La_(1-x)Li_xMnO_3体系的输运特性及EPR研究

利用固相反应法合成了掺杂锂的La1-xLixMnO3(x=0,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30)钙钛矿氧化物．XRD测试表明，所有样品均为菱方结构．除x=0,0.3外，其它样品均随温度的降低在液氮温区可观察到从绝缘态到金属态的转变，其中x=0.15样品的转变温度最高为167K．在H=1T的磁场下，出现了负磁阻现象．EPR谱上的ｇ＝2.00信号与Mn3+和Mn4+组成的复合团簇有关

PP-EPR-PP增容PP/EPT的研究

采用δ－ＴｉＣｌ３－Ｅｔ２ＡｌＣｌ催化合成了三元乙丙嵌段共聚物ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ，作为乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＴ）增韧聚丙烯（ＰＰ）的增容剂，以改善ＰＰ的低温冲击性能。实验发现，ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ中ＥＰＲ段较长，有利于提高其增容效果，ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ的加入量仅为４％，就可以显著的改善ＰＰ和ＥＰＴ相容性，使ＰＰ／ＥＰＴ／ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ共混物的无缺口冲击强度比相应的ＰＰ／ＥＰＴ在－２０℃时提高４０％，在－４０℃时提高了１２０％，达到较高的耐冲击等级。形态观察表明，ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ同时又起到了“乳化剂”的作用，使ＥＰＴ在ＰＰ中均匀分散。还提出了ＰＰ－ＥＰＲ－ＰＰ的增容模型，完满地解释了实验结果。

PP-EPR对PP/EPT增容作用的研究

通过δ-TiCl_3-Et_2AICl催化淤浆聚合合成了不同嵌段长度的聚丙烯-乙丙橡胶嵌段共聚物(PP-EPR),作为乙丙橡胶(EPT)和PP的增容剂,明显改善PP的低温耐冲击性能。实验发现,当PP-EPR中PP段的聚合时间为5min,EPR段的聚合时间为30min时,PP-EPR的增容效果最好;PP-EPR加入量仅为4％,就可以显著地改善PP和EPT的相容性,使共混物PP/EPT/PP-EPR的拉伸强度只比PP降低22％,而-20℃和-40℃下的冲击强度分别为PP的9倍和8倍。

用EPR方法研究人造金刚石中杂质氮

本文用电子顺磁共振(EPR)方法,研究人造金刚石中氮的电子结构。提出用自旋浓度来表征氯含量的方法,并对不同方法制得的金刚石进行测定。

Geochemical anomalies of hydrothermal plume at EPR 13 degrees N

During the DY105-12, 14cruise (RN DAYANG YIHAO, November 2003) on East Pacific Rise (EPR) 12-13 degrees N, the submarine hydrothermal activity was investigated and the CTD hydrocast was carried out at EPR12 degrees 39 ' N - 12 degrees 54 ' N. From the temperature anomalies and the concentrations of magnesium, chlorine, bromine in seawater samples, we discover that magnesium depletes 9.3%-22.4%, chlorine and bromine enrich 10.3%-28.7% and 10.7%-29.0% respectively relative to normal seawater at the stations which have chemistry anomalies, moreover temperature and chemistry anomalies are at the same layer. The depletion of magnesium in the plume may be caused by a fluid lacking of magnesium which rises after the hydrothermal fluid reaches the equilibrium with ambient seawater, the enrichment of chlorine and bromine might be the result of inputting later brine which is generated by phase separation due to hydrothermal activity. In addition, the Br/CI ratio in the abnormal layers at the survey area is identical to that in seawater, which implies that halite dissolution (or precipitation) occurs neither when the fluid is vented nor when hydrothermal fluid entraining ambient seawater rises to form plume. From the abnormal instance at E55 station, it is very possible that there might exist a new hydrothermal vent site.

In vitro iron enrichment experiments in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean: A test of the iron hypothesis

In "high nitrate, low chlorophyll" (HNLC) ocean regions, iron has been typically regarded as the limiting factor for phytoplankton production. This "iron hypothesis" needs to be tested in various oceanic environments to understand the role of iron in marine biological and biogeochemical processes. In this paper, three in vitro iron enrichment experiments were performed in Prydz Bay and at the Polar Front north of the Ross Sea, to study the role of iron on phytoplankton production. At the Polar Front of Ross Sea, iron addition significantly (P < 0.05, Student's t-test) stimulated phytoplankton growth. In Prydz Bay, however, both the iron treatments and the controls showed rapid phytoplankton growth, and no significant effect (P > 0.05, Student's t-test) as a consequence of iron addition was observed. These results confirmed the limiting role of iron in the Ross Sea and indicated that iron was not the primary factor limiting phytoplankton growth in Prydz Bay. Because the light environment for phytoplankton was enhanced in experimental bottles, light was assumed to be responsible for the rapid growth of phytoplankton in all treatments and to be the limiting factor controlling field phytoplankton growth in Prydz Bay. During the incubation experiments, nutrient consumption ratios also changed with the physiological status and the growth phases of phytoplankton cells. When phytoplankton growth was stimulated by iron addition, N was the first and Si was the last nutrient which absorption enhanced. The Si/N and Si/P consumption ratios of phytoplankton in the stationary and decay phases were significantly higher than those of rapidly growing phytoplankton. These findings were helpful for studies of the marine ecosystem and biogeochemistry in Prydz Bay, and were also valuable for biogeochemical studies of carbon and nutrients in various marine environments.

Application of Neomysis awatschensis as a standard marine toxicity test organism in China

The small mysid crustacean Neomysis awatschensis was collected in the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China in 1992 and acclimated and cultured in laboratory conditions since then. Standard acute toxicity tests using 4-6 d juvenile mysids of this species were conducted and the results were compared with Mysidopsis bahia, a standard toxicity test organism used in the US in terms of their sensitivities to reference toxins, as well as their taxonomy, morphology and geographic distributions. Because of its wide distribution along the Chinese coast, similar sensitivity to pollutants as M. bahia, short life history, small size and the case of handling, this study intended to use N. awatschensis as one of the standard marine organisms for toxicity testing in China. The species were applied to acute toxicity evaluations of drilling fluid and its additives I organotin TPT and toxic algae, and to chronic ( life cycle) toxicity assays of organotin TPT and a toxic dinofalgellate Alexandrium tamarense, respectively. Using N, awatschensis as a standard toxicity testing organism in marine pollution assessment in China is suggested.

Studies on the hemolytic activity of tentacle extracts of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye: Application of orthogonal test

The present work is first reporting the hemolytic activity of venom from jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye extracted by different phosphate buffer solutions and incubated at different temperature according to the orthogonal test L6(1) x 3(6). Of the seven controllable independent variables, incubated temperature and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) had strongest effect on the hemolytic activity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Methane aromatization in the absence of an added oxidant and the bench scale reaction test

A bench scale reaction test for methane aromatization in the absence of an added oxidant was performed and its reaction result evaluated based on the carbon balance of the system. The result was compared with those obtained from the micro-reaction test to ensure the accuracy of the internal standard analyzing method employed in this paper. The catalytic performances of modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts were examined. It was found that pre-treatment by steam on HZSM-5 weakened the serious deposition of coke, and pre-impregnation of n-ethyl silicate on HZSM-5 could improve the conversion of CH4, but had little effect on coke formation. A low temperature activation procedure including pre-reduction of the catalyst with methane prevents the zeolite lattice from being seriously destroyed by high valence state Mo species when the Mo loading is high. It was suggested that Mo2C species detected by XRD spectra was the active phase for CH4 aromatization.

Electrode catalysts behavior during direct ethanol fuel cell life-time test

In the present paper, a 60 h life-time test of a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) at a current density of 20 mA cm(-2) (the beginning 38 h) and 40 mA cm(-2) (the last 22 h) was carried out. After the life-time test, the MEA could not achieve the former performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to characterize the anode and cathode catalyst before and after the life-time test. The XRD and TEM results showed that the particle size of the anode catalyst increased from 2.3 to 3.3 nm and the cathode from 3.0 to 4.6 nm. The EDX results of PtSn/C anode catalysts before and after the life-time test indicated that the content of the oxygen and tin, especially the content of the platinum, decreased prominently after the life-time test. The results suggest that the agglomeration of electrocatalysts, the destruction of the anode catalyst together with the fuel/water crossover from anode to cathode concurrently contribute to the performance degradation of the DEFC. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.