86 resultados para LINGUISTICA ITALIANA,00789,Scienze della Formazione,0013,Scienze della formazione primaria,1313,ESAME INTEGRATO DI LINGUISTICA ITALIANA - DIDATTICA DELLA LINGUA ITALIANA (II MODULO),22123,SCUOLA ELEMENTARE,253,MAIOR LINGUA STRANIERA,229,2007,3


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通过垂穗披碱草-星星草混播草地连续3个放牧季的牦牛放牧试验,对不同放牧强度下牧草的消化率进行了研究.结果表明:放牧强度对牦牛所食牧草中酸性洗涤纤维消化率的影响极显著(P<0.01),对粗纤维消化率的影响显著(P<0.05),而对所食牧草中的总能、粗蛋白、粗灰分和中性洗涤纤维的影响不显著(P>0.05);放牧时间对中性和酸性洗涤纤维的影响极显著(P<0.01),而对牧草总能、粗蛋白、粗纤维和粗灰分的影响不显著(P>0.05).尽管牦牛的采食量均随放牧强度的增加而减小,但牦牛对采食牧草各营养成分的消化率并未出现规律性变化.

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在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区,选择高寒矮嵩草草甸及其开垦后形成的农田和一年生人工草地作为研究对象,研究了高寒草甸不同土地利用方式下生物量和植物-土壤系统固定的有机碳量的变化。结果表明:3种土地利用方式相比较,地上生物量由高到低依次为人工草地〉农田〉高寒草甸(P〈0.01),分别为11.83、9.78和4.36 t/hm~2;3种土地利用方式下地下生物量剖面分布均呈倒金字塔形,0~40 cm地下生物量为高寒草甸〉人工草地〉农田(P〈0.01),分别为15.74、5.61和1.24 t/hm~2。随着高寒草甸土地利用方式改变,植物群落碳素固定量也随之减小,其序列由高到低依次为:高寒草甸〉人工草地〉农田(P〈0.05),其值分别为7.63、6.81和4.51 t/hm~2。

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通过对青海省碱茅属植物的研究,修订了青海省碱茅属植物分类系统。首次确认青海省产碱茅属植物3组31种,其中18种为青海新记录。

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高原鼢鼠是一类地下独居啮齿动物,为青藏高原特有种之一.为研究该物种的谱系地理学和遗传多样性,本文测定了采自青藏高原东部3个地理种群8个小种群共37个个体的线粒体D-loop区序列变异.在长度为627 bp的序列中,共发现50个变异位点,定义了26种单倍型.该物种的单倍型多样性(Haplotype diversity,H)较高和核苷酸多样性(Nucleotide diversity,πn)较低.谱系分析得到3个稳定的分支,分别与采集的地理种群相吻合:同一地理种群内单倍型之间遗传差异小,而不同地理来源的单倍型之间存在较大区别.距离隔离分析表明高原鼢鼠的遗传分化与地理距离呈正相关.AMOVA分析同样表明地理种群之间存在显著差异:地理种群间变异占遗传变异的80.45%.高原鼢鼠的这种遗传结构特点可能主要是由于第四纪气候变迁、该物种稳定的地下生活环境和有限的迁移能力造成的

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对海北定位站分布的金露梅灌丛草甸、矮嵩草草甸、藏嵩草沼泽化草甸3种高寒植被类型群落结构、感热(H)和潜热(LE)通量比较观测表明,3种植被类型年地上净初级生产力表现出矮嵩草草甸(318.600 g/m~2)>藏嵩草沼泽化草甸(258.341 g/m~2)>金露梅灌丛草甸(217.6 g/m~2).植物种类组成有矮嵩草草甸(54种)>金露梅灌丛草甸(47种)>沼泽草甸(24种).3种植被类型区近地表大气能量交换过程中,LE和H的月际变化明显,而且随植被类型的不同月际变化差异显著.3种不同植被类型在年内均表现出H+L E>0,表明在青海海北高寒草甸地区,太阳辐射强烈,近地层湍流输送明显,地表为-热源.3类型高寒草甸植被的年地上净生产量基本与波文比(β)呈现正效应,与LE+H呈现明显的反效应.植物种类组成基本与LE+H有反效应,与β呈明显的正效应.

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RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E. coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.

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The foreland basin on the northern margin of the lower reach of the Yangtze river (the lower Yangtze foreland basin) is tectonically situated in the basin-mountain transitional area along the southeastern flank of the Dabie mountains. The early formation and development of the basin is closely related to the open-up of the Mian-Lue paleo-oceanic basin on the southern margin of the Central Orogenic System represented by Qinling-Dabei orogenic belt, while the tectonic evolution of the middle-late stage of the basin is mainly related to development of the Mian-Lue tectonic zone that occurred on the basis of the previous Mian-Lue paleo-suture. The foreland basin of the northern rim of the lower reach of the Yangtze river was formed during the middle-Triassic collision between the Yangtze and North China plates and experienced an evolution of occuirence-development-extinction characterized by marine facies to continental facies and continental margin to intracontinent in terms of tectonic setting.The foreland basin (T2-J2) was developed on the basis of the passive continental marginal basin on the south side of the Mian-Lue paleo-ocean and superimposed by late Jurassic-Tertiary fault basin. The tectonic setting underwent a multiple transformation of rifting-collisional clososing-tensional faulting and depression, which resulted in changes of the property for the basin and the final formation of the superposed compose basin in a fashion of 3-story-building. According to the tectonic position and evolution stages of plate collision happening on the southeastern margin of the Dabie mountains, and tectono-tratigraphic features shown by the foreland basin in its main formational period, the evolution of the foreland basin can be divided into four stages: 1) pre-orogenic passive margin (P2-Ti). As the Mian-Lue ocean commenced subduction in the late-Permian, the approaching of the Yangtze and North China plates to each other led to long-periodical and large-scale marine regression in early Triassic which was 22 Ma earlier than the global one and generated I-type mixed strata of the clastic rocks and carbonate, and I-type carbonate platform. These represent the passive stratigraphy formed before formation of the foreland basin. 2) Foreland basin on continental margin during main orogenic episode (T2.3). The stage includes the sub-stage of marine foreland basin (T2X remain basin), which formed I-type stratigrphy of carbonate tidal flat-lagoon, the sub-stage of marine-continental transition-molasse showing II-type stratigraphy of marine-continental facies lake - continental facies lake. 3) Intracontinental foreland basin during intracontinental orogeny (Ji-2)- It is characterized by continental facies coal-bearing molasses. 4) Tensional fault and depression during post-orogeny (J3-E). It formed tectono-stratigraphy post formation of the foreland basin, marking the end of the foreland evolution. Fold-thrust deformation of the lower Yangtze foreland basin mainly happened in late middle-Jurassic, forming ramp structures along the Yangtze river that display thrusting, with deformation strength weakening toward the river from both the Dabie mountains and the Jiangnan rise. This exhibits as three zones in a pattern of thick-skinned structure involved the basement of the orogenic belt to decollement thin-skinned structure of fold-thrust from north to south: thrust zone of foreland basin on northern rim of the lower reach of the Yangtze river, foreland basin zone and Jiannan compose uplift zone. Due to the superposed tensional deformation on the earlier compressional deformation, the structural geometric stratification has occurred vertically: the upper part exhibits late tensional deformation, the middle portion is characterized by ramp fault -fold deformation on the base of the Silurian decollement and weak deformation in the lower portion consisting of Silurian and Neo-Proterozoic separated by the two decollements. These portions constitutes a three-layered structural assemblage in a 3-D geometric model.From the succession of the lower reach of the Yangtze river and combined with characteristics of hydrocarbon-bearing rocks and oil-gas system, it can be seen that the succession of the continental facies foreland basin overlies the marine facies stratigraphy on the passive continental margin, which formed upper continental facies and lower marine facies hydrocarbon-bearing rock system and oil-gas forming system possessing the basic conditions for oil-gas occurrence. Among the conditions, the key for oil-gas accumulation is development and preservation of the marine hydrocarbon-bearing rocks underlying the foreland basin. The synthetic study that in the lower Yangtze foreland basin (including the Wangjiang-Qianshan basin), the generation-reservoir-cover association with the Permian marine facies hydrocarbon-bearing rocks as the critical portion can be a prospective oil-gas accumulation.Therefore, it should aim at the upper Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon-bearing rock system and oil-gas forming system in oil-gas evaluation and exploration. Also, fining excellent reservoir phase and well-preserved oil-gas accumulation units is extremely important for a breakthrough in oil-gas exploration.

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低镁方解石腕足化石壳体被广泛地应用于地质历史时期原始海洋地球化学组成的重建研究,其保存度的识别是该研究的一项重要内容。通常使用显微结构、阴极发光和微量元素含量等3 种方法验证其对原始地球化学信息的保存,微量元素含量的识别方法一直被置于较为次要的地位。我们对采自广西六景泥盆系腕足化石微量元素研究表明,其Fe 、Mn、Sr 分别为(12~2800) ×10 - 6 、(1~711) ×10 - 6和(243~1835) ×10 - 6 。上述3 种识别方法实质上都是微量元素的识别,其余两种识别方法只是微量元素的不同表现而已。通过氧同位素组成、Mn 和Sr/ Mn 对比,得知Mn 含量小于100 ×10 - 6 ,Sr/ Mn 值高于10的腕足化石壳体基本上保存完好。这一发现为利用腕足化石研究海水原始碳氧同位素提供了有力的判据。

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近来。关于无氟牙膏和含氟牙膏的争论成为媒体关注的话题。此事有关干百万公众的口腔健康,作为一位长期从事氟与健康关系研究的环境地球化学工作者。有必要解释说明相关的事实,澄清一些被模糊的认识。

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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而在3个多金属矿区或附近又无一例外地有1个较大的花岗岩体相伴随.从而引起人们对于矿床与花岗岩之间联系的兴趣.20世纪90年代初,研究者普遍认为白牛厂银多金属矿床属与燕山期花岗岩有密切联系的"岩浆热液矿床"(江鑫培,1990);90年代末,研究者开始怀疑岩浆热液成因,并提出了海底喷流沉积和岩浆热液叠加观点(陈学明等,1998,2000);一些研究者甚至认为燕山期酸性岩浆活动对于成矿几乎没有什么作用,矿床属于"典型的海底喷流沉积块状硫化物矿床"(白金刚等,1995;周建平等,1997,1998).矿床与花岗岩之间关系的认识从一个极端走到了另一极端.对于矿床主要的控矿因素的认识也经历了断层控-层控(喷流沉积作用)-层、岩、断复合控矿(岩浆只起叠加成矿作用)的不同阶段.由于矿床与花岗岩及断裂、地层之间关系的研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,对于指导进一步找矿也至关紧要,值得对这一问题深入探讨.

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氮循环是水生生态系统中重要的营养循环,对它的研究能够为水环境评价以及解决日益严重的湖泊富营养化问题中的氮治理提供理论依据。水体中的有机质分为颗粒态有机质(POM)和溶解态有机质(DOM)两部分,它们在水体中与无机氮相互转化、相互作用,共同控制着整个水生生态系统内部的氮循环过程。稳定氮同位素技术作为有效的地球化学工具能够被用于追溯水生生态系统中的物质来源以及指示相关的生物地球化学循环作用。因此对有机质稳定氮同位素比值的测定有利用帮助我们了解它在水生生态系统中所扮演的角色,尤其是得到有机质参与的地球化学循环作用的直接证据,从而进一步完善对水生生态系统内部整个氮循环过程的研究。 本研究首先从根本上解决了限制溶解有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)稳定氮同位素比值应用的测定技术上的难题。然后选择贵州高原湖泊―红枫湖和百花湖作为研究对象,测定了2003~2004年两湖水体中颗粒态有机氮同位素比值(δ15NPON)的季节及剖面变化,探讨了两湖季节性变化存在差异的原因以及红枫湖纵向水体剖面上δ15NPON的变化规律及影响因素。最后,在前人对红枫湖研究的基础上重点选择了2006~2007年间湖泊热分层不同时期具有代表性的几个月份进行了剖面采样。测定了不同月份纵向水体剖面上的DON、PON与NO3-三种氮形态的含量、δ15N值以及其它水化学参数,揭示了水体内部氮循环过程中的相关生物地球化学作用。同时,结合冬季湖泊枯水期外源输入河流以及湖泊水体横向剖面上的DON、PON与NO3-三种氮形态的含量及其δ15N值的变化,追溯了湖泊水体中各种氮形态的来源以及外源输入河流对湖泊水体的贡献。本研究得到以下几点结论: 1. δ15NPON值的季节性变化可以用于评价水生生态系统的营养状况,指示外源人为活动产生的工业废水和生活污水的影响。对2003~2004年间红枫湖和百花湖两湖表层湖泊水体中PON的δ15N季节性变化研究表明,红枫湖表层颗粒态有机质δ15NPON的变化范围为+3.7~+14.9‰;百花湖颗粒态有机质δ15NPON的变化范围为+1.3~+8.7‰。其季节性变化趋势不同。红枫湖表现为冬季(2月)和夏末秋初(9月)出现高值;冬季高值的出现主要受外源输入的工业废水中富含15N的无机氮源和有机颗粒的影响。百花湖在冬季(2月)出现最低值,夏末秋初(9月)出现高值;冬季最低值的出现则可能归功于生活污水中富含14N的有机颗粒的贡献。 2. 首次从整体角度得到了δ15NDON值变化区间的信息。红枫湖2006~2007年不同采样月份水体内部的δ15NDON测定结果显示,δ15NDON的变化范围为+1.0~+12.3‰,它与δ15NNO3-的变化范围:5.9~+22‰和δ15NPON变化范围:+2.8~+16.8‰接近。同时,研究还发现在浮游植物生长季节,表层水体不同形态氮的同位素比值普遍存在下述规律:δ15NNO3->δ15NPON>δ15NDON。原因是此时浮游植物是PON的主要组成部分,且吸收利用NO3-的过程是δ15NPON变化的主要控制因素,浮游植物通过分泌细胞外液等方式分解产生了的富含14N的DON,从而使得三种形态的氮同位素具有一定的继承关系。 3. 三种氮形态δ15N值的季节性变化趋势能够反映其来源的差异。纵向剖面水体中,2007年1月的δ15NNO3-最大,湖泊受外源河流携带的高δ15N及高含量NO3-的影响。2006年4月和2007年3月的δ15NNO3-较小,水体内部发生的强烈的硝化作用产生了大量富含14N的NO3-,是湖泊水体NO3-的重要内源。δ15NDON值表现为:除2007年3月表现异常外(出现异常高值),浮游植物生长季节(2006年4月和2006年7月)的 δ15NDON普遍小于其余月份,且纵向水体剖面上变化幅度均不太大,这与浮游植物生长季节DON主要来源于浮游植物分泌等作用产生的富含14N的组分有关。δ15NPON值表现为冬季(2007年1月)具有最高值,受外源输入河流中富含15N的有机颗粒的影响。 4. PON降解方式的不同可能引起生成的δ15NDON存在差异。PON在有氧条件下发生硝化降解时,由于富含14N的组分优先被释放,因此生成的DON组分的δ15N值较小,如2006年4月10m以上水体和2006年7月10m以上水体;而当PON在厌氧条件下发生反硝化降解时,富含15N的组分则优先被释放,从而使得生成的DON其δ15N较大,如2006年4月18m以下水体和2006年7月10m以下水体。 5. 纵向水体剖面上δ15NPON的显著变化来源于其组成的变化,并且不论是硝化细菌还是反硝化细菌,当它们作为PON的主要组分时均会造成δ15NPON的减小,如2006年7月和2007年3月中下部水体。 6. 三种氮形态同位素比值的结合能够更加有效地示踪有机质来源的变化。如2007年1月纵向水体剖面,整个水体剖面氮含量无明显变化,而氮同位素比值则有显著变化。20m处δ15NPON、δ15NNO3-和δ15NDON均在此发生转折,显示20m可能是外源输入与内部水体的分界层。此时,横向水体剖面上,采样点4处NO3-显著增加,而δ15NNO3-保持不变;δ15NDON显著减小。说明采样点4处可能有新的氮源出现。初步估计是由于先前网箱养鱼的积累影响还有高含量的NO3-,低δ15N值的DON输出。 以上的研究结果充分证实了有机质的稳定氮同位素比值的变化能够更加直接地用于追溯有机质的来源以及追踪有机质在湖泊水体中参与的生物地球化学循环作用。