106 resultados para MON810 maize
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通过大田玉米试验,验证新型土壤改良剂对夏玉米生育期土壤水分、紧实度及玉米生理生长特性的影响。结果表明,施用改良剂PJG和PFL夏玉米全生育期平均株高、叶面积分别高于对照20.7%、19.75%和51.88%、72.37%;2种改良剂对干物质积累的影响存在差异,影响效果依次为茎干重>叶干重>根干重。夏玉米光合速率和叶绿素含量受土壤改良剂影响较大,PJG和PFL分别高于对照29.96%、24.48%和73.36%、68.53%。在0~10 cm土层内,施用PJG和PFL后土壤紧实度分别低于对照44.44%和42.91%。施用改良剂PJG后,0~20 cm土层土壤含水量维持在田间持水量的77.9%左右,未施用改良剂土壤,夏玉米生育期表层土壤含水量起伏变化较大。土壤改良剂PJG在夏玉米的施用效果略好于PFL。
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通过对夏玉米在露天和干旱棚控水2种土壤水分状况下生长状况的观测,发现秸秆覆盖夏玉米有明显增产效应,作物水分利用效率均得到了不同程度提高。通过对0、3000、6000、9000、12000 kg/hm2五种处理下玉米状况的对比,得出6000 kg/hm2为渭河平原地区最适宜夏玉米田秸秆覆盖量。在6000 kg/hm2覆盖量下,露天小区夏玉米可增产5.61%。试验证明,渭河平原地区秸秆覆盖夏玉米,增产潜力大,是一种值得推广的玉米增产措施。
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以典型半干旱区干湿砂质新成土(Ust-Sandic Entisols)为供试土壤进行田间试验,研究地膜覆盖、施氮及补充灌水量对春玉米(Zea maysL.)产量、土壤矿质氮(NO3--N和NH4+-N)及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,0—100 cm土体范围内,随着土层加深,播前和收获后土壤NO3--N含量呈降低趋势,NH4+-N有所增加,但变幅不大;总矿质氮量(NO3--N和NH4+-N)表现为下降。说明地膜覆盖和施氮并没有使NO3--N深层累积量增加,这可能与土壤本身供氮能力严重不足有关。与不施氮相比,施氮各处理氮肥表观损失量增加;与不覆膜相比,作物氮素累积量比不覆膜显著增加(P<0.05)。在低灌(80 mm)覆膜和高灌(160 mm)覆膜条件下,玉米的氮肥利用率均比不覆膜提高了18.8%,说明覆膜低灌在相同施氮条件下,可节约80 mm灌水。但低灌(80 mm)与高灌(160 mm)不覆膜间氮肥利用率差异不显著,表明在相同施氮条件下,覆膜可有效提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素损失。综合考虑子粒产量和氮肥利用率,"覆膜+补灌80 mm+施氮90 kg/hm2"可能为本试验条件下较优的栽培模式。
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叶片自由空间在环境与冠层养分交换间具有重要作用,是目前植物营养学研究的重要领域之一。通过盆栽试验,以不同株型夏玉米为试材,研究了不同施氮水平(N 0、0.15和0.30 g/kg)下玉米冠层叶片表观自由空间(AFS)的差异。结果表明,不同生育期叶片AFS差异极显著(P<0.01),表现为随生育期推进,叶片AFS、生物量和全氮含量均逐渐降低;除成熟期,其它各生育期品种与施氮水平对叶片AFS的影响均存在显著的交互作用。施氮对叶片生物量的影响不显著,但施氮后叶片全氮含量显著增加。不同施氮水平下,植株冠层叶片AFS也存在显著差异,中量施氮处理(即N 0.15 g/kg)植株叶片AFS值(9.49)明显高于不施氮处理(9.03),但随施氮量进一步增加,叶片AFS下降,施氮量为N 0.30 g/kg时,叶片AFS为8.62;不同施氮水平各生育期不同叶层间叶片AFS、生物量和全氮含量差异显著(P<0.05)。不同品种间叶片全氮含量和AFS存在显著差异(P<0.05),以紧凑型品种陕单902叶片AFS最大,平均为9.24,显著高于其它品种;中间型品种农大108与平展型品种陕单9号间差异不显著,二者平均分别为9.06和8.85...
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对大田不同水分处理条件下玉米杂交种及其亲本在经济产量形成期的根系活力及其衰退的杂种优势进行了研究,并分析了根系活力与叶片光合特性之间的关系。结果表明,水分亏缺显著降低了玉米的根系活力;充分供水和水分亏缺条件下,玉米杂交种根系活力都具有显著的杂种优势;杂交玉米种根系活力衰退速率具有显著的负优势,抽雄后灌水能够显著降低玉米根系活力衰退速率。杂交玉米种在抽雄期各水分处理下的光合速率显著大于亲本;玉米根系活力与光合速率之间具有显著的正相关关系,随着根系活力的增高,玉米光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均增高。因此,杂交种较高的抗旱性是根冠共同作用的结果。在玉米育种和栽培中,要充分地考虑到根系对地上部生理活性的影响。
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在离心机模拟不同水吸力条件下,研究了聚丙烯酸钠(sodium polyacrylate记作SP)5种使用浓度(占干土质量0,0.01%,0.08%,0.2%与1%)对3种土壤(砂土、壤土、黏土)持水能力的影响;采用大田试验研究了地表撒施2 g/m2SP对冬小麦与下季玉米产量及WUE影响。结果表明:3种土壤在0.01 MPa至1.5 MPa水吸力下的持水能力随着SP用量的增加而增加,砂土的作用效果较壤土、黏土更显著;3种土壤适宜浓度为0.08%~0.2%,最佳用量为0.2%,此用量条件下砂土、壤土、黏土的最大毛管持水量分别较对照增加了138.61%,7.22%,62.70%;不灌水条件下,SP处理较不施用SP冬小麦增产4%,WUE增加5.7%,灌浆期灌水28.5 mm条件下SP处理较不施用SP增产1%,WUE降低1%;SP处理的玉米产量较对照降低0.5%,WUE提高3%,效果明显低于对冬小麦效果。
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利用持续16年的长期田间试验与气象观测资料,对下辽河平原不同降水年景作物对施肥的增产反应及水分对肥料增产的促进作用、不同水肥条件下玉米对养分的吸收与分配以及玉米农田土壤养分收支进行了研究;并估算了该地区水肥交互作用对作物增产的贡献;同时,利用沈阳地区近50年气象与玉米单产历史资料,建立趋势—随机预测模型,以预测该地区不同气候年景玉米产量。 研究结果表明,该地区玉米蒸散耗水与其生育期内降水之间关系密切,且不同的施肥处理对玉米消耗水分量影响不大。过少或过多的降水均会降低玉米产量;在高肥力水平下平水年(降水400~550mm)玉米产量最高,水肥交互作用对作物增产的贡献亦达最大,可占总增产量的44.9%。 玉米体内养分浓度及养分在籽实与秸秆中的分配比例明显受施肥、降水及作物生长状况的影响。在平水年条件下,养分在籽实内累积的比例最高;同时,作物生长状况愈好,形成单位籽实产量所需养分量有减少的趋势,有利于提高作物体内养分的转化利用效率。 施肥条件差异可使玉米收获移出农田的养分量相差2~3倍。水分条件对养分移出量的作用不如施肥明显;N肥施用加剧了土壤P的赤字,而N、P肥施用可加剧土壤K收支赤字;水分条件的改善也会明显加快养分收支赤字过程。 通过对沈阳地区玉米单产与气象因子的分析,建立趋势—随机预测模型,发现热量因素对玉米产量形成有着重要作用;而养分均衡供给可提高玉米对不利气象条件的耐抗能力,具有稳产作用;同时,利用长期定位试验结果对模型加以验证,发现模型预测结果与长期定位试验结果非常吻合。
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本文对东北地区松辽平原不同纬度农田土壤碳氮磷剖面分布特征进行比较研究,从北到南依次采集了黑土区的海伦、哈尔滨、德惠、公主岭和棕壤区的昌图、沈阳、大石桥玉米地土壤样品。所得主要结论如下: 各样点土壤有机碳含量随土层深度的增加而下降。海伦、哈尔滨和公主岭样点40~60cm土层土壤有机碳含量及其储量显著低于0~40cm土层;海伦、哈尔滨、德惠、公主岭和昌图样点土壤水溶性有机碳表现出随深度增加先升高后降低,在沈阳和大石桥样点土壤水溶性有机碳表现出随深度而下降的趋势;各样点0~20cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量高于20~40cm土层。典型黑土区海伦点0~100cm的SOC储量为213.4t•hm-2, 棕壤区昌图、沈阳、大石桥样点分别为69.9、87.9和73.4t•hm-2,海伦点SOC储量是棕壤区三样点的3倍左右。 土壤全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮及氮储量随剖面深度增加而下降。德惠点在20~40cm土层、沈阳点在40~60cm土层、昌图点在60~80cm土层的全磷含量最低;其他样点土壤全磷、有机磷含量和磷储量总体上呈现随土层深度增加而下降的趋势。黑土区样点土壤有机磷含量在40cm以下各土层迅速下降,而棕壤区各样点20cm以下各土层差异不显著。除公主岭和大石桥点外, 其他各样点土壤Olsen-P含量在0~20cm 土层显著高于20~40cm土层。 土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有机磷含量随纬度增加而增加。营养元素在纬度上的分异主要受成土母质、气候条件等自然因素影响,施肥、耕作等人为活动对表层土壤营养元素分布的影响较大。除土壤水溶性有机碳外,土壤碳、氮和磷之间及其与其他基本理化性质间均存在显著的相关关系。
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乙草胺作为我国应用最多的三大除草剂之一,被广泛地应用于玉米、花生、大豆等农田中。作为外源有机污染物,乙草胺在施入土壤后,对作物构成一定的逆境胁迫。作物在逆境胁迫下,自身会发生相应的改变抵御迫害,其中根际、活性氧清除系统、除草剂的代谢酶等在作物抵御乙草胺等除草剂的迫害中起着十分重要的作用。 本文以我国重要的粮食作物-玉米作为供试作物,在田间实验条件下研究了低(田间用量)、中(田间用量的2倍)、高(田间用量的5倍)三个浓度乙草胺处理下,乙草胺在玉米根际和非根际环境中的残留特征,并探讨了玉米根际微生物和玉米超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、还原性谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶对乙草胺施用的响应特征。 研究表明:(1)乙草胺在土壤中的降解迅速,并且在根际的降解得到强化,随着乙草胺的施用浓度增加,其在土壤中的最终残留量增大。(2)由于根际效应的存在,根际微生物量、真菌和细菌数量都显著高于非根际土壤,且根际和非根际土壤、高浓度处理和低、中浓度处理土壤间微生物群落结构明显不同。乙草胺各处理对根际微生物量有先抑制后刺激的作用,对根际细菌尤为显著,抑制作用随乙草胺浓度的增加而加强。乙草胺对本体土壤的微生物量影响较复杂,高浓度对本体土壤微生物量主要表现为抑制作用,而低、中浓度则是抑制和刺激作用交替出现,低浓度乙草胺对非根际土壤微生物的抑制作用未达到显著水平。乙草胺对对非根际真菌的抑制程度大于根际真菌。虽然各处理的微生物量都能恢复到正常水平,但非根际的恢复比根际需要更长的时间。土壤中细菌和真菌对乙草胺响应存在非同步性,并且群落变化具有一定的补偿作用。(3)除草剂乙草胺对玉米过氧化物酶(POD)的活性影响较小,POD不能作为乙草胺污染的生物标记物;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对乙草胺的污染有一定的指示作用,但其对乙草胺的敏感性不如谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)高。低、中浓度乙草胺处理使玉米GST活性和GSH含量先升高后降低,高浓度抑制GST活性,降低GSH的含量。GST和GSH对乙草胺的响应非常敏感,可以作为评价除草剂对作物安全性评价的重要指标。 5倍田间用量乙草胺处理虽然对玉米产生了一定的影响,但玉米经一个月左右能恢复正常生长,说明乙草胺对玉米的安全性较高。但由于乙草胺在土壤中的最终残留量与初始浓度密切相关,且对土壤(根际和非根际)微生物群落会产生一定影响,所以应严格控制乙草胺的用量,以降低对土壤环境、水体环境和人类生活健康的风险性。
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株高是农作物的重要农艺性状之一,适度矮化有利于农作物的耐肥、抗倒、高产等。20世纪50年代,以日本的赤小麦为矮源的半矮秆小麦的培育和推广,使得世界粮食产量显著增长,被誉为“绿色革命”。迄今为止,已报到的麦类矮秆、半矮秆基因已达70多个,但由于某些矮源极度矮化或者矮化的同时伴随不利的农艺性状,使得真正运用于育种实践的矮源较少。因此,发掘和鉴定新的控制麦类作物株高的基因,开展株高基因定位、克隆及作用机理等方面的研究,对实现麦类作物株高的定向改良,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum,2n=14,VV)是禾本科簇毛麦属一年生二倍体异花授粉植物,为栽培小麦的近缘属。本课题组在不同来源的簇毛麦杂交后代中发现了一株自然突变产生的矮秆突变体。观察分析了该突变体的生物学特性,对矮秆性状进行了遗传分析,对茎节细胞长度、花粉的活力进行了细胞学观察,考察了该突变体内源赤霉素含量及不同浓度外施赤霉素对突变体的作用,分析了赤霉素生物合成途径中的内根贝壳杉烯氧化酶(KO)和赤霉素20氧化酶(GA20ox)的转录水平,对赤霉素20氧化酶和赤霉素3-β羟化酶(GA3ox)进行了克隆和序列分析,并对GA20ox进行了原核表达和表达的组织特异性研究。主要研究结果如下:1. 该突变体与对照植株在苗期无差异,在拔节后期才表现出植株矮小,相对对照植株,节间伸长明显受到抑制,叶鞘长度基本不变。在成熟期,对照植株的平均株高为110cm,而突变株的平均株高为32cm,仅为对照植株的1/3 左右。除了株高变矮以外,在成熟后期,突变株还表现一定程度的早衰和雄性不育。I2-KI染色法观察花粉活力结果表明,对照植株花粉90%以上都是有活力的,而突变植株的花粉仅20%左右有活力。2. 突变株与对照植株的杂交F1代均表现正常株高,表明该突变性状为隐性突变。F1代植株相互授粉得到的168株F2代植株中,株高出现分离,正常株高(株高高于80cm)与矮秆植株(株高矮于40cm)的株数比为130:38,经卡方检验,其分离比符合3:1的分离比,因此推测该突变体属于单基因的隐性突变。3. 用ELISA方法检测突变株和对照植株的幼嫩种子中内源性生物活性赤霉素(GA1+3)含量,结果表明突变株的赤霉素含量为36 ng/ml,而对照植株的赤霉素含量为900 ng/ml。对突变株外施赤霉素,发现矮秆突变株的株高和花粉育性均可得到恢复。这些结果表明该突变株为赤霉素缺陷型突变。4. 用荧光定量PCR方法比较突变株与对照植株中内根贝壳杉烯氧化酶和赤霉素20氧化酶的转录水平,结果表明突变株的KO转录水平比对照植株分别提高了6倍(苗期)和16倍(成熟期),突变株的GA20ox转录水平与对照植株在苗期无明显差异,在成熟期突变株较对照植株则提高了10倍左右。这些结果表明该矮秆突变体与赤霉素的生物合成途径密切相关,而且极有可能在赤霉素的生物合成途径早期就发生了改变。5. 以簇毛麦总基因组为模板,同源克隆了GenBank登录号为EU142950,RT-PCR分离克隆了簇毛麦的GA3ox基因cDNA全长序列,分析结果表明该cDNA全长1206bp,含完整编码区1104bp,推测该序列编码蛋白含368个氨基酸残基,分子量为40.063KD,等电点为6.27。预测的氨基酸序列含有双加氧酶的活性结构,在酶活性中心2个Fe离子结合的氨基酸残基非常保守。该序列与小麦、大麦和水稻的GA3ox基因一致性分别为98%、96%、86%。基因组序列与cDNA序列在外显子部分一致,在478-715bp和879-1019bp处分别含238bp和140bp的内含子。6. 通过RT-PCR技术克隆了簇毛麦的GA20ox基因全长,命名为DvGA20ox,GenBank登录号为EU142949。该基因全长1080个碱基,编码359个氨基酸,具有典型的植物GA20ox基因结构。该基因编码的蛋白质与小麦、大麦、黑麦草等GA20ox蛋白的同源性分别为98%,97% 和91%。该序列重组到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)上,将获得的重组子pET-32a(+)-DvGA20ox转化大肠杆菌BL21pLysS后用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,DvGA20ox基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,融合蛋白分子量为55kDa。定量PCR分析表明,该基因在簇毛麦不同器官中的表达差异明显:叶片中表达水平最高,根部表达水平次之,茎部和穗中表达较弱。在外施赤霉素后,该基因的表达水平在两小时以后急剧下降,表明该基因的表达受自身的反馈调节。本研究结果认为,(1)该簇毛麦矮秆突变体为单基因的隐性突变;(2)该矮秆突变体为赤霉素敏感突变,内源赤霉素含量检测表明突变体的内源性赤霉素含量仅为对照植株的1/30;(3)荧光定量PCR结果表明突变株的赤霉素生物合成途径的关键酶基因表达水平比对照植株高,而且突变植株的赤霉素生物合成改变很可能发生在赤霉素生物合成途径的早期;(4)GA20ox有表达的组织特异性,且受到自身产物的反馈调节。 Plant height is an impotrant agronomic trait of triticeae crops.Semi-dwarf cropcultivars, including those of wheat, maize and rice, have significantly increased grainproduction that has been known as “green revolution”. The new dwarf varieties couldraise the harvest Index at the expense of straw biomass, and, at the sametime, improvelodging resistance and responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, dwarf traits ofplant are crucial for elucidating mechanisms for plant growth and development aswell. In many plant species, various dwarf mutants have been isolated and theirmodles of inheritance and physiology also have been widely investigated.The causesfor their dwarf phenotypes were found to be associated with plant hormones,especially, gibberellins GAs.Dasypyrum villosum Candargy (syn.Haynaldia villosa) is a cross-pollinating,diploid (2n = 2x = 14) annual species that belongs to the tribe Triticeae. It is native toSouthern Europe and West Asia, especially the Caucasuses, and grows underconditions unfavorable to most cultivated crops. The genome of D. villosum,designated V by Sears, is considered an important donor of genes to wheat for improving powdery mildew resistance, take-all, eyespot, and plant and seed storageprotein content. A spontaneous dwarf mutant was found in D. villosum populations.The biological character and modles of inheritance of this dwarf mutant are studied.The cell length of stem cell is observed. The influence of extraneous gibberellin tothe dwarf mutant is also examined; the transcript level of key enzyme of gibberellinbiosynthesis pathway in mutant and control plants is compared. GA3ox and GA20oxare cloned and its expression pattern is researched.1. The dwarf mutant showed no difference with control plants at seedlingstage.At mature stage, the average height of control plants were 110cm and the dwarfplants were 33cm. The height of the mutant plant was only one third of the normalplants due to the shortened internodes. Cytology observation showed that theelongation of stem epidermal and the parenchyma cells were reduced. The dwarfmutant also shows partly male sterile. Pollen viability test indicates that more than80% of the pollen of the mutant is not viable.2. The inheritance modle of this dwarf mutant is studied. All The F1 plantsshowed normal phenotype indicating that the dwarfism is controlled by recessivealleles. Among the 168 F2 plants, there are 130 normal plants and 30 dwarf plants, thesegregation proportion accord with Mendel’s 3:1 segregation. We therefore proposethat this dwarf phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene.3. Quantitative analyses of endogenous GA1+3 in the young seeds indicated thatthe content of GA1+3 was 36ng/ml in mutant plants and 900ng/ml in normal plants.The endogenous bioactive GA1+3 in mutant plants are only about 1/30 of that innormal plants. In addition, exogenously supplied GA3 could considerably restore themutant plant to normal phenotype. These results showed that this mutant wasdefective in the GA biosynthesis.4. More than ten enzymes are involved in GA biosynthesis. KO catalyzes thefirst cytochrome P450-mediated step in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway and themutant of KO lead to a gibberellin-responsive dwarf mutant. GA20ox catalyze therate-limited steps so that their transcript level will influence the endogenous GAbiosynthesis and modifies plant architecture. The relative expression levels of genesencoding KO and GA20ox were quantified by real time PCR to assess whether thechanges in GA content correlated with the expression of GA metabolism genes andwhere the mutant occurred during the GA biosynthesis pathway. In mutant plants,the transcript levels of KO increased about 6-fold and 16-fold at the seedling stage and elongating stage respectively comparing with the normal plants. For theseedlings, there was no notable difference in the expression of GA20ox betweenmutant and normal plants. At the elongating stage, GA20ox transcript increased 10times in mutant plants, suggesting that the GA biosynthesis pathway in mutant plantshad changed from the early steps rather than the late steps.5. A full length cDNA of D. villosum gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase homology(designated as DvGA3ox) was isolated and consisted of 1206bp containing an openreading frame of 1104bp encoding 368 predicted amino acid residues. Identityanalysis showed that the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase nucleotide sequence shared 98%,96% and 86% homology with that of wheat, barley and rice. The predicted peptidecontained the active-site Fe of known gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase and the regionhomologous to wheat, barley and Arabidopsis. The genomic clone of gibberellin3β-hydroxylase has two introns.6. The full-length cDNA of D. villosum gibberellin 20 oxidase (designated asDvGA20ox) was isolated and consisted of 1080-bp and encoded 359 amino acidresidues with a calculated mol wt of 42.46 KD. Comparative and bio-informaticsanalyses revealed that DvGA20ox had close similarity with GA20ox from otherspecies and contained a conserved LPWKET and NYYPXCQKP regions. Tissueexpression pattern analysis revealed DvGA20ox expressed in all the tissues that wereexamined and the highest expression of DvGA20ox in expanding leaves followed byroots. Heterologous expression of this cDNA clone in Escherichia coli gave a fusionprotein that about 55KD. Transcript levels of DvGA20ox dramatically reduced twohours after application of biologically active GA3, suggesting that the biosynthesis ofthis enzymes might be under feedback control.
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本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法,筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量,本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响,并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是:葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g,K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是:转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后,转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL,pH 7.0), 接种量为10%,转速220r/min、温度28。C,培养120h。在此条件下,菌体湿重约为50g/L,辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制,以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术,依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM-7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32,菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L,与原始出发菌株相比,产量提高了77%。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响,结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用,添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时,辅酶Q10含量提高了17%,达到了40.7mg/L;添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时,辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%,达到了39.6mg/L;添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时,辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ,达到了43.6mg/L;添加8g/L烟草提取物时,辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%,达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D,it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.
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[Objective] The research aimed to reveal the effects of excessive Mg2+ on the germination characteristics of maize and soybean. [Method] Eleven concentration gradients of Mg2+ including 0,40,80,120,160,200,240,280,320,360 and 400 mmol/L were set up to study the effects of different treatments on such indices as the germination potential,germination rate,fresh weight,dry weight,root length,plant height and stem diameter of maize and soybean. [Result] With the increasing of Mg2+ concentration,the germination of maize delayed and the germination rate of soybean obviously decreased,reaching the significant difference at 0.05 level. When Mg2+ concentration increased,the fresh weight and dry weight of maize and soybean decreased,but maize and soybean showed some adaptability. The growth of radicles and seedlings in maize and soybean were obviously inhibited by Mg2+,and atrophy and dysplasia phenomena appeared. [Conclusion] Excessive Mg2+ stress has different effects on the germination potential and germination rate of different crops and has obvious poisoning effects on the root and stem growth of crops.
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以采自于黄土高原差异较大的25个农田耕层石灰性土壤为供试土样,以淋洗和未淋洗土壤起始NO3--N小麦和玉米两季盆栽试验作物累积吸氮量为参比,对8种反映旱地土壤供氮能力的化学方法进行比较研究。结果表明,在一定程度上,可用有密切关系的土壤全氮或有机质,反映有机氮或全氮存在较大差异的土壤供氮能力,但其灵敏性较差。石灰性土壤矿质氮,特别是NO3--N与未淋洗土壤起始NO3--N作物吸氮量之间有较高相关性(r=0.884,P<0.01),而与淋洗土壤起始NO3--N作物吸氮量间相关系数仅为0.472(P<0.05),说明矿质氮可反映土壤当前供氮水平,而不能反映土壤潜在供氮能力;石灰性土壤起始NO3--N对各化学方法与作物吸氮量之间相关性影响较大。酸性高锰酸钾法既可反映土壤潜在供氮能力,也可反映土壤总供氮能力;酸性高锰酸钾法的修订方法,即硫酸—高锰酸钾法提取出的NH4+-N值接近于KCl水浴法提取出的NH4+-N值,该方法在反映土壤总供氮能力方面与酸性高锰酸钾法相当,但在反映土壤潜在供氮能力方面不及酸性高锰酸钾法优越。KCl水浴法在评价石灰性土壤供氮能力方面,与酸性高锰酸钾法的效果基本相同;沸水浸取法和NaHCO3-UV...
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干湿变化是作物生产的水分环境,利用植物旱后复水所产生的补偿效应是农业抗旱节水的新途径。论述了农业干湿变化类型和补偿效应的内涵、干湿变化对作物生态补偿和生长发育阶段间补偿及生理代谢功能间补偿性。通过土壤大气湿度组合的玉米实验,研究了大气湿度提高补偿土壤干旱作物生长与水分利用效应的规律。
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以3种不同株型夏玉米为供试材料,采用盆栽试验研究了不同生育期及冠层不同叶位叶片表观自由空间的大小差异和变化规律。结果表明,在相同施肥水平下,随生育期推进,各株型夏玉米叶片表观自由空间逐渐降低;不同玉米品种冠层叶片表观自由空间在全生育期内存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。从不同株型品种叶片表观自由空间看,以紧密型品种陕单902叶片表观自由空间最大,中间型品种农大108与平展型品种陕单9号间较小,二者差异不显著;平展型品种各生育时期间叶片表观自由空间的差异较小,而紧密型品种的差异最大。全生育期内不同株型品种不同叶位间叶片表观自由空间存在明显差异,但缺乏普遍规律性;比较不同生育期内不同叶位,以拔节期不同叶位间差异较大;比较同株型品种不同叶位,以中间型品种农大108不同叶位间差异较大。以上结果说明了在研究和评价植物叶片表观自由空间时,不仅要考虑植物遗传特征,而且还需考虑植物生育期及叶位。