Circa AD 626 volcanic eruption；climatic cooling；and the collapse of the Eastern Turkic Empire

IEECAS SKLLQG

SFC轴向注入线上的线性聚束器

SFC轴向注入线采用了一个双间隙漂移管式聚束器和一个单间隙栅网型聚束器，分别采用三角波和锯齿波的聚束波形。采用充放电式的高频电压发生器可以得到要求的聚束电压。这两台聚束器采用半频聚束模式，可以将两台回旋加速器的理论纵向匹配效率在所有工作模式下都提高到100％．

p53基因转导联合重离子辐射引起小鼠黑色素瘤细胞生长抑制及其机制的探讨

为了将放射治疗与基因治疗有机结合起来以寻求有效治疗恶性黑色素瘤的方法，采用了AdCMV-p53（AdCMV-GFP）转染B16细胞联合重离子（或X－射线）辐照的方法，观察辐射对基因转移效率的影响、外源性P53蛋白对重离子辐照诱导肿瘤细胞生长抑制和辐射增敏作用，以及外源性P53蛋白对重离子辐照诱导肿瘤细胞内蛋白表达的变化，现将本工作结果总结如下： 1.重离子照射可增加腺病毒载体介导p53基因转导效率，而且先转染后辐照法比先辐照后转染法能更显著的地增加基因转导效率。这样在最大限度提高基因转导效率的基础之上，同时又可以减少病毒使用量及辐照剂量。 2.p53基因转导联合重离子辐照能明显抑制细胞生长，诱导细胞凋亡，促进G0/G1期细胞阻滞。说明外源性野生型p53基因导入联合辐照可增加黑色素瘤细胞系B16的辐射敏感性。 3.重离子照射比X-射线照射能更明显增加腺病毒载体介导p53基因转导效率和G0/G1期细胞所占比例，可能是由于两种射线能量沉积的方式不同造成的。 4.重离子辐照联合p53基因转导诱导B16细胞中细胞信号通路发生变化，使得P53和P21表达明显增多，同时MDM2表达随时间而减少。推测导入的p53基因联合重离子辐照改变细胞内信号通路，从而诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期阻滞

Chemisorption and reaction characteristics of methyl radicals on Cu(110)

Methyl radicals are generated by pyrolysis of azomethane, and the condition for achieving neat adsorption on Cu(110) is described for studying their chemisorption and reaction characteristics. The radical-surface system is examined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. It is observed that a small fraction of impinging CH3 radicals decompose into methylene possibly on surface defect sites. This type of CH2 radical has no apparent effect on CH3(ads) surface chemistry initiated by dehydrogenation to form active CH2(ads) followed by chain reactions to yield high-mass alkyl products. All thermal desorption products, such as H-2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H6, are detected with a single desorption peak near 475 K. The product yields increase with surface coverage until saturation corresponding to 0.50 monolayer of CH3(ads). The mass distribution is, however, invariant with initial CH3(ads) coverage, and all desorbed species exhibit first-order reaction kinetics. LEED measurement reveals a c(2 x 2) adsorbate structure independent of the amount of gaseous exposure. This strongly suggests that the radicals aggregate into close-packed two-dimensional islands at any exposure. The islanding behavior can be correlated with the reaction kinetics and is deemed to be essential for the chain propagation reactions. Some relevant aspects of the CH3/Cu(111) system are also presented. The new results are compared with those of prior studies employing methyl halides as radical sources. Major differences are found in the product distribution and desorption kinetics, and these are attributed to the influence of surface halogen atoms present in those earlier investigations.

放牧和封育条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落土壤种子库特征

以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象,对比分析了放牧干扰和不同封育年限下土壤种子库特征。结果表明:①放牧和封育样地土壤种子库均以一年生植物为主,物种丰富度没有明显差异;②放牧样地土壤种子库密度为(3 475±519)粒/m2,封育6年和封育12年样地土壤种子库密度分别为(20 241±1 714)粒/m2和(28 777±3 946)粒/m2,显著高于放牧样地;③Shannon-W iener多样性指数、S impson多样性指数和P ielou均匀度指数在放牧样地分别为1.36,0.68和0.56,并随着封育年限的增加而降低;④放牧和封育样地土壤种子库主要分布于0~2 cm的土壤表层,封育样地各层的种子库密度均显著高于放牧样地;⑤放牧和封育样地土壤种子库均为聚集分布,但放牧样地种子库的空间异质性高于封育样地。

风沙半干旱区春玉米水肥耦合产量效应研究初报

采用312-D最优饱和设计,开展了春玉米水肥耦合作用田间试验研究。结果表明,在试验年施氮量对产量影响最大,灌溉量次之,施磷量最小。两因子耦合的产量效应类型不同,氮与磷耦合以及磷与水耦合为相互替代作用,而氮与水耦合为相互促进作用,且耦合作用效应大小顺序为氮与磷耦合>磷与水耦合>氮与水耦合。获得最高产量9374.0kg/hm2的施氮量为281.7kg/hm2、施磷量为127.1kg/hm2、灌溉量为75.2mm。获得最高利润6023.5元/hm2的施氮量为211.2kg/hm2、施磷量为110.5kg/hm2、灌溉量为24.1mm。

长期轮作施肥对土壤固定态铵释放动力学的影响研究

土壤中的固定态铵和水溶性铵、代换性铵之间处于动态平衡状态[1] 。作物吸收后 ,两种形态的铵或淋失、硝化促使土壤中固定态铵的释放。有研究表明 ,好气条件下 ,通过硝化培养 ,不同待培土壤 6周可释放出 6 %～ 88% (新固定态铵 ) [2 ] 。培养 4个月期间 ,固定态铵的平均释放为 2 0 %。固定态铵必须释放出来才能被作物吸收利用。固定态铵释放动力学研究有助于进一步揭示其释放机制及生物有效性。本研究在长期试验的基础上 ,对不同轮作施肥系统土壤的固定态铵释放动力学特征进行研究。1　材料与方法1 1　试验设计长期试验位于陕西长武县十里铺南 1ｋｍ处未进行灌溉的旱作农耕地上 ,1984年开始进行。土壤为黄盖黑垆土 ,耕层土壤有机质含量为 8 9ｇ/ｋｇ ,全Ｎ含量为 0 8ｇ/ｋｇ ,有效Ｐ含量为 2 8ｍｇ/ｋｇ。该地区气候温和 ,降雨量为 584 1ｍｍ。1997年秋 ,在选择的 5个处理区采样 ,即 :裸地、粮草 8年轮作 (苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 马铃薯 小麦 小麦 小麦 )、粮草 3年轮作 (红豆草 小麦 小麦 )、粮饲豆 4年轮作 (豌豆 小麦 小麦 玉米 )、玉...

The temporal and spatial evaluation on China's agricultural policy output since 1978

Since reform and opening up, how much contribution has China's implementation of new agricultural policy made to agricultural output? This paper is trying to establish an agricultural policy output econometric model for doing a quantitative analysis of China's new agricultural policy. The results show that China's agricultural policies on agricultural output have an average contribution rate of about 7% since 1978, which is consistent with the OECD's basic forecast. There are obvious temporal and spatial differences. Generally speaking, we can divide the contribution of agricultural policy into three periods, which are the start-up phase from 1978 to 1991 (14 years), the stationary phase from 1992 to 2002 (11 years) and the rising phase from 2003 to 2008 (6 years). In space, the contribution of agricultural policy underwent a process from the all-low in the start-up phase, the gradual increase in the stationary phase to the all-high in the rising phase. Northern and western regions are more sensitive to policies. There are three major factors that can affect the contribution of regional agricultural policies, which are the process of national industrialization strategy, terrain and the level of local finance.

Crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics of melt-spun Ti-Zr-Ni-La alloys

Ti-based icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) exhibited excellent hydrogen storage property for special structure. Unfortunately, the application as the negative electrode material of the nickel-metal hydride batteries was limited due to the poor electrochemical kinetics. Meanwhile, rare-earth element was beneficial to the electrochemical properties of Ti, Zr-based alloy.