含对硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯类液晶聚合物的超分子结构

利用ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜和广角Ｘ射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）等手段研究了含对硝基偶氮苯侧基的丙烯酸酯类均聚物ＨＰｎ（ｎ＝３，４．６）及其与丙烯酸的共聚物Ｐｎ（ｎ＝３，４，６，８）的相行为，结果表明：ＨＰ６可形成向列型液晶相，其相态特征可表示为：Ｔｇ，３０８．９Ｋ、ＴＫＮ３４２Ｋ、ＴＮＩ４０１Ｋ，ＨＰ３和ＮＰ４为非液晶聚合物；Ｐｎ可形成近晶型液晶相．ＷＡＸＤ结果指出其ｄ／ｌ介于１．４０～１．５４之间，故其液晶相具有ＳＡｄ型分子排布特征．对共聚物Ｐｎ的变温ＦＴＩＲ研究表明：Ｐｎ中存在着－ＣＯＯＨ和－ＮＯ２的氢键作用，使介晶基团之间的各向异性相互作用增强，有利于形成更加有序和稳定的近晶型液晶相．结合ＷＡＸＤ和ＦＴＩＲ的结果，给出了Ｐｎ液晶相的分子排布模型。

用快速低温冷冻和ESK方法分析兔脂肪栓塞脑组织中自由基

用快速低温冷冻－ＥＳＲ实验方法研究兔脂肪栓塞模型脑组织自由基的变化，实验发现脂肪栓塞实验组自由基相对浓度是正常对照组的２－３倍。ＥＳＲ检测到脂类过氧化自由基和以碳为中心的烷基类自由基的事实表明脂肪栓塞病变存在活性氧自由基作用过程。文中对快速冷冻法可行性进行评估。

Using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as a complement marker for species identification of red macroalgae

Barcodes based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (mtDNA CO1) sequences are being used for broad taxonomic groups of animals with demonstrated success in species identification and cryptic species discovery, but it has become clear that complementation by a nuclear marker system is necessary, in particular for the barcoding of plants. Here, we propose the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as a potentially usable and complementary marker for species identification of red macroalgae, as well as present a primary workflow for species barcoding. Data show that for most red macroalgal genera (except members of the family Delesseriaceae), the size of ITS region ranges from 600 to 1200 bp, and contains enough variation to generate unique identifiers at either the species or genus levels. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the ITS sequence can resolve closely related species with the same fidelity as mtDNA CO1. Significantly, we confirmed that length polymorphism in the ITS region (including 5.8S rRNA gene) can be utilized as a character to discriminate red macroalgal species. As a complementary marker, the verifiable nuclear ITS region can speed routine identification and the detection of species, advance ecological and taxonomic inquiry, and permit rapid and accurate analysis of red macroalgae.

海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站气候、植被生产力背景的分析

首先分析了中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站近40多年来气温、降水的变化特征;其次分析和总结近20年来海北高寒草甸生态系统不同植被类型分布及地上生物量;同时探讨了对气象条件影响牧草产量的机制及关系,以及高寒草甸植被对气候变暖的响应.本文的目的是为高寒草甸生态系统的结构、功能、能量流动及物质循环等研究,以及提高生物生产力途径模式的建立提供依据,也为从事海北站不同学科的研究工作提供气候及植被的背景情况.

Social and ecological influences on dispersal and philopatry in the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)

Benefits and costs of dispersal and philopatry of the social plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) were studied on the Tibetan plateau for 3 years. Although short-lived, plateau pikas live in cohesive family groups that occupy burrow systems in sedge meadow habitat Most (57.8%) plateau pikas were philopatric, and dispersal movements were extremely restricted. No juvenile females or adult pikas moved more than two family ranges between years; the greatest observed dispersal distances were by two juvenile males that moved five family ranges from the family of their birth. Traversing unfamiliar habitat was not a cost of pika dispersal because most dispersers settled in families that they could easily visit before dispersal. Dispersal movements appeared to result in equalization of density among pika families, an expected result if competition for environmental resources influenced dispersal. Males did not disperse to gain advantages in competition for mates, as evidenced by their moving to families with significantly fewer females. Females, however, moved to families with significantly more males. Males provide abundant paternal care, and significantly more offspring per female survived to become adults from families with more adult males per adult female. Evidence concerning the influence of inbreeding avoidance on natal dispersal was indirect. Some males exhibited natal philopatry; thus some families had opportunity for close inbreeding. Males and females that dispersed had no opposite-sex relatives in their new families. Philopatric pikas may have benefited by remaining in families that exhibited low local densities, and philopatric females might have benefited from social cooperation with relatives.

轮式移动机器人的自适应刚度控制

本文分析了轮式移动机器人运动过程中，关节与地面间的力矩扰动对机器人轨迹跟踪性能的影响，并采用自适应刚度控制方法减小轮式移动机器人运行时的车体加速度扰动，最后实验验证了该方法的有效性。

我国东南沿海城市地下建筑氡浓度分布

为了解东南沿海城市地下建筑氡浓度的分布，用固体核径迹法（SSNTD’s），分别在春、夏、冬3季对沿海7城市地下建筑室内氡浓度进行调查。结果表明，福州具有最高的平均氡浓度，上海的平均氡浓度最低。季节的变化对地下建筑室内氡浓度有影响，各城市氡浓度平均值夏季最高、冬季最低。各城市夏季氡浓度与该城市的年均值的比值与城市中各测点氡浓度之间的离散度有一定的相关性。夏季地下建筑室内氡浓度高的城市，它的平均氡浓度受某些具有高氡水平测点的影响大.

碳酸盐岩风化壳母岩的不均一性：来自粒度分析的证据

碳酸盐岩由于酸不溶物含量极低,在形成风化壳的过程中伴随巨大的体积缩小,形成1m厚的风化壳往往需要消耗原岩十几米至几十米。所以对于岩溶地区风化壳,尤其是厚层红色风化壳的机理研究中,母岩的均一性判别是必要的,是风化壳研究的基础。通过对贵州岩溶地区贵阳花溪、湖潮剖面和黔北遵义市新蒲剖面三个典型的残积风化壳的粒度分析表明,碳酸盐岩风化壳成土母岩的不均一性是客观存在的,从粒度分布特征给予了良好的指示。而不均一母岩上发育的风化壳的地球化学行为,也必然偏离建立在均一母岩前提下的风化壳的正常演化方向。此外,常作为表生环境下物源示踪的惰性元素比

赣杭构造带中西段中生代基性脉岩地球化学特征

赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%-53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）和重稀土元素（HREE）。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段（广丰）-中西段交接部（余江、东乡）-西段（永丰、峡江）的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大（（^87Sr/^86Sr）i为0.704 635-0.708 769,（^143Nd/^144Nd）i为0.512 173-0.512 758,εNd（t）为-6.8-＋5.6）,暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部（东乡、余江）及西段（峡江）为亏损地幔,而西段（永丰）和中段（广丰）为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段（永丰）受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关.