一种适应性多边软件过程Agent协商模型研究

软件过程建模是指对软件过程建立模型，并且对模型建立和模型执行提供自动化支持。软件过程建模技术为软件过程的描述、表示、执行、分析、跟踪、变更以及改进提供了方法和工具，从而为软件组织实现软件开发过程的管理和改进提供了有力的支持，对于保证软件组织的软件产品质量，提高开发效率具有重要的理论和实践价值。 软件过程的一个重要特征是极大地依赖于软件开发人员，当软件过程面临各种变化时，正是作为软件过程的主体——软件开发人员的及时反应和应对，使得软件过程能够灵活适应各种软件开发的实际和变化状况；忽视软件开发人员在软件过程中的核心作用，是目前大多软件过程建模方法不适用于软件企业实际应用的原因之一。Agent技术主要基于对人的观察，其已被认识到是软件过程建模领域的重要研究方向之一。然而，相关研究工作并没有很好地体现人在软件过程中的核心作用，其根本原因在于其所采用或关注的是单Agent技术，而非多Agent系统技术。以互联为背景的多Agent系统能够很好地刻画人类的社会性，因此，对于当前以全球性、分布式多点等为主要特点的软件过程而言，采用多Agent系统技术，关注软件过程中所涉及的实体之间的协商、协作、竞争、承诺等特性是将Agent技术应用于软件过程的研究重点。 本文提出一种适应性多边软件过程Agent协商模型AMNM-PA。AMNM-PA基于软件开发者为软件过程中的核心要素并且软件过程为这些核心要素之间的相互协同关系的观点，将软件开发建模描述为代表软件开发者的自治的软件过程Agent（简称过程Agent）之间的协商；在协商中，过程Agent能够在变化的环境下针对各种不同实际应用，以及根据对环境的感知和所拥有的知识，适应、灵活地确立彼此间的协同关系，即建立软件过程。 本文在组织上采用了从模型要素及其相互关系定义、模型要素具体描述到模型实现及验证的逻辑结构。首先，本文给出AMNM-PA的模型定义，对过程Agent的协商所涉及的协商要素及其相互之间的关系进行描述。其次，本文详细描述协商要素中的决策过程，即过程Agent在协商中进行决策所依据的协商策略选择方法及各种可选协商策略；并以决策过程为基础，提出一种多边适应性协商算法，以此给出基于AMNM-PA的适应性多边协商过程的基本算法。随后，本文详细描述了另一协商要素——协商规则，其解决了协商过程的离线和在线灵活性问题，从而为软件过程建模的灵活性提供了解决方案。最后，本文实现了基于AMNM-PA的协商系统，并在该系统的支持下进行了实验研究，验证了AMNM-PA能够在变化的环境中适应性地建立面向实际软件项目的软件过程，并且该软件过程所包含的个体利益能够得到均衡、整体利益较高；同时很好地支持了软件过程建立和执行的灵活性。

软件过程Agent的知识生成方法研究

软件开发过程的不可见是软件项目失败的主要原因之一。为了提高软件开发过程的可见性，研究人员从软件开发过程的表示、软件开发知识的管理和软件开发数据的挖掘等方面提出了相应理论、方法和工具，这些理论、方法和工具对提高软件过程的可见性提供了一定的帮助，但却都有自己的局限性，难以全面覆盖提高软件开发过程可见性的要素。 为此，我们需要进一步融合软件过程建模、知识管理和数据挖掘等领域各自的研究成果，探索一种不但支持从过程资产库提取知识，而且支持对这些知识进行描述和管理，同时还能将这些知识直接用于建立符合组织能力的软件过程模型，并可以根据该软件过程模型生成符合组织中人的能力的软件开发项目计划的完整方法，为提高软件开发过程的可见性提供全面、有力的支持，从而有效保障软件开发的质量和效率。 本文给出一种根据组织的软件过程资产库生成软件过程Agent知识的方法，该方法生成的软件过程Agent知识可被用于建立一种基于组织实体能力的软件过程模型。基于该方法，本文实现了一个软件过程Agent自动生成工具，该工具可以根据指定的软件过程资产库自动生成软件过程Agent实例及其知识。同时本文在应用实例研究中进行了实验验证，证明了该方法的有效性。 本文研究是对基于组织实体能力的软件过程建模方法的扩展和补充。该方法和基于组织实体能力的软件过程建模方法的集成，可有效支持根据组织过程资产库生成组织的软件开发知识并将这些知识进行描述，使其能够被用于建立符合组织能力的软件开发模型，并最终根据特定目标生成符合组织实际能力软件开发项目计划。

Numerical study on onset of oscillatory thermocapillary flow in rectangular liquid pool

Thermocapillary flow in a rectangular liquid pool of large Prandtl fluid (Pr = 105.6) is numerically studied in microgravity. Oscillatory thermocapillary flow arises when the imposed temperature difference between the sidewalls exceeds a critical value. The fluctuations of the oscillatory flow, accompanied by the propagation of the hydrothermal wave from the cold sidewall to the hot one, are much smaller than the time-averaged velocity and temperature fields. The corresponding disturbance cells arise in the centre of the liquid pool initially, and extend to the whole region with the increasing imposed temperature difference. The present study reveals the different characteristics of the oscillatory themocapillary flow in the rectangular liquid pool as compared to the cases in other configurations.

Pool Boiling on Wire in Microgravity - What Have We Learned

In the past years, steady pool boiling of degassed R113 on thin platinum wires has been studied systematically in our lab, including experiments in long-term microgravity aboard RS-22, in short-term microgravity in the Drop Tower Beijing / NMLC, and in normal gravity on the ground. Slight enhancement of nucleate boiling heat transfer is observed in microgravity, while dramatic changes of bubble behaviors are much evident. The value of CHF in microgravity is lower than that in normal gravity, but it can be predicted well by the Lienhard-Dhir correlation, although the dimensionless radius in the present case is far beyond its initial application range. The scaling of CHF with gravity is thus much different from the traditional viewpoint. Considering the influence of the Marangoni effects, the different characteristics of bubble behaviors in microgravity have been explained. A new bubble departure model has also been proposed, which can predict the whole observation both in microgravity and in normal gravity.

Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Microgravity Pool Boiling

Boiling is an extremely complicated and illusive process. Microgravity experiments offer a unique opportunity to study the complex interactions without external forces, such as buoyancy, which can affect the bubble dynamics and the related heat transfer. Furthermore, they can also provide a means to study the actual influence of gravity on the boiling. Two research projects on pool boiling in microgravity have been conducted aboard the Chinese recoverable satellites. Ground-based experiments both in normal gravity and in short-term microgravity in the Drop Tower Beijing and numerical simulations have also been performed. Steady boiling of R113 on thin platinum wires was studied with a temperature-controlled heating method, while quasi-steady boiling of FC-72 on a plane plate was investigated with an exponentially increasing heating voltage. It was found that the bubble dynamics in microgravity has a distinct difference from that in normal gravity, and that the heat transfer characteristic is depended upon the bubble dynamics. Lateral motions of bubbles on the heaters were observed before their departure in microgravity. The surface oscillation of the merged bubbles due to lateral coalescence between adjacent bubbles drove it to detach from the heaters. Slight enhancement of heat transfer on wires is observed in microgravity, while diminution is evident for high heat flux in the plate case.

Multi-agent的协作模型及其应用

本文从经济学和社会心理学角度出发 ,探讨了多种高级认知结构在社会活动中的作用 ,建立了多种高级认知结构的框架 ,研究了这些高级认知结构在多智能体代理系统环境中如何相互作用问题 ,并提出了三个系统模型来刻画这些相互作用。

Early effects of low dose C-12(6+) ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose C-12(6+) ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy C-12(6+) ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supematant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy C-12(6+) ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) C-12(6+) radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDL (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Separation of enantiomers of drugs by capillary electrophoresis with permethyl-gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral solvating agent

High-throughput screening is a promising new approach in analytical chemistry. Within the framework of an extended screening program (The German-Chinese Drug Screening Program), the enantioseparation of 86 drugs was investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis in the presence of the chiral solvating agent (CSA) octakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-gamma-cyclodextrin (TM-gamma-CD). By this means, 15 drugs could be separated into enantiomeric pairs. Approximate measures for the degree of interaction (migration retardation factor, R-m) and for the degree of enantiomer recognition (migration separation factors, alpha(m)) revealed intriguing patterns that were compared with those found for native gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD). Although there is a distinct influence of the analyte structure on the electrophoretic data, interpretation remains difficult. Most remarkably, permethylation of gamma-CD leads neither to a higher affinity nor to better chiral recognition, in contrast to the findings with alpha-CD.

基于过程Agent的人力资源调度方法

为了根据人力资源及项目信息进行资源调度,基于过程Agent的人力资源调度方法通过对软件过程中的人力资源建模,描述和定义了任务(目标)及联合体投标模型,并根据用户对目标的偏好生成调度计划,能够为软件企业在人力资源优化调度、项目进度安排等方面提供决策支持,进而提高软件企业的项目管理能力和资源利用效率。最后通过一个实例表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。

数据驱动的多Agent装备器材保障决策支持系统

为提高复杂网络环境和任务需求下器材保障的智能化水平,提出了一个数据驱动的多Agent器材保障决策支持系统DSS(decision support system),系统中的数据、模型以及Agent可分布在不同的网络节点上,高层Agent可由粒度更小的子Agent或Agent部件组合而成;系统中的各类智能Agent相互协作,共同完成异构数据集成、多维数据集构造、器材保障模型挖掘、复杂规划问题求解,以及保障方案自动生成等任务,从而有效降低了系统开发的难度,提高了Agent协作的灵活性。研究结果表明,该系统架构能够显著提升器材保障决策方案的质量和效率。