土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态对比研究:以内蒙古自治区为例

内蒙古是我国土壤风力侵蚀较为严重的地区之一,同时也是我国土地利用方式剧烈变化的地区之一。依据两期土地利用数据以及相应年代的土壤风力侵蚀数据,研究了20世纪90年代末期内蒙古自治区土地利用和风力侵蚀的静、动态格局。根据土地利用和风力侵蚀的空间分布及动态变化特点,设计了内蒙古土地利用—风力侵蚀动态区划,基于该区划详细讨论了内蒙古不同地区占主导地位的土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态,由此揭示了两者之间存在的驱动——被驱动关系。研究发现,在20世纪90年代末期,内蒙古土地利用和风力侵蚀的基本格局没有太大变化,但风力侵蚀强度在总体上增强了;土地利用的变化主要反映为草地的退化和耕地的扩张。土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态有着良好的时空对应关系:草地的退化与耕地的扩张导致了显著的风力侵蚀增强,而草地的改善以及耕地的收缩对风力侵蚀的影响不如前者明显,这表明了土地利用动态对风力侵蚀动态正、反向驱动的不平衡性。

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饮茶型氟铝联合中毒研究

目的探讨饮茶型氟中毒是否为砖茶型氟铝联合中毒。方法对饮茶型氟中毒病区进行饮水、砖茶、奶茶、主食、副食及牧民发、血、尿氟铝水平检测,对饮茶型氟中毒病区儿童和成人进行临床检查和拍摄X线片,同时对成人进行血液生物化学检查,以饮水型病区及非病区居民为对照组。结果呼伦贝尔市饮茶型病区饮水、主食、副食氟铝水平均在正常范围,砖茶氟铝水平分别为(541.3±48.8)、(4351±724)mg/kg,奶茶氟铝水平分别为(3.83±0.73)、(4.28±1.56)mg/L。饮水型病区饮水氟铝水平分别为(3.68±1.05)、(0.45±0.25)mg/L。饮茶型病区牧民氟总摄入量96.15%、铝总摄入量89.60%来源于砖茶。儿童氟斑牙检出率饮茶型病区为25.24%,饮水型病区为63.17%,饮茶型病区非常显著低于饮水型病区(P<0.01);成人氟中毒检出率饮茶型病区为42.61%,饮水型病区为28.83%,饮茶型病区显著高于饮水型病区(P<0.01)。结论呼伦贝尔市饮茶型氟中毒发病机理较为复杂,可能是砖茶型氟铝联合中毒。

Identification of Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Plant Extract of Plantago asiatica L. by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The present work describes a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method for rapid identification of phenylethanoid glycosides in plant extract from Plantago asiatica L. By using a binary mobile phase system consisting of 0.2% acetic acid and acetonitrile under gradient conditions, a good separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C-18 column. The [M-H](-) ions, the molecular weights, and the fragment ions of phenylethanoid glycosides were obtained in the negative ion mode using LC-ESI-MS. The identification of the phenylethanoid glycosides (peaks 1-3) in the extract of P. asiatica L. was based on matching their retention time, the detection of molecular ions, and the fragment ions obtained by collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments with those of the authentic standards and data reported in the literature.

In Situ Preparation and Luminescent Properties of CeF3 and CeF3:Tb3+ Nanoparticles and Transparent CeF3:Tb3+/PMMA Nanocomposites in the Visible Spectral Range

CeF3 and CeF3:Tb3+ nanoparticles were prepared by reverse microemulsion with a functional monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), as the oil phase, and CeF3:Tb3+/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were obtained via polymerization of the MMA monomer. The nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/vis transmission spectra, photoluminescence excitation, and emission spectra and luminescence decays. The well-crystallized CeF3 and CeF3:Tb3+ nanoparticles are spherical with a mean diameter of 15 nm. They show the characteristic emission of Ce3+ 5d-4f (313 nm, D-2-F-2(5/2); 323 nm, D-2-F-2(7/2)) and Tb3+ D-5(4)-F-7(J) (J = 6-3, with D-5(4)-F-7(5) green emission at 541 nm as the strongest one) transitions, respectively.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal property of a novel supramolecular assembly: (NH42810424)(CHNO) O-[H(V)O(]2H)4(10)28(2), constructed from decavanadate and caffeine

A novel 3D supramolecular assembly constructed from decavanadate and caffeine building blocks, (NH4)(2)(C8H10N4O2)(4)[H4V10O28].2H(2)O (1), has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 NMR, V-51 NMR, TG-DTA, and single crystal X-Ray diffraction. The compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n, a = 15.801(1) Angstrom, b = 12.914(1) Angstrom, c = 15.913(2) Angstrom, beta = 113.55degrees, V = 2976.4 (5) Angstrom(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0498 with 6818 reflections. Water molecules, ammonium ions, and caffeine act as "cement" linking the polyanions into 1D chain along the c-axis by hydrogen bonding. In compound 1, extensive hydrogen-bond contacts and strong pi-pi interactions lead to an ordered 3D supramolecular framework. TG-DTA curves indicate that the weight loss of the complex can be divided into three stages.

Manipulation of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis for iodide and iodate

Manipulation of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis is an important step for separation of inorganic anions. The type. and concentration of electroosmotic flow modifier (OFM) exert a tremendous influence on the electroosmotic mobility. In the presence of CTAB as buffer solutions' pH values increase, the electroosmotic mobility becomes lower. At the same ionic strength, the buffer type affects the electroosmotic velocity and the migration order for iodide and iodate.

The synthesis of a 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol-based bis(ether anhydride) and aromatic polyimides derived therefrom

2,2'-Bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl dianhydride was used as a new monomer with various aromatic diamines to obtain polyimides by the usual two-step method. The bis(ether anhydride) was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution of I,1'-bi-2-naphthol with N-phenyl-4-chlorophthalimide, N-methyl-4-nitrophthalimide or 4-nitrophthalonitrile in aprotic polar solvent, and subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting bis(ether imide)s or bis(ether dinitrile), and then dehydration of the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid to afford the dianhydride. Most of the obtained polyimides were soluble in chloroform, pyridine, DMF, etc. The polyimide prepared from p-phenylene diamine was partial crystalline, whereas the others showed amorphous patterns in a WAXD study. These polymers have glass transition temperatures between 255-294 degrees C and 5% weight loss temperatures in the range of 502-541 degrees C in nitrogen and 473-537 degrees C in air. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Thermal, mechanical and ionic conductive behaviour of gamma-radiation induced PEO/PVDF(SIN)-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte system

An effort has been made to modify the mechanical behaviour of our previously reported gel-type gamma-radiation crosslinked polyethylene oxide (PEO)-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte. A highly polar and gamma-radiation crosslinkable crystalline polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), was selected to blend with PEO and then subjected to gamma-irradiation in order to make an simultaneous interpenetrating network (SIN), which was used as a polymer host to impart stiffness to the plasticized system. Experimental results have shown that the presence of PVDF in the system, through gamma-radiation induced SIN formation, could not only give a rather high mechanical modulus of 10(7) Pa at ambient temperature, but also maintain the room temperature ionic conductivity at a high level (greater than 10(-4) S/cm). DSC, DMA and conductivity measurement techniques were used to examine the effects of blending, gamma-irradiation and plasticization on the variations of glass transition and melting endotherm, on the appearance of high elastic plateau and on the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity: In addition, it was found that, in contrast with the unplasticized system, the ionic conductivity mechanism of this gel-type electrolyte seems to conform to the Arrhenius model, suggesting that, as a result of the high degree of plasticization, the polymer chains act mainly as the skeleton of the networks or polymer cages to immobilize the liquid electrolyte solution, whereas the ionic species migrate as if they were in a liquid medium. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Studies on organolanthanide complexes .58. Syntheses of 1,1'-(3-oxa-pentamethylene)dicyclopentadienyl divalent organolanthanides (Ln=Sm, Yb) and X-ray molecular structure of O(CH2CH2C5H4)(2)Yb(DME)

The compounds O(CH2CH2C5H4)(2)Ln(THF)(2) [Ln = Sm(1), Yb(2)] were synthesized by the reduction of O(CH2CH2C5H4)(2)LnCl with sodium metal in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature. Recrystallization of 2 from dimethoxyethane (DME) produced the single-crystal O(CH2CH2C5H4)(2)Yb(DME) (3) whose structure has been determined by an X-ray diffraction study. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pcab, with a = 14.168(4), b = 13.541(6), c = 19.314(8) Angstrom, Z = 8, D-calc. = 1.66 g cm(-3).

KINETIC-STUDY OF ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AT IRON(III) PORPHYRIN MODIFIED GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE IN ALKALINE-MEDIUM USING THE ROTATION-SCAN METHOD

Reduction of hydrogen peroxide at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with sigma-bonded pyrrole iron(III) octaethylporphyrin complex, (OEP)Fe(Pyr), was studied by cyclic voltammetry and a rotating disk electrode. In 0.1N NaOH solution, it is shown that such an (OEP)Fe(Pyr)/GC electrode has a significant catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction (E(D) = -0.80 V, k = 0.066 cm s(-1)); however, the electrode stability is low. The deactivation is observed when the reaction charge (Q) is passing through the (OEP)Fe(Pyr)/GC disk electrode. A linear rotation scan method is applied to study the kinetic process by determining the disk electrochemical response (i(D)) to rotation rate (omega) at a definite disk potential (E(D)). Considering that the number of adsorbed electroreduced catalyst molecules (Red) varies according to the disk potential, a factor theta(= Gamma(Red)/(Gamma(Red) + Gamma(Ox))) is introduced to describe the electrode surface area fraction for electroreduced species. The obtained Koutecky-Levich equation is applicable whatever the potential is.

降温速率对高密度聚乙烯在全同立构聚丙烯上附生结晶的影响

用欠焦电子显微术和电子衍射技术研究了降温速率对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）在全同立构聚丙烯（ｉＰＰ）上附生结晶的影响．ＨＤＰＥ在高取向ｉＰＰ基质膜上的附生生长仅发生在ＨＤＰＥ与ｉＰＰ的直接接触面上，存在一临界附生层厚度，超出这一厚度的ＨＤＰＥ与ｉＰＰ无取向附生关系．降温速率不影响附生层内的ＨＤＰＥ与ｉＰＰ的附生结构关系，但对ｉＰＰ基质膜上附生生长的ＨＤＰＥ的厚度，即ＨＤＰＥ的临界附生层厚度有明显影响．在缓慢降温（０．５℃／ｍｉｎ）条件下，ＨＤＰＥ在ｉＰＰ上的附生层厚度约为１００ｎｍ．而室温空气降温条件下，ＨＤＰＥ在ｉＰＰ上的附生层厚度则为２５０ｎｍ．

铕-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮-氯化甲基三烷基铵-异辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇体系荧光分光光度法测定痕量铕

本文首次提出了Eu~(3+)-TTA-N_(263)-异辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇(Triton X-100)体系的荧光分光光度法测定铕。在此最佳条件下铕的测定下限可达0.9ng/ml,并可允许存在一定量的其它共存稀土离子。该法用于测定包头混合稀土氧化物中的痕量铕,获得较满意的结果。