In vivo antioxidant activity of polysaccharide fraction from Porphyra haitanesis (Rhodephyta) in aging mice

Sulfated polysaccharide fraction F2 from Porphyra haitanesis (Rhodephyta) showed inhibitory effect on the in vitro lipid peroxidation. In the present study, the age-related changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in different organs in mice were investigated and the in vivo antioxidant effect of F2 in aging mice was checked. Increased endogenous lipid peroxidation and decreased TAOC were observed in aging mice. Intraperitoneal administration of F2 significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. F2 treatment increased TAOC and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in all the organs tested in aging mice. It is concluded that the sulfated polysaccharide fraction F2 can be used in compensating the decline in TAOC and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby reduces the risks of lipid peroxidation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fatty acids of some algae from the Bohai Sea

The fatty acid compositions of 22 species of marine macrophytes, belonging to the Ceramiales, Cryptonemiales, Nemalionales, Laminariales, Chordariales, Scytosiphonales, Desmarestiales, Dictyosiphonales, Fucales, Dictyotales and Ulvales and collected from the Bohai Sea, were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the Bohai Sea algae, in comparison with the same species from the Yellow Sea were found to be lower. Red algae had relatively high levels of the acids 16:0, 18:1(n-7), 18:1(n-9), 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6), and those examined were rich in C-20 PUFAs, these chiefly being arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The major FAs encountered in the Phaeophyta were 14:0, 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), 18:3(n-3), 18:4(n-3), 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3). C18PUFAs are of greater abundance in the brown algae than in the red algae examined. All three green algae from the Ulvales had similar fatty acid patterns with major components, 16:0, 16:4(n-3), 18:1(n-7), 18:2(n-6), 18:3(n-3), and 18:4(n-3). They contained 16:3(n-3) and more 16:4(n-3), were rich in C18PUFAs, chiefly 18:3(n-3) and 18:4(n-3) and had 18:1(n-7)/18:1 (n-9) ratios higher than 1. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sorption and desorption of lead (II) from wastewater by green algae Cladophora fascicularis

Biosorption is an effective method to remove heavy metals from wastewater. In this work, adsorption features of Cladophora fascicularis were investigated as a function of time, initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentrations, temperature and co-existing ions. Kinetics and equilibria were obtained from batch experiments. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. Adsorption equilibria were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was 198.5 mg/g at 298 K and pH 5.0. The adsorption processes were endothermic and the biosorption heat was 29.6 kJ/mol. Desorption experiments indicated that 0.01 mol/L Na(2)EDTA was an efficient desorbent for the recovery of Pb(II) from biomass. IR spectrum analysis suggested amido or hydroxy, C=O and C-O could combine intensively with Pb(II). (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biosorption of copper (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions by nonliving green algae Cladophora fascicularis: Equilibrium, kinetics and environmental effects

Biosorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by Cladophora fascicularis was investigated as a function of initial pH, initial heavy metal concentrations, temperature and other co-existing ions. Adsorption equilibriums were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities were 1.61 mmol/ g for Cu2+ and 0.96 mmol/ g for Pb2+ at 298K and pH 5.0. The adsorption processes were endothermic and biosorption heats calculated by the Langmuir constant b were 39.0 and 29.6 kJ/ mol for Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo- second order model. No significant effect on the uptake of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by co-existing cations and anions was observed, except EDTA. Desorption experiments indicated that Na(2)EDTA was an efficient desorbent for the recovery of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from biomass. The results showed that Cladophora fascicularis was an effective and economical biosorbent material for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Extraction of the polysaccharides from five algae and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro

The sulfated polysaccharides extracted from algae possess excellent antioxidant activities. In this study, we prepared five polysaccharides extracted from five algae including one brown alga Laminaria japonica. one red alga Porphyra haitanensis and three green algae Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha linza and Bryopsis plumose. And then the antioxidant activities of all the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and reducing power. The chemical analysis and FT-IR spectrum showed these extracts were polysaccharides. And in addition, we found that certain polysaccharide exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in certain antioxidant activity. Factors effecting and attributing to radical scavenging effect need to be further studied. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural studies on a novel fucogalactan sulfate extracted from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica

A low molecular weight fucogalactan, obtained from the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, was separated into three fractions (LF1, LF2 and LF3) by DEAE-Sepharose FF column chromatography. All three fractions contained predominantly fucose, sulfate group and galactose. The results showed that the main fraction LF2 consisted of L-fucose, D-galactose and sulfate at a molar ratio 6:1:9. Structural study on the LF2 was carried out by NMR spectroscopy. The backbone of LF2 was primarily (1 -> 3)-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues (75%) and a few (1 -> 4)-alpha-L-fucopyranose linkages (25%). The branch points were at C-4 of 3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues by beta-D-galactopyranose unites (35%, molar ratio) or at C-2 of 3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose residues by non-reducing terminal fucose unites (65%, molar ratio). Sulfate groups occupied at position C-4 or C-2, sometimes C-2, 4 to fucose residues, and C-3 and/or C-4 to galactose residues. The structure of LF2 was supposed as following: [GRAPHICS] (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.