Pump-dump control and the related transient absorption spectroscopies

We combine theories of optimal pump-dump control and the related transient probe absorption spectroscopy in order to elucidate the relation between these two optical processes and the possibility of experimental realization. In the weak response regime, we identify the globally optimal pair of pump-dump control fields, and further propose a second-order difference detection scheme to monitor the wave packets dynamics that is jointly controlled by both the pump and dump fields. The globally optimal solution serves also as the initial input for the iterative search for the optimal control fields in the strong response regime. We use a model I-2 molecule to demonstrate numerically the pump-dump control and the detection of a highly vibrationally excited wave packet focusing dynamics on the ground X surface in both the weak and strong response regimes. The I2B surface serves as the intermediate to assist the pump-dump control and the optical detection processes. Demonstrated in the strong response regime are the optimal pair of pump-dump molecular-pi pulses that invert nearly total population onto the predefined target region within a half period of vibration motion. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00115-4].

利用射流泵输送油水两相管流的实验研究

研究了应用射流泵输送油水两相管流时泵对下游管道中流型和压降的影响。实验管线为内径50mm的透明有机玻璃管，管线从入口到分离器长约35m，实验段由一个垂直倒U型管和一个长3m水平管组成。分别给出了不同入口条件下实验管段的流型图和压降图。结果表明：采用射流泵输送油水两相流动，对下游管道流型和油水乳化速度有着显著的影响，但对下游管道内的压降随混合流速和体积份额的变化趋势影响很小。

A Nanomechanical Device Based on Light-Driven Proton Pumps

In this paper, a hybrid device based on a microcantilever interfaced with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is constructed. The microcantilever, on which the highly oriented bR film is self-assembled, undergoes controllable and reversible bending when the light-driven proton pump protein, bR, on the microcantilever surface is activated by visible light. Several control experiments are carried out to preclude the influence of heat and photothermal effects. It is shown that the nanomechanical motion is induced by the resulting gradient of protons, which are transported from the KCl solution on the cytoplasmic side of the bR film towards the extracellular side of the bR film. Along with a simple physical interpretation, the microfabricated cantilever interfaced with the organized molecular film of bR can simulate the natural machinery in converting solar energy to mechanical energy.

喷油泵转速变化对乳化液喷雾特性的影响

采用高速摄影技术,研究了压力雾化喷嘴对甲醇、水和柴油多组元乳化液的雾化特性. 结果表明:当实验工质为乳化液时,提高喷油泵的转速,喷油器喷嘴的有效喷射压力随之上升,喷雾贯穿速度提高,喷雾锥角增大,喷雾的持续时间增长;乳化液和柴油的喷雾有一定的差异,即柴油的喷雾锥角比乳化液的大,喷油器的嘴端压力比乳化液的小,喷雾持续时间也比乳化液的短.

3D simulation of the micro indentation process and relative problems research

In this paper the finite element method was used to simulate micro-scale indentation process. The several standard indenters were simulated with 3D finite element model. The emphasis of this paper was the differences between 2D axisymmetric cone model and

Renormalization group approach on nanostructured systems

The electronic spectra of one-dimensional nanostructured systems are calculated within the pure hopping model on the tight-binding Hamiltonian. By means of the renormalization group Green's function method, the dependence of the density of states on the distributions of nanoscaled grains and the changes of values of hopping integrals in nanostructured systems are studied. It is found that the frequency shifts are dependent rather on the changes of the hopping integrals at nanoscaled grains than the distribution of nanoscaled grains.

Phonon properties of one-dimensional nanocrystalline solids

We study phonon properties of one-dimensional nanocrystalline solids that are associated with a model nanostructured sequence. A real-space renormalization-group approach, connected with a series of renormalization-group transformations, is developed to calculate numerically the local phonon Green's function at an arbitrary site, and then the phonon density of states of these kinds of nanocrystalline chains. Some interesting phonon properties of nanocrystalline chains are obtained that are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results for the optical-absorption spectra of nanostructured solids.

微重力池沸腾现象中的临界热流密度

本文利用我国第22颗返回式卫星实验研究了微重力条件下池沸腾临界热流现象,发现基于流体动力学不稳定性机制的LD-Zuber模型可以很好地预测不同重力条件下的池沸腾临界热流变化趋势,尽管热丝无量纲半径比该模型的适用范围扩大了3～4个数量级。这和地面常重力环境中关于临界热流尺度效应的研究结果有很大差异,表明在Bond数很小时,热丝无量纲半径已不再是描述临界热流尺度效应的唯一参数。此外,本文提出了"极限核化尺寸"的概念,来解释了不同条件下临界热流的变化特征。

电潜泵井生产动态分析

提出了原油物性模拟的修正模型，其结果与PVT曲线具有良好的相关性。给出了电潜泵内流体温升及井筒中流体温度梯度的计算方法。通过引入井眼轨迹的描述与计算描述，成功地解决了弯曲井段的多相流计算问题，从而可以计算出任意井眼形状中的参数分布规律。在此基础上，借助于毛细管、动液面或泵特性测试资料，实现了对电潜泵井生产动态的模拟和分析，并在现场应用中收到了良好的效果。

脉冲液体射流泵性能的理论分析及数值计算

推导了以往复泵为脉冲发生装置的脉冲液体射流泵准二维性能方程及其时均性能方程,导出无因次惯性水头及惯性力项便于计算的表达式,并对脉冲液体射流泵时均性能进行了数值计算,计算结果与试验数据基本吻合,将数值计算的模拟曲线与恒定液体射流泵性能曲线进行对照,证明了采用脉冲射流作为工作动力能够大幅提高射流泵的效率.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation about Internal and External Flows

In this paper, TASCflow3D is used to solve inner and outer 3D viscous incompressible turbulent flow (R-e = 5.6 X 10(6)) around axisymmetric body with duct. The governing equation is a RANS equation with standard k-epsilon turbulence model. The discrete method used is a finite volume method based on the finite element approach. In this method, the description of geometry is very flexible and at the same time important conservative properties are retained. The multi-block and algebraic multi-grid techniques are used for the convergence acceleration. Agreement between experimental results and calculation is good. It indicates that this novel approach can be used to simulate complex flow such as the interaction between rotor and stator or propulsion systems containing tip clearance and cavitation.

丝状加热面池沸腾临界热流尺度效应研究

本文以丝状加热表面上的池沸腾传热现象为主要研究对象，利用地面常重力实验，研究了不同热丝直径、不同过冷度下（(0～40℃）的丝状加热片面FC-72液体和丙酮液体的池沸腾传热特性。 本文利用自主研发的一套可控过冷度池沸腾实验设备，使用纯度为99.99%的铂丝同时作为加热元件和测温元件，加热丝直径分别为0.06mm、0.025mm、0.1mm，长度为30mm。实验采用控制加热电压按阶梯形式增长或下降（时间常数约20s）的稳态加热方式。 实验所得单相自然对流传热数据同Kuehn-Goldstein（1976）换热公式预测结果具有较高的一致性，说明实验设备可靠、实验数据可信。 实验过程中发现，在相同压力条件下，随着过冷度的增加，沸腾传热强化；CHF值在低过冷度时呈线性增加，然后增加趋势变缓。丙酮实验中，0.06mm热丝和0.1mm热丝在低过冷度(2.5～10℃)情况下都出现了从自然对流直接进入双膜态现象，不过，当降低加热电压时，膜态沸腾仍转化为核态沸腾，此时继续增高加热电压，沸腾曲线仍沿常规核态沸腾曲线上升至CHF后，再转换为膜态沸腾。对于同等直径热丝，无论核态沸腾或双膜态沸腾，在丙酮中所产生汽泡尺寸明显偏大。 过冷沸腾中，临界热流随过冷度的增加呈现出非线性依赖关系。在低过冷度线性区，FC-72中实验结果与几种低过冷度线性模型较一致；丙酮中实验结果 随 变化斜率明显高于几种低过冷度线性模型的预测，显示出对尺度的依赖关系。这说明在小Bond数时存在尺度效应对过冷度的影响，即对于小Bond数情况过冷度和尺度效应的耦合作用是非常重要的。 饱和沸腾中，FC-72和丙酮的CHF值随热丝直径的减小而不断增加，其中，FC-72的CHF数值尽管比LD模型预测结果略低，但定性地依然可用LD模型进行描述，尽管相比于LD模型原始的适用范围 已扩大了1~2个数量级；但丙酮的实验数据却远小于LD模型预测结果。综合分析表明，尽管热丝直径相同，但物性的差异使得FC-72和丙酮实验中的数据点分别处于不同的尺度特征区域，反映了小Bond数情形下分区准则的物性依赖性。