸化作用对pH的影响更加稳定、明显。7．对渔塘坝硒的局域环境效应的研究表明，渔塘坝北部的富硒岩石不仅为渔塘坝中的土壤和植物提供了硒的物质来源，而且是渔塘坝高硒区形成的直接因素。渔塘坝水硒(59.36±17.31μg／l)和居民饮用水硒含量(48μg/l)已达到风险水平，渔塘坝玉米硒含量(8.07±5.02m/kg)也已达到潜在毒性水平。就硒的环境效应来讲，渔塘坝依然是硒中毒可能发生的高风险区。当地居民的耕作和生活方式是导致硒在食物链中富集的主要因素。目前，渔塘坝硒中毒的高风险主要受玉米硒(主食硒)的控制。总之，本项研究中渔塘坝自然硒及其系列硒化物的发现有重要意义。它不仅为硒的矿物学、矿床地球化学提供了新的认识和研究空间，而且为硒的环境地球化学及其对人体健康与生态效应的研究方面提供了良好的研究场所。渔塘坝中元素硒的普遍存在，不仅说明元素硒的形成过程是渔塘坝富硒岩石风化和各结合态硒间转化的关键环节，而且也是影响表生环境中岩石硒的释放、转化和地球化学迁移的重要因素。渔塘坝风化岩石中可利用态硒的特高分布，表明风化岩石中的硒是影响渔塘坝局域生态环境的主要因素。渔塘坝富硒岩石的风化过程可能是一种硒次生富集的地球化学过程，同时也是废弃“石煤”堆和岩层特定地段中发现特高硒样品的主要原因。硒在渔塘坝局部环境中高度富集的现象在理论上有重要价值，在环境与健康关系上值得重视，但以其作为资源开发的依据，则应持。慎重态度。因此，对当地政府部门来讲，妥善管理和保护恩施州内的高硒岩段和采挖“石煤”过程中产生的废弃堆积物是极其重要的。