290 resultados para 6 dihydro 5


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Black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are endemic to the Trans-Himalayas in Northwest Yunnan and Southeast Tibet between the upper Yangtze and Mekong Rivers. Based on field surveys and previous reports, we identified the dark-coniferous forest, the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, and oak patches as suitable habitats (SH) for the monkeys. Summer grazing lands (SGL), which were made by local people cutting and burning the dark-coniferous forest at the high altitude belt, replaced SH. To have a general view of the status of the SH in Yunnan, we estimated the areas of SH and SGL from satellite images in 1997, and compared with areas estimated from aerial photo-based maps (ca. 1958). The work resulted in: 1) the area of SH was 4,169 km(2) in 1997; 2) SGL was 1,923 km(2); 3) during the past 40 years, the area of SH decreased by 31% (1,887 km(2)), and SGL increased by 204% (1,291 km(2)); and 4) the mean size of forest patches decreased from 15.6 to 5.4 km(2). In addition, the area of SGL is positively correlated to local human population (R-2 greater than or equal to0.53), implying that the reduction and fragmentation of habitat for Rhinopithecus bieti is a result of population growth of humans, who mostly employ traditional modes of production. Only 11 monkey groups remained in the changing habitat. Considering that forests at lower elevation were also encroached upon by farmlands in a similar way, the forest ecosystem is highly threatened. The destruction will continue unless there is a change in the mode of production in the region.

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Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd. integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gd. pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene (about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic. Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 in during the late Pliocene (about 2.6 MaBP).

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用磁珠富集法构建了长鳍吻鮈(AAAG)n富集文库,从中分离并鉴定得到13个微卫星位点。对三峡库区重庆江段的40尾长鳍吻鮈群体进行了遗传多样性的初步研究,其中6个位点呈现多态性(1个位点为中度多态,5个位点为高度多态),等位基因数目为4~11个,观测杂合度在0.20~0.85。这些多态性位点将为长鳍吻鮈及其近缘种的种群遗传研究提供有力的遗传学资料。

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1999年6月至2000年5月对武汉东湖铜锈环棱螺的种群生态学进行了周年研究.铜锈环棱螺年均密度和生物量分别为92.2ind./m2和142.83g/m2,密度和生物量的高峰分别出现在6月(157ind./m2)和11月(205.78g/m2);东湖铜锈环棱螺为一年一代,其一年中种群含有5个年龄组,其中1998年龄组占绝对优势.利用瞬时增长率法计算东湖铜锈环棱螺的周年生产量带壳湿重为91.56g/m2,去壳干重为5.32g/m2,P/B系数为0.64.同时研究了铜锈环棱螺的生产力动态变化,其生产量累积多数

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从滇池蓝藻水华集聚区分离获得一株溶藻细菌DC-L5,通过形态及16S rDNA测序分析鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌。用小白鼠进行生物安全实验,小白鼠无中毒症状。研究表明当细菌处于对数生长期时溶藻效果最强,共培养5d使铜锈微囊藻的叶绿素a含量下降83.33%,使惠氏微囊藻、绿色微囊藻、水华束丝藻和水华鱼腥藻4种蓝藻叶绿素a下降率最高为67.6%,最低为58.5%,平均为62.25%。离心沉降后,发现沉淀菌体和无菌上清液对铜锈微囊藻都有溶藻效果,但溶藻效果不及原菌液,推测DC-L5可能是通过直接接触使藻细胞凝聚下沉及进

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长江中下游流域是我国淡水贝类多样性最为集中的地区,然而由于人类活动的影响,淡水贝类已成为高度濒危的类群。为有效保护淡水贝类的多样性,我们于 2003 年 6 月-20055 月对长江中下游流域 13 个水体软体动物的多样性及分布进行了调查。共采集到软体动物 69 种(中国特有种 42 种),隶属于腹足类 9 科 14 属 29 种和瓣鳃类 5 科 17 属 40 种。其中,蚌科和田螺科是种类数最多的两个科,分别占总种类数的 50.7%和 14.5%。不同类型湖泊软体动物种类数的差别较大。通江湖泊所占

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描述了20056月月湖4个采样点沉积物不同形态氮含量、净硝化速率、净氮矿化速率与硝酸还原酶活性的垂直分布.亚表层(5-10cm)交换态NO3--N含量最高,而有效态氮与交换态NH4+-N含量最低,故具临界意义.有效态氮多以交换态NH4+-N的形式贮存于表层(0-5cm)与底层(>10cm),且底层含量较高,这种分布与缺氧状态有关.表层沉积物总氮和有机态氮含量、净硝化速率、净氮矿化速率与硝酸还原酶活性均高,间隙水中NH4+-N浓度亦取峰值,而溶解态NO3--N浓度最低,据此提出氮循环的基本过程:有机态氮经

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根据红鳍东方鲀生长激素基因全序列,设计13对引物,结合单链构象多态性(SSCP)技术和克隆测序技术对野生红鳍东方鲀、养殖红鳍东方鲀和养殖暗纹东方鲀群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:东方鲀整个生长激素基因的6个外显子中没有多态性,在其内含子2、内含子5以及3′侧翼区发现有多处序列变异位点,包括碱基的缺失、插入和一些单核苷酸突变。这些遗传多态性的存在为从分子水平上对东方鲀的鉴定提供了一定的依据。群体遗传结构分析结果表明,红鳍东方鲀养殖群体的一些等位基因丧失,造成其遗传多样性显著下降,应及早加强对其种质的保护

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2003年1月~2004年12月对三峡湖北库区江段5个采样点及其一级支流——香溪河流域6个采样点的浮游藻类进行了为期2周年的调查,共采集和鉴定浮游藻类定性和定量水样1 000余个,获得有效数据2 000多个。数据显示,蓄水前(2003年1月~2003年6月)、蓄水1周年(2003年6月~2004年5月)和蓄水1.5年(2004年6月~2004年12月)3个时间段之间,被调查水域的浮游藻类群落结构、细胞密度和水质状况均存在一定的差异。总体而言,藻类的群落结构干流江段以硅藻为主,绿藻次之;支流水域以绿藻占据首

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比较了三峡水库蓄水前后湖北库区干流江段及其主要支流的藻类生态特征及水质状况,结果显示,蓄水前(2002年12月至2003年6月)和蓄水后(2003年6月至2004年5月)三峡湖北库区江段藻类的群落结构和细胞密度存在明显差异。蓄水前共鉴定藻类7门66属79种,硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻分别占34.6%,38.5%和10.3%,其余藻类合计16.6%。蓄水后,藻类的总种类数增至151种,硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻所占比例依次为23.8%,55.0%和9.9%,其余藻类合计11.3%。藻类的细胞密度,蓄水前,干流平均272.6×1

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从长江支流泸州龙溪河收集野生厚颌鲂 ,直接或经驯养后进行人工繁殖 ,并对胚胎发育过程进行了描述 ,旨在为厚颌鲂资源的增殖与开发提供参考。 3次未催产的人工授精实验 1次成功 ,受精率 12 0 % ;16次催产试验共注射了 32尾雌鱼 ,平均催产率 6 2 5 % ;12次有效催产的平均受精率 6 2 1% ,孵化率 4 4 7%。每千克鱼注射 3mgPG +3ugLRH A2 ,可以获得较好的催产效果。胚胎发育过程可分为 18个时期 ,温度对发育进程具有显著的影响。

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报道了一种从团头鲂卵壳中提取卵壳蛋白的有效方法。该提取液经SDS PAGE电泳鉴定后 ,证明有三条主要的蛋白带 ,其分子量分别为 6 4KDa,5 6KDa和 5 2KDa ,借助于制备型SDS PAGE电泳和电洗脱分离纯化技术 ,获得了三种高纯度的卵壳蛋白。

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在复合垂直流构建湿地系统的源水中连续投加酞酸酯达一年之久 ,并对该系统基质中的微生物数量、酶活性(脲酶、磷酸酶、脱氢酶 )以及呼吸作用强度等各项指标进行了测定。结果表明下行流池微生物活性明显高于上行流池 ;实验系统中酞酸酯对微生物的生长没有表现出抑制作用 ,相反促进真菌类微生物的生长 ,其中真菌数量是对照系统的 4 65 5倍 ;实验系统中酶活与呼吸作用强度也比对照系统高出 1 0— 5 9倍 ;分别投加长链和短链酞酸酯的实验系统之间微生物数量差别不显著。从湿地生物膜的研究结果来看 ,生物膜量为 1—

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采用水泥池培育暗纹东方鱼屯鱼苗 ,研究不同发育阶段的培育密度、饵料转换、投饵量以及环境因子等对成活率的影响 ,并把土池育苗与水泥池育苗的优点相结合 ,解决了鱼屯苗后期培育易相残的难题 ,提出了一种工厂化育苗的方法。本实验投放仔苗 3万尾 (体长 0 2 8厘米~ 3厘米 ) ,4 0天后 ,出池鱼苗 2万尾 (体长 2 5厘米~ 3厘米 ) ,成活率高达 6 6 7% ,其中前期培育成活率 70 % ,后期培育成活率 95 %。

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1 997— 1 999年对鄱阳湖区渔业资源与环境进行了动态监测 ,统计渔获物 2 778kg,生物学测定 1 62 7尾 ,采集到鱼类 1 2 2种 ,隶属于 1 2目 2 1科 77属 ,其中鲤科鱼类种类最多 ,计 65种 ,占 5 3.3%。湖区渔获物个体偏小 ,以 1— 2龄鱼为主 ,鲤、鲫基本上是当年鱼。鄱阳湖现有鲤、鲫产卵场 33处 ,主要分布在湖区东、南、西部 ,年均有效产卵面积 61 6.66km2 ,年均产卵量5 6.85亿。鄱阳湖区湖口、蛤蟆石、星子、康山水域湖水的pH、COD、Cr+