四种牛首科吸虫染色体的观察

作者对四种牛首科吸虫的染色体进行了观察和相对长度的测量。结果显示，■假扇盘吸虫的染色体组型为n＝4m＋1st＋2t＝6，吴氏似牛首吸虫的染色体组型为n＝4m＋2sm＋1t＝7，湖北似牛首吸虫的染色体组型为n＝7m＝7，范尼道佛吸虫的染色体组型为n＝6m＋1sm＝7。其中，■假扇盘吸虫、吴氏似牛首吸虫和湖北似牛首吸虫的染色体数目和组型为首次报道。

江苏奥杜藻属一新变种

本文记述了产自华东地区江苏徐州的一个新变种徐州奥杜藻AudouinellachalybeaBoryvar.xuzhouensisHuaetXie .它与原变种的主要区别在于其植物体高达 1 0～ 2 0mm ;叶绿体不规则片状 ,周生 ;单孢子囊常产生于繁殖枝的内侧。

爱德华氏菌人工经口感染及病理观察

用从病鱼体内分离到的福建爱德华氏茵（Ｅｄａｗａｒｄｓｉｅｌｌａｆｕｊｉａｍｅｎｓｉｓ）人工经口感染鳗鲡获得成功，证明该菌由消化道传染。人工感染后一系列组织病理观察表明：该菌对肝脏的损害是致肝细胞融解形成灶性坏死，对肾脏引起造血组织增生。当继发感染气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏ－ｎａｓ）后，灶性坏死区形成脓肿。继发感染是爱德华氏病致死的原因，同时也是鳗鲡爱德华氏病症伏表现为肝脏型或肾脏型两种类型的原因。

铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性

本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L。

六种选矿药剂对藻类的毒性比较

本文评价了六种选矿药剂对藻类的毒性效应,它们对斜生栅藻的毒性大小排列顺序是:二号油>Fu>0145>Yx>MPA>S-808,96h-EC_(50)值分别为41.2,50.1,82.0,177.8,198.2和900ppm。六种选矿药剂对藻类毒性最大的是二号油,毒性最小的是S-808。对藻类细胞形态的观察结果表明,0145对藻类的细胞形态有轻度的致畸效应,在其它五种药剂的培养物中,均未发现畸变细胞。在室温下存放10d后MPA,0145和二号油,毒性明显下降,其下降速率的顺序是:MPA>0145>二号油。藻

长江白鱀豚行为的观察

1979—1990年,作者在长江中下游江段,对白鱀豚的行为作了47次航行观察。根据观察记录,对白鱀豚出水呼吸时所表现的集群,抚幼、觅食、求偶、玩耍、歇息、逃避等行为,作了较全面的描述和分析。

武汉东湖针簇多肢轮虫的种群变动和生产量

针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)是武汉东湖的优势轮虫,1983,5—1984,4在Ⅰ,Ⅱ站分别测定了这种轮虫卵和种群密度。Ⅰ站卵的密度在0—245个/升之间,平均为27个/升,种群密度为0—6600个/升,平均为362个/升;Ⅱ站卵的密度为0—321个/升,平均为22个/升,种群密度为0—2770个/升,平均为159个/升。在5—30℃的培养温度下,卵的发育时间随温度升高而缩短,它们间的关系可用下列回归方程表示: lnD=0.4627+1.2929lnT-0.4995(lnT)~2 用直

大型溞生长、生殖和种群增长的研究

年龄6±6小时的纯系大型溞培养在25±1℃静置换水条件下,饲以斜生栅藻,其平均寿命为68.40±9.82天。龄期(x)和年龄(t,天)之间呈曲线迴归关系:t=-2.245+1.510x+0.035x~2(r=0.99,p<0.01)。累计生殖量417—567个,最大生殖量在第12龄。在体长2.5—4.0毫米之间生殖量(Y,个数)和体长(l,毫米)的关系为:lgY=2.65lgl-0.04(r=0.975,p<0.001)。种群增长呈logistic曲线型,其方程式为: Y=4,400/(1+e~(3.86

黄鳝染色体组中组成型异染色质的分布

<正> 自从Caspersson等建立人类染色体喹吖因分带技术以来,相继发展了各种吉姆萨染色分带技术。这些分带技术是精确分析动物染色体的有效手段,在很大程度上促进了动物细胞遗传学的研究。鱼类是低等脊椎动物,研究鱼类的染色体与分带,不仅在鱼类染色体核型、核型的演化与亲缘关系的分析,而且对于脊椎动物染色体的细胞化学、组织结构与进化的研究都有重要的意义。但是由于鱼类染色体比哺乳

武汉东湖周丛原生动物六新种

本文报道武汉东湖周丛原生动物的6种纤毛虫新种:绿累枝虫Epistylis chlorelligerumsp.nov.、斗鞘居虫Vaginicola cupulata sp.nov.、弯鞘居虫Vaginicola curvata sp.nov.、褶鞘居虫Vaginicola plicata sp.nov.、大靴纤虫Cothurnia magna sp.nov.、多纹平鞘虫Platy-cola multistriata sp.nov.。

Body loadings and health risk assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at an intensive electronic waste recycling site in China

This study is one of the very few investigating the dioxin body burden of a group of child-bearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site (Taizhou, Zhejiang Province) (24 +/- 2.83 years of age, 40% were primiparae) and a reference site (Lin'an city, Zhejiang Province, about 245 km away from Taizhou) (24 +/- 2.35 years of age, 100% were primiparae) in China. Five sets of samples (each set consisted of human milk, placenta, and hair) were collected from each site. Body burdens of people from the e-waste processing site (human milk, 21.02 +/- 13.81 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat (World Health Organization toxic equivalency 1998); placenta, 31.15 +/- 15.67 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat; hair, 33.82 +/- 17.74 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) dry wt) showed significantly higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurnas (PCDD/Fs) than those from the reference site (human milk, 9.35 +/- 7.39 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat, placenta, 11.91 +/- 7.05 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat; hair, 5.59 +/- 4.36 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) dry wt) and were comparatively higher than other studies. The difference between the two sites was due to e-waste recycling operations, for example, open burning, which led to high background levels. Moreover, mothers from the e-waste recycling site consumed more foods of animal origin. The estimated daily intake of PCDD/Fs within 6 months by breast-fed infants from the e-waste processing site was 2 times higher than that from the reference site. Both values exceeded the WHO tolerable daily intake for adults by at least 25 and 11 times, respectively. Our results implicated that e-waste recycling operations cause prominent PCDD/F levels in the environment and in humans. The elevated body burden may have health implications for the next generation.

Metals in surface sediments of large shallow eutrophic lake chaohu, china

Metal contents of surface sediments were analyzed temporally and spatially in Lake Chaohu, China. No obvious temporal variations were observed, which probably due to physio- and bio- mixing, e.g. wind and microbes, in this lake. Enrichment factor of some metals were generally greater than 1.0, suggesting significant anthropogenic impact on metal levels. Significantly positive correlations between concentrations of nutrient and metals indicated that the nutrients transported to this lake contributed, to some extent, to the enrichment of metals. The correlation between trace metals concentrations indicated the co-contamination of anthropogenically derived metal enrichment in surface sediment of Lake Chaohu.

Nonylphenol and octylphenol in urban eutrophic lakes of the subtropical China

The paper studied two estrogenic pollutants, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments in urban eutrophic lakes. The concentrations of NP ranged from 1.94 to 32.85 mu g/l, 0.876 to 31.13 mu g/l and 3.54 to 32.43 mu g/g dry weight (dw) in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments, respectively, and that of OP from 0.027 to 1.44 mu g/l, 0.008 to 1.777 mu g/l and 0.058 to 1.245 mu g/g dw in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments, respectively. An increasing trend in the concentration was noticed in all matrices close to the sewage inlets, which was found to be the major factor affecting the spatial distribution of alkylphenols (APs) in the lakes. Due to restoration of submerged macrophytes, which might accumulate APs, the contaminations of APs in the Little Moon Lake (LML) and the Little Lotus Lake (LLL) were lower than those in the Big, Moon Lake (BML) and the Bier Lotus Lake (BLL). A reasonable correlation of NP and OP was obtained among water, suspended particle and sediment. The possible environmental stress of APs concentration on aquatic organisms in Wuhan urban lakes was also discussed.

MtDNA phylogeny provides evidence of generic polyphyleticism for East Asian bagrid catfishes

We explore the intrafamilial relationships of East Asian bagrid catfishes (Hemibagrus, Pseudobagrus, Pelteobagrus, and Leiocassis) based on 245 sequences of 1092 bp mitochondrial cytochrome b fragments. Four haplotypes were found to be shared by Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, Pelteobagrus vachelli and Pelteobagrus nitidus. Phylogenetic trees were performed using the neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian likelihood methods. The phylogenetic trees based on NJ, MP, ML and BL inferences strongly support polyphyleticism for the currently recognized genera Pseudobagrus, Pelteobagrus and Leiocassis. However, the species currently assigned to these three genera form a robustly monophyletic group with relatively low genetic divergence. The structure of maxillary barbels and serrations on the anterior edge of the pectoral spines seem to be indicatory of appropriate phylogenetic traits. We propose that only Hemibagrus and Pseudobagrus are the only valid genera of East Asian bagrids.

Sedimentary records of water environment in lake Chaohu in the Yangtze delta region, China

Three lacustrine core samples were collected from Chaohu lake in December 2002 in the Yangtze delta region. The grain sizes were analyzed using a Laser Analyzer to obtain grain-size parameters. Sediment geochronology was determined in radioisotopes Cs-137 and the average sedimentary rates are 0.29cm.a(-1), 0.35 cm.a(-1) and 0.24cm-a(-1) in Cores C 1, C2 and C3, respectively. The grain-size parameters of the deposits vary regularly with the fluctuation of hydrodynamics. From 1950s to the beginning of 20th century, coarse-grained sediment was deposited, suggesting strong hydraulic conditions and high water-level periods with much precipitation; from the start of 20(th) century to latter half of 18(th) century, fine-grained sediment was deposited, indicating that weak hydraulic conditions and low water-level periods with less precipitation; before the first half of 18(th) century, coarse-grained sediment was deposited, suggesting great velocity of flow and high water-level periods of more precipitation.