鱼类饲养对地下水中溶解态磷酸酶的影响

比较了鱼类养殖前后 ,地下水中正磷酸盐 (o P)浓度、碱性磷酸酶活性 (APA)在不同大小颗粒之间的分布、溶解态APA对pH、温度、CuSO4、ZnSO4、EDTA 2Na与表面活性剂 (CTAB与TritonX 10 0 )的应答方式及其动力学特征。养鱼之后 ,玻璃缸水中碱性磷酸酶表现出明显较高的活性 ,且以溶解态为主要存在形式 ,这种效应与鱼类的品种有关 ,溶解态APA的最大反应速度 (Vmax)与米氏常数 (Km)均明显提高 ,最适温度与pH值以及对于Zn2 + 的应答方式亦发生明显改变 ,颗粒结

淡水生态系统中的复杂性问题

淡水生态系统中的复杂性问题 ,可由水体类型的复杂性 ,水体形成的复杂性 ,水生生物的多样性 ,以及生态系统结构、功能的复杂性和格局、过程的复杂性 ,流域影响的复杂性 ,人类干扰的复杂性等构成 .简要介绍了中国淡水生态学研究的某些进展与动态 ,并针对淡水生态学研究所面临的主要问题———湖泊富营养化和蓝藻水华上暴发的相关研究作了介绍 ;结合国际生态学研究的最新动态 ,还探讨了淡水生态学研究可能的发展方向 .淡水生态系统复杂性研究可能取得的进展有如下几个方面 :RCC (rivercontinuumconcep

香溪河水质空间分布特性研究

运用聚类分析和主成分分析对香溪河 19个样点水质的理化特性进行研究 .聚类分析表明 ,根据各采样点之间水质组分的相似性可将香溪河大致分为 3个河段 ,分别属于不同的亚流域 ,各亚流域间的特征差异显著 .对各河段水质的主成分分析表明 ,上述 3河段的主要水质信息差异很大 ,第 1河段 (在河流上游 )水质的信息主要体现为总碱度和硬度 ,第 2河段 (河流中游 )主要体现为可溶性磷酸盐、总磷和氯离子 ,第 3河段 (河流下游 )则为 pH、亚硝酸盐氮、总氮和COD .文中结合香溪河流域地理环境背景 ,探讨了香

四株草鱼呼肠孤病毒毒株的细胞感染特性比较研究

本文首次对低温保存的三株草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV873 、GCRV875、GCRV876与新分离的GCRV991毒株进行了细胞培养与病毒感染特性等比较研究。结果表明 ,GCRV873 、GCRV875、GCRV876在 - 30℃保存 10年后仍然具有一定的感染性 ,其滴度均在 10 2 TCID50 /mL以上 ,略低于从病鱼组织分离的GCRV991毒株的滴价。经传代培养后 ,四株GCRV的毒力逐渐升高 ,并趋于稳定 ;当感染复数 (MOI)为 0 .0 5PFU/cell时 ,测定四株GCRV的滴度均高

洪湖及其周围三种湖相粘土的微结构特征与沉积环境

在江汉平原濒临长江北岸的洪湖及其周围的土壤中 ,分别取得沉积物柱状钻孔样品和土壤剖面样品 ,用偏光显微镜和电子显微镜观察了 2 .5kaBP以来形成的三种湖相粘土的微结构特征 ,并以此解释的其成因和沉积环境 .0 .9- 2 .5kaBP期间形成的青色粘土的典型微结构有 :凝胶结构、细颗粒粒径和小孔隙、矿物颗粒低圆度和淡水中心冈硅藻等生物框架结构 .主要是有机质胶体与粘土胶体相互作用形成的 .此期间 ,河流带入湖泊的泥沙少 ,洪湖拥有一个开阔、稳定、浮游生物较多的淡水湖泊环境 .0 .4 5 - 1kaB

武汉东湖不同湖区底泥总磷含量及变化的研究

以武汉东湖为对象 ,研究了 1 998.0 3— 1 999.0 2期间不同营养水平湖区底泥中 (0—5cm ,5— 1 0cm)总磷的含量及季节动态。 6个站平均总磷含量为 1 .1 5mg/g ,同 80年代初相比 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ站底泥中总磷含量分别增高 1 .42倍和 1 .0 3倍。受污水排放影响较重的 0站磷含量高达 2 .78mg/g,而受污水排放影响较小的Ⅳ、Ⅴ站仅分别为 0 .52mg/g和 0 .50mg/g。东湖底泥中磷年平均含量与湖水中磷年平均浓度相关系数极高 (r=0 .997,n =5

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况

鱼类病原菌耐药质粒的研究概况李爱华王伟俊（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２自５０年代起，许多国家仿照畜牧业上的做法，广泛使用化学治疗药物来防治鱼类疾病。其后果不可避免地导致耐药菌的出现。早在１９５７年，美国就观察到由耐磺胺药的Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎ...

六种固氮蓝藻提取液对玉米的促长作用和提取液成分比较

本文用六种固氮蓝藻的提取液处理玉米种子，同时对其提取液氨基酸组成和碳水化合物与维生素Ｂ１２的含量进行了分析。结果表明固氮鱼腥藻ＨＢ６８６（ＡｎａｂａｅｎａａｚｏｔｉｃａＨＢ６８６）、球孢鱼腥藻ＨＢ１０１７（Ａ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃａＨＢ１０１７）、多变鱼腥藻ＨＢ１０５８（Ａ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓＨＢ１０５８）和小单歧藻ＨＢＴＴ（ＴｏｌｙｐｏｔｈｒｉｘｔｅｎｕｉｓＨＢＴＴ）的提取液中氨基酸、碳水化合物和维生素Ｂ１２的含量高于鱼腥藻ＳＰ．ＨＢ１０４２（Ａｎａｂａｅｎａｓｐ．ＨＢ１０４２）和繁育管链藻ＨＢ３８（Ａｕ

鱼类复殖吸虫三新种记述

鱼类复殖吸虫三新种记述冯伟，王伟俊（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）关键词复殖吸虫新种，牛首科，同盘科，发状科，鱼类寄生吸虫作者在整理鱼类寄生复殖吸虫中，发现有３个分属于牛首科、同盘科和发状科的种类，经鉴定为新种，现分别描述如后。模式标本...

制约蓝藻种群的生态因子

藻类和微生物作为水体生态系统中的成员,它们之间的相互影响是关系生态平衡不容忽视的重要因素之一。本文报道了不同类型的11株抑制或溶解蓝藻的微生物,描述了它们的溶藻特点及其它生物学特性。它们在分类上分别属于粘球菌、溶解杆菌、屈挠杆菌、鞘丝菌、芽孢杆菌及链霉菌等6个属,其中包括直孢鞘丝菌、中华屈挠杆菌两个本文作者发表的新种。鞘丝菌能溶藻是第一次记载。研究结果进一步揭示了对蓝藻起制约作用的微生物类群的多样性;为了解此类生态系统中微生物类群提供了新的信息。

双季晚稻田大面积放养固氮蓝藻的试验

通过晚稻田大面积放养固氮蓝藻试验,我们初步提出了土池大量培养和茬口田大面积生产藻种等一系列的培养和生产藻种的技术措施;生产了30吨的鲜藻种接种到晚稻田中。经过加强管理,先锋大队990亩晚稻田全部养藻化。接种的藻生长旺盛,平均产量达到1000斤/亩以上。抽样测产估计,晚稻田中鲜藻量达到500吨。晚稻田养藻使水稻增产约10%,个别达到20%以上。因此,晚稻田放养固氮蓝藻为晚稻开辟了新的有希望的肥源。

Field and experimental studies on the combined impacts of cyanobacterial blooms and small algae on crustacean zooplankton in a large, eutrophic, subtropical, Chinese lake

Field and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the combined impacts of cyanobacterial blooms and small algae on seasonal and long-term changes in the abundance and community structure of crustacean zooplankton in a large, eutrophic, Chinese lake, Lake Chaohu. Seasonal changes of the crustacean zooplankton from 22 sampling stations were investigated during September 2002 and August 2003, and 23 species belonging to 20 genera were recorded. Daphnia spp. dominated in spring but disappeared in mid-summer, while Bosmina coregoni and Ceriodaphnia cornuta dominated in summer and autumn. Both maximum cladoceran density (310 ind. l(-1)) and biomass (5.2 mg l(-1)) appeared in autumn. Limnoithona sinensis, Sinocalanus dorrii and Schmackeria inopinus were the main species of copepods. Microcystis spp. were the dominant phytoplankton species and formed dense blooms in the warm seasons. In the laboratory, inhibitory effects of small colonial Microcystis on growth and reproduction of Daphnia carinata were more remarkable than those of large ones, and population size of D. carinata was negatively correlated with density of fresh large colonial Microcystis within a density range of 0-100 mg l(-1) (r = -0.82, P < 0.05). Both field and experimental results suggested that seasonal and long-term changes in the community structure of crustacean zooplankton in the lake were shaped by cyanobacterial blooms and biomass of the small algae, respectively, i.e., colonial and filamentous cyanobacteria contributed to the summer replacement of dominant crustacean zooplankton from large Daphnia spp. to small B. coregoni and C. cornuta, while increased small algae might be responsible for the increased abundance of crustacean zooplankton during the past decades.

Observations on behavior and ecology of the Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) group at Tian-e-Zhou Oxbow of the Yangtze River

The authors made 39 surveys (a total of 161 days) in the Tian-e-Zhou Oxbow of the Yangtze River, China, for observing 13 Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) captured from the main stream of the Yangtze River and 7 juveniles born in the oxbow from January 1997 to July 2000. The animals were usually divided into several "core" groups and moved around in shallow, muddy-bottom areas with the largest individual in the lead. Each core group was composed of 2-3 animals (either 2 adults, 1 adult and 1 juvenile, 2 adults and 1 juvenile, or 2 adults and 1 calf). Newly-released animals joined the other animals first, and then reorganized their own groups one or two days later. Average breath interval was 34.4 s (+/- s.d. 4.39) for individuals in the group. The animals mated from May through June and gave birth during the second and last ten days of April of the next year. The gestation period was estimated as 310 - 320 days. Calves over 5 months old began to eat small fish. The distance of calves swimming apart from their suspected mothers increased each month. These findings will help in the management of the reserve to protect this unique freshwater porpoise.

Small SiGe quantum dots obtained by excimer laser annealing

In this paper, we obtain SiGe quantum dots with the diameters and density of 15-20 nm and 1.8 x 10(11) cm(-2), respectively, by 193 nm excimer laser annealing of Si0.77Ge0.23 strained films. Under the excimer laser annealing, only surface atoms diffusion happens. From the detailed statistical information about the size and shape of the quantum dots with different annealing time, it is shown that the as-grown self-assembled quantum dots, especially the {105}-faceted dots, are not stable and disappear before the appearance of the laser-induced quantum dots. Based on the calculation of surface energy and surface chemical potential, we show that the {103}-faceted as-grown self-assembled quantum dots are more heavily strained than the {105}-faceted ones, and the heavy strain in the dot can decrease the surface energy of the dot facets. The formation of the laser-induced quantum dots, which is also with heavy strain, is attributed to kinetic constraint. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.