99 resultados para Restriction hydrique
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螺旋藻 (Spirulina,或称节旋藻 Arthrospira) 是一类丝状不形成异型胞的蓝藻,常分布于湖泊、池塘和半咸水中。作为目前利用最广泛的经济微藻,螺旋藻的规模培养、生理生化以及分子遗传等都受到了广泛的关注。但由于缺乏足够的基因组信息,影响了螺旋藻的品种改良以及进一步的基因功能产品的开发。 本研究从挑取单藻丝开始,建立了钝顶螺旋藻 (Spirulina platensis) 的纯培养体系,并构建插入片段分别为1-2Kb和4-6Kb的基因组文库,利用鸟枪法进行全基因组测序,共得到具有8倍覆盖度的7.4Mb拼接后的基因组数据。在该草图中,预测有7795个开放读码框 (ORFs),其中包括长度小于120个氨基酸的ORFs和非全长ORFs。在所有蛋白编码序列中,约有39%的基因是螺旋藻特有的,此外,还有389个基因相对于其他蓝藻,与非蓝藻基因有着更高的相似性。通过Pfam结构域聚类分析发现,螺旋藻含有特有的结构域,如Peptidase_MA、DMT、OB、ATP-grasp、Flavokinase 等。 由于目前尚未有成熟的螺旋藻遗传转化系统,而其体内复杂的限制性内切酶系可能是妨碍外源基因顺利导入和整合的关键因素。在此草图的基础上,我们利用比较基因组学和分子进化的手段,深入分析了螺旋藻及其他蓝藻的限制修饰系统 (Restriction-modification system),为建立螺旋藻的遗传转化技术,并实现后续的螺旋藻基因功能验证模式奠定了基础。 螺旋藻及其他蓝藻的基因组计划提供了大量基因组序列和结构信息,有助于我们深入了解光合微生物基因的结构、功能和进化,以及环境因子或特定突变是如何塑造其基因组的。本文以藻胆蛋白为例,利用分子进化和群体遗传学理论,描绘出一幅藻胆蛋白进化的动态图景,并分析了环境 - 结构 - 功能之间的相互联系,为藻类捕光色素进化机制理论提供了科学依据。 本研究结果发现低光适应型原绿球藻和海洋聚球藻的藻红蛋白中正选择位点分布有着显著差异,提示二者的藻红蛋白基因有不同的进化模式;正选择作用位点多集中在藻胆蛋白的色基结合区域及XY发卡结构处,这些结构域主要与藻胆蛋白的光能捕获、能量传递和结构组装有关。该研究结果不仅揭示了正选择作用的重要性,而且提示光质、光强和能量传递压等可能是潜在的正选择压力。此外,又深入研究了高光和低光适应型两个生态群体的原绿球藻藻红蛋白基因系统发育、种内多态性和种间变异度,以此揭示环境因子对藻胆蛋白进化的影响。 本研究首次对螺旋藻全基因组进行测序,并以藻胆蛋白为例,从分子进化角度揭示其结构和功能的关系,并首次提出正选择压力可能是促使藻胆蛋白功能分化的主要原因,并认为原绿球藻中藻红蛋白的进化呈现出不同的模式,新的捕光色素的出现以及其所处的海洋环境可能使藻红蛋白获得了新的功能。
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Magnetotactic bacteria are a heterologous group of motile prokaryotes, ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. Here, we studied the diversity of magnetotactic bacteria in a seawater pond within an intertidal zone at Huiquan Bay in the China Sea. The pond is composed of a permanently submerged part and a low tide subregion. The magnetotactic bacteria collected from the permanently submerged part display diversity in morphology and taxonomy. In contrast, we found a virtually homogenous population of ovoid-coccoid magnetotactic bacteria in the low tide subregion of the pond. They were bilophotrichously flagellated and exhibited polar magnetotactic behaviour. Almost all cells contained two chains of magnetosomes composed of magnetite crystals. Intriguingly, the combination of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequencing of cloned 16S rDNA genes from the low tide subregion samples as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the presence of a homogenous population. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Qingdao Huiquan low tide magnetotactic bacteria belong to a new genus affiliated with the alpha-subclass of Proteobacteria. This finding suggests the adaptation of the magnetotactic bacterial population to the marine tide.
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Phylogenetic relationships of six species of Ochotona were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction-site analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed using PAUP was based on 62 phylogenetically informative sites with O. erythrotis designated as an outgroup. Two clades were evident. One contained O. curzoniae, O. huangensis, and O. thibetana. in the second, O. daurica was a sister taxon of O. cansus. The five species appear to come from different maternal lineages. The branching structure of the tree and sequence divergence confirm that huangensis and cansus are distinct species, and that mol-osa is a synonym of O. cansus rather than O. thibetana. Divergence time, estimated from genetic distances, indicates that the ancestors of the two maternal lineages diverged ca. 6.5 x 10(6) years ago. O. curzoniae diverged from O. huangensis, and O. daurica diverged from O. cansus, at about the same time (ca. 3.4 x 10(6) years ago). These data suggest a period of rapid radiation of the genus Ochotona in China, perhaps during the late Pliocene. These calculations correspond roughly to tectonic events and environmental changes in China throughout this period, and appear to be substantiated by the fossil record.
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本文将S/T曲线速度规划的思想引入全数字伺服驱动系统中,通过提高速度的平滑性,特别是高速启、制动状态,来提高伺服系统的整体控制性能。基于定点数字信号处理器DSP芯片对提出的算法进行了实现。由于定点运算的限制,算法在实现中需要进行特殊的处理,本文对此进行了研究,并提出了一种余码补偿方案。实验研究表明,使用本文提出的方法可以提高系统运行的平稳性和控制的精确度。
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分析超高压输电线路架空地线上的障碍物类型以及跨越这些障碍的过程。可以发现,巡检机器人采用双臂交替跨越障碍,越障过程简单。但是由于受巡检机器人自身重力偏矩的影响和手臂长度尺寸的限制,当单臂悬架在架空地线上时,导致巡检机器人本体倾斜,另一手臂完成脱线和上线任务变得十分困难,有时甚至造成越障失败。为了解决上述问题,提出质量调节的控制方法。该方法通过调节巡检机器人的质心,使巡检机器人的本体保持水平状态。为了验证质量调节控制方法的正确性,采用Lagrange方法建立巡检机器人动力学模型,通过仿真试验、实验室模拟实际架空地线试验以及超高压实际现场试验说明了提出方法的可行性。
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为了准确地捕捉机器人空间对接的传感器信息,从对接机构的设计入手,研究了空间对接中传感器的选择、改制和基于传感器信息的空间对接问题.考虑到安装空间的限制和处理的信息量太多,提出了利用二维位置敏感探测器(PSD)配合红外发光器阵列的方法完成机器人的空间对接.通过对位置敏感探测器工作原理的分析和对传感器特性的试验,提出了在PSD光敏面上增加光学装置的方法以扩大它的探测范围和精度,同时大大减小了它对光信号的依赖程度.把该方法应用于可重构模块化探测机器人系统中,提出了基于传感器信息的轨迹规划方法,对子机器人空间对接过程的仿真试验验证了轨迹规划和空间对接的可行性.
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提出了一种摩擦圆盘运动分解合成机构,理论分析表明这种运动分解合成机构具有非完整约束性,通过建立其运动学微分方程,对这种机构的运动变化和传递关系进行了计算机仿真分析,表明该运动传递机构具有可控性,这为该运动分解合成机构的应用奠定了基础。
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研制了一种有重力约束的三索控制的柔索吊床机构来模拟船体海面上的运动。为了解三柔索吊床机构的运动特性 ,对其进行了运动学建模与仿真。仿真结果表明 ,台面倾角在 0°~ 30 0°变化时 ,台面不碰撞立柱 ,且柔索伸缩长度与台面倾斜角度接近于线性变化。本文所做的工作对吊床平台避免撞击立柱、缩小吊床立柱布置空间、提高空间利用率 ,以及为吊床的运动控制提供了理论依据
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要测量出一组特征点分别在两个空间坐标系下的坐标 ,就可以求解两个空间目标间的位姿关系 .实现上述目标位姿测量方法的前提条件是要保证该组特征点在不同坐标系下 ,其位置关系相同 ,但计算误差的存在却破坏了这种固定的位置关系 .为此 ,提出了两种基于模型的三维视觉方法——基于模型的单目视觉和基于模型的双目视觉 ,前者从视觉计算的物理意义入手 ,通过简单的约束迭代求解实现模型约束 ;后者则将简单的约束最小二乘法和基于模型的单目视觉方法融合在一起来实现模型约束 .引入模型约束后 ,单目视觉方法可以达到很高的测量精度 .而基于模型的双目视觉较传统的无模型立体视觉方法位移精度提高有限 ,但姿态精度提高很多
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为了缩短深海载人潜器控制系统的开发周期,测试系统性能,根据载人潜器的自身特点,构建和实现了载人潜器所有传感器、执行器设备模拟,以及潜器在海底实景的运动状态的半物理虚拟仿真系统。首先,以仿真系统的硬件架构和数据流程为基础,重点介绍了潜器设备模拟的软件体系结构;其次,在仿真平台上测试了各种网络数据的传输延迟,分析了其整体性能;最后,得出了潜器控制器设计的时间约束。现阶段整个系统已经开发成功,并投入运行到潜器控制系统的安装调试中。
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海洋环境通常是不确定、非结构化和未知的 ,而远程AUV(LAUV)的避障声纳对环境感知有一定的局限 ,因此很难建立起精确、完整和统一的三维环境模型 .LAUV实时避障是一个实时性很强的动态过程 ,它不但与环境有关 ,而且还与LAUV的运动学约束、动力学特性和操纵性有关 .针对上述问题本文提出了一种基于复合控制的三维实时模糊避障方法
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从二维图像恢复物体的三维结构是计算视觉的一个重要研究方向。通过研究三视图之间的对极几何,提出了一种基于三线性关系的度量重建方法。不需要对相机的运动或者景物结构施加任何约束,使用直接重建方法,利用三焦点张量恢复场景的度量重构。仿真实验和真实图像实验表明,该度量重建方法具有很高的准确性和实用性。
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针对装配车间调度问题,提出了综合考虑生产中物料配送能力,车间存储物料能力以及装配工艺序列问题的多品种变批次的优化调度方法。主要是分两步解决:首先考虑不同类型产品的装配加工的顺序优化问题;然后,根据生产约束建立各类型产品的分批问题。最后,实现计划调度衔接,并应用于生产。该方法对于实际装配生产具有很强的可操作性。
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针对多品种批量生产类型,建立了调度约束的生产计划与调度集成优化模型。模型的目标函数是使总调整费用、库存费用及生产费用之和最小,约束函数包括库存平衡约束和生产能力约束,同时考虑了调度约束,即工序顺序约束和工件在单机上的加工能力约束,保证了计划可行性。该模型为两层混合整数规划模型,对其求解综合运用了遗传算法和启发式规则,提出了混合启发式求解算法。最后,针对某机床厂多品种批量生产类型车间进行了实例应用,对车间零件月份作业计划进行分解,得到各工段单元零件周作业计划,确定了零件各周生产批量与投产顺序。
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On the basis of analyzing the principle and realization of geo-steering drilling system, the key technologies and methods in it are systematically studied in this paper. In order to recognize lithology, distinguish stratum and track reservoirs, the techniques of MWD and data process about natural gamma, resistivity, inductive density and porosity are researched. The methods for pre-processing and standardizing MWD data and for converting geological data in directional and horizontal drilling are discussed, consequently the methods of data conversion between MD and TVD and those of formation description and adjacent well contrast are proposed. Researching the method of identifying sub-layer yields the techniques of single well explanation, multi-well evaluation and oil reservoir description. Using the extremum and variance clustering analysis realizes logging phase analysis and stratum subdivision and explanation, which provides a theoretical method and lays a technical basis for tracing oil reservoirs and achieving geo-steering drilling. Researching the technique for exploring the reservoir top with a holdup section provides a planning method of wellpath control scheme to trace oil and gas reservoir dynamically, which solves the problem of how to control well trajectory on condition that the layer’s TVD is uncertain. The control scheme and planning method of well path for meeting the demands of target hitting, soft landing and continuous steering respectively provide the technological guarantee to land safely and drill successfully for horizontal, extended-reach and multi-target wells. The integrative design and control technologies are researched based on geology, reservoir and drilling considering reservoir disclosing ratio as a primary index, and the methods for planning and control optimum wellpath under multi-target restriction, thus which lets the target wellpath lie the favorite position in oil reservoir during the process of geo-steering drilling. The BHA (bottomhole assembly) mechanical model is discussed using the finite element method, and the BHA design methods are given on the basis of mechanical analyses according to the shape of well trajectory and the characteristics of BHA’s structure and deformation. The methods for predicting the deflection rate of bent housing motors and designing their assemblies are proposed based on the principle of minimum potential energy, which can clearly show the relation between the BHA’s structure parameters and deflection rate, especially the key factors’ effect to the deflection rate. Moreover, the interaction model between bit and formation is discussed through the process of equivalent formation and equivalent bit considering the formation anisotropy and bit anisotropy on the basis of analyzing the influence factors of well trajectory. Accordingly, the inherence relationship among well trajectory, formation, bit and drilling direction is revealed, which lays the theory basis and technique for predicting and controlling well trajectory.