Genetic diversity and population history of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence variations

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is one of the flagship species in worldwide conservation and is of special interest in evolutionary studies due to its taxonomic uniqueness. We sequenced a 236-bp fragment of the mitochondrial D-loop region in a sample of 5

Mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region-1 sequence variation and phylogeny of the concolor gibbons, Nomascus

The still little known concolor gibbons are represented by 14 taxa (five species, nine subspecies) distributed parapatrically in China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. To set the stage for a phylogeographic study of the genus we examined DNA sequence

Assessment of cattle genetic introgression into domestic yak populations using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers

Hybridization between yak Poephagus grunniens and taurine Bos taurus or indicine B. indicus cattle has been widely practiced throughout the yak geographical range, and gene flow is expected to have occurred between these species. To assess the impact of cattle admixture on domestic yak, we examined 1076 domestic yak from 29 populations collected in China, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Russia using mitochondrial DNA and 17 autosomal microsatellite loci. A cattle diagnostic marker-based analysis reveals cattle-specific mtDNA and/or autosomal microsatellite allele introgression in 127 yak individuals from 22 populations. The mean level of cattle admixture across the populations, calculated using allelic information at 17 autosomal microsatellite loci, remains relatively low (mY(cattle) = 2.66 +/- 0.53% and Q(cattle) = 0.69 +/- 2.58%), although it varies a lot across populations as well as among individuals within population. Although the level of cattle admixture shows a clear geographical structure, with higher levels of admixture in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Mongolian and Russian regions, and lower levels in the Himalayan and Pamir Plateau region, our results indicate that the level of cattle admixture is not significantly correlated with the altitude across geographical regions as well as within geographical region. Although yak-cattle hybridization is primarily driven to produce F-1 hybrids, our results show that the subsequent gene flow between yak and cattle took place and has affected contemporary genetic make-up of domestic yak. To protect yak genetic integrity, hybridization between yak and cattle should be tightly controlled.

大熊猫微卫星DNA的筛选及其应用

经DpnII限制酶消化大熊猫基因组DNA后, 选取150-500bp大小的片段构建了DNA文库。共克隆筛先了10个微卫星DNA座位, 并测定了其序列, 在此基础止设计了相应的PCR引物。这些座位能有效地应用于大熊猫的亲子鉴定。

懒猴属的核糖体DNA变异及其种间分化关系

用15种限制性内切酶和人28S、18S rDNA探针构建了懒猴属各物种核糖体DNA重复单位的限制性内切酶图谱。在进化速率较高的非转录间隔区, 在大、中、小獭猴中分别定位了23、24、24个酶切位点。结果表明, 懒猴属内似只有两个有效物种, 即大懒猴和小懒猴, 中懒猴与小懒猴的分化至多到半种级别。

DNA序列分析技术鉴定鸡内金的方法学研究

利用陈旧皮张的DNA提取技术从鸡内金、鸭内金中提取DNA,通过特异扩增DNA片段聚合酶链式反应,以线粒体DNA细胞色素b通用引物中的L14841和H15149为引用扩增DNA片段,将扩增后的DNA用双脱氧链终止法测定其序列,所得结果证明鸡内金与鸭内金两种DNA序列有明显差异,开创了将分子遗传学技术引入动物药材鉴定的先例。

冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)的随机扩增多态DNA及其遗传分化

冬虫夏草地理群体间存在着遗传分化,且地理群体间的遗传差异度与地理距离呈正相关。因此,RAPD作为有效的遗传标记,可用于研究冬虫夏草的遗传多样性、起源以及系统演化等。

福尔马林固定云南鲴的DNA提取及其细胞色素b基因序列分析

鱼类是脊椎动物中最原始而在种属数量又最占优势的一个类群. 其分布广泛, 起源复杂, 阐明其系统进化途径, 历来是令人感兴趣的课题. 随着分子生物学向经典分类学领域渗透, 现在已可以通过 DNA 序列的比较来探讨生物的系统发育. 对于鱼类, 已有不少学者作了尝试. 由于受技术的制约, 用以研究的材料, 常常都要求新鲜. 但由于自然环境的变迁和人类的过度捕捞, 许多在系统进化研究中有代表意义的物种, 已非常稀少, 甚至濒临灭绝, 这给获取新鲜标本, 造成困难, 而许多标本馆, 由于多年的积累, 收藏的标本较齐全, 且绝大多数保存于4%-10%的福尔马林中。

海南黄牛和徐闻黄牛线粒体DNA的多态性及其品种分化关系

以14种限制性内切酶分析来自海南岛的海南黄牛和雷州半岛的徐闻黄牛的线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性(mtDNA RFLP)。结果只有一种限制性内切酶(sal I)在海南黄牛中检测到多态性, 且其中的C型(15.0, 1.3)尚未见报道。结果还显示, 两个品种6个个体的mtDNA基因单倍型全部表现为A型, 即瘤牛的血统, 并表明两个品种的亲缘关系很近。

Molecular systematics of pikas (genus Ochotona) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

The phylogenetic relationships among worldwide species of genus Ochotona were investigated by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND4 genes. Parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of the sequence data yielded congruent results that strongly indicated three major clusters: the shrub-steppe group, the northern group, and the mountain group. The subgeneric classification of Ochotona species needs to be revised because each of the two subgenera in the present classification contains species from the mountain group. To solve this taxonomic problem so that each taxon is monophyletic, i.e., represents a natural clade, Ochotona could be divided into three subgenera, one for the shrub-steppe species, a second for the northern species, and a third for the mountain species. The inferred tree suggests that the differentiation of this genus in the Palearctic Region was closely related to the gradual uplifting of the Tibet (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau, as hypothesized previously, and that vicariance might have played a major role in the differentiation of this genus on the Plateau, On the other hand, the North American species, O. princeps, is most likely a dispersal event, which might have happened during the Pliocene through the opening of the Bering Strait. The phylogenetic relationships within the shrub-steppe group are worth noting in that instead of a monophyletic shrub-dwelling group, shrub dwellers and steppe dwellers are intermingled with each other. Moreover, the sequence divergence within the sister tars of one steppe? dweller and one shrub dweller is very low. These findings support the hypothesis that pikes have entered the steppe environment several times and that morphological similarities within steppe dwellers were due to convergent evolution. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

人类线粒体DNA世系的系统发育关系研究

本文以人类线粒体DNA为例,回顾了其系统发育关系的重建的研究历史,进而总结介绍了该分析方法在人类进化历史研究、线粒体DNA数据质量评估以及疾病相关线粒体DNA突变的甄别等方面的应用,以期对该方法在国内的推广应用有所裨益.

鮡科褶鮡属鱼类部分线粒体DNA序列分析与分子进化

采用PCR技术获得了中国鮡科褶鮡属(Pseudecheneis)5种鱼类及外群种类巨魾[Bagarius yarrelli(Sykes)]和红河纹胸鮡(Glyptothorax fukiensis honghensis Li)的线粒体部分基因序列.序列分析结果表明:间褶鮡(Pseudecheneis intermedius Chu)与平吻褶鮡(P.paviei Vaillant)在Cyt b基因片段上完全无差异,形成单倍型,支持间褶鮡应为平吻褶鮡的同物异名.凭Cyt b基因片段构建了它们的NJ,MP和ML分子树,3棵分子树基本一致,均支持褶鮡属构成一单系群;怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"不同样品分别聚在一起,但二水系的样品未能形成一单系;其他各种的不同样品均能分别聚在一起形成单系.怒江和伊洛瓦底江"黄斑褶鮡"的分类地位值得今后进一步研究.

Mitochondrial DNA D2loop Variation and Genetic Background of Brahman Cattle

对10 头原种婆罗门牛mtDNA D2loop 全序列912 bp 测序, 婆罗门牛遗传多样性丰富, 检测到的9 种单 倍型兼有瘤牛( B . indicus) 与普通牛( B . taurus) 的遗传背景, 核苷酸变异率为6125 % , 单倍型多态度为01978 ± 01054 , 核苷酸多态度为01014 30 ±01008 68。所有单倍型聚为明显的两大分支, 婆罗门牛的大部分单倍型为普通 牛单倍型类群, 并占绝对优势(90 %) , 仅Brah26 与亚洲瘤牛聚在一起, 属于亚洲瘤牛线粒体单倍型, 表明婆罗门 牛的确是集亚洲瘤牛、欧洲普通牛等优良特性于一身(易产犊、产肉性能好、耐热与体表寄生虫等) 的瘤牛品种之 一。育种学家引种瘤牛的目的是改善当地牛的生产力与适应性, 现代普通牛表现出明显又普遍的瘤牛渐渗现象。 对现代的瘤牛品种而言, 除亚洲瘤牛品种外, 普通牛对其他瘤牛品种育成的贡献同样高。支持瘤牛( B . indicus ) 为独立驯化、起源于印度次大陆的假说。