中国缓步动物门二新种及三新纪录种和亚种(异缓步纲,棘影熊虫科;真缓步纲,小斑熊虫科,大生熊虫科,高生熊虫科)

记述采自河南省洛阳市、湖北省京山县和四川省都江堰市的缓步动物门 2新种及 3新纪录种和亚种 :异缓步纲棘影熊虫科的四棘棘影熊虫 ,新纪录EchiniscusquadrispinosusRichters,190 2 ;真缓步纲小斑熊虫科的都江小斑熊虫 ,新种Milnesiumdujiangensissp .nov .,大生熊虫科的节值大生熊虫戴冠亚种 ,新纪录MacrobiotusharmsworthicoronatusBarros,1942 ;高生熊虫科的大指等高熊虫 ,新纪录Isohypsibiusma

给黄鳝服用了激素类药物吗?

本文从“激素黄鳝”传言的由来、避孕药的本质、催肥机制、给药途径、外源激素在黄鳝养殖和研究中的应用、黄鳝养殖生产现状等方面进行了分析,认为“激素黄鳝”的说法是不正确的,在养殖生产中黄鳝服用激素类药物增肥既没有可能,也没有必要,在经济上也不合算。

白鱀豚和长江江豚消化道常见疾病的诊断与治疗

国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 93 3 0 0 2 0 )

摄食水平和性别对稀有鮈鲫生长和能量收支的影响

于 1 995年 1 0月采集本所自繁的稀有鮈鲫 (约 1 .0 3g/ind) ,在 30℃水温下进行摄食 -生长实验 ,研究了从饥饿到饱食 5个摄食水平对不同性别稀有鮈鲫的生长和能量收支的影响。结果表明 ,鱼体干物质和能量含量不受摄食率和性别的影响。随着摄食率的增加 ,雌鱼的湿重、干重和能量特定生长率均呈双对数增加 ,雄鱼湿重特定生长率呈双对数增加 ,而干物质和能量特定生长率呈指数增加。雄鱼生长速度及摄食率低于雌鱼。随着摄食率的增加 ,食物能损失于粪便中的比例均呈上升趋势 ,损失于排泄物中的比例变化不

武汉东湖若干种轮虫休眠卵的形态观察

休眠卵是轮虫在恶劣生态条件下形成的滞育结构。本研究用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东湖14种轮虫休眠卵形态进行了观察，其中关于尾突臂尾轮虫（Brachionuscaudatus，Barrois＆Daday）、方形臂尾轮虫（Bquadridentatus，hermann）、中型晶囊轮虫（Asplanchnaintermedia，Hudson）、顶生三肢轮虫（Filiniaterminalis，Plate）的休眠卵的形态特征尚未见过报道。这些休眠卵一般卵壳较厚，颜色较深，壳表面有纹饰。不同种轮虫的休眠卵形态、壳

草鱼肾脏、脾脏血细胞发育过程超微结构与细胞化学的研究

本文报告了草鱼肾脏、脾脏血细胞各系统发育各阶段细胞超微结构与某些细胞内的化学成分如糖原、脂类、酸性磷酸酶、酸性非特异性酯酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶（ＰＡＳ、ＳＢ、ＡｃＰ、ＡＮＡＥ、ＡＩＰ、Ｐｏｘ）的变化规律。讨论了草鱼造血的特点、方式以及超微结构、细胞内化学成分变化与携氧、免疫功能的关系和意义。草鱼肾脏、脾脏造血基质细胞主要包括三大类：纤维细胞可分为功能活跃的成纤维细胞及不活跃的纤维细胞；网状细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞可分为非吞噬性及吞噬性两型的。初步探讨了造血基质细胞与造血微环境的作用。

铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性

本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L。

温度对萼花臂尾轮虫卵的发育、种群增长和生产量的影响

1981—1983年,在不同的培养温度下,观察了萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)卵的发育时间、种群的增长并用3种不同方法测算生产量。在5—30℃的培养温度下,轮虫卵的发育时间(D)随温度(T)升高而缩短,其曲线迴归方程为: LnD=2.0539+0.1097LnT-0.3046(LnT)~2 在10,15,20,25℃的培养温度下,从休眠卵孵化出来的孤雌生殖雌体,其繁殖的种群增长曲线都呈“S”形,或称逻辑斯蒂曲线(Logistic curve)。不同的温度,种群达到高峰所需的

环境盐度对梭鱼脑下垂体及性腺发育的影响

本文研究了海水梭鱼、淡水池养梭鱼、少盐水池养梭鱼的性腺发育和脑下垂体的组织学变化;介绍了淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的人工催产结果;提出了人工繁殖的措施。 环境盐度可以影响垂体前叶(RPD)和垂体间叶(PPD)的相对大小。前叶的增大伴随着间叶的减小。淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的前叶比海水梭鱼的前叶大61.3%,催乳素分泌细胞活动增强,相反,前者的间叶较后者的间叶小45.8%,促性腺激素分泌细胞活动减弱。 淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的卵母细胞滞留在Ⅳ期初向Ⅳ期中过渡阶段,仅少部份卵母细胞可发育到Ⅳ期中。这些雌梭鱼极大多数不能催

黑龙江流域的水生维管束植物

<正> 水体中水生维管束植物的种类组成及数量的多寡,对于渔业是有着密切关系的。有些主要的经济鱼类(如草鱼、鳊、鲤、鲫等)是以水生维管束植物作主要的食料,也有很多产粘着性卵的鱼类(如鲤、鲫、鲶等)要把卵产在水生植物上;一些高等水生植物的多寡也直接或间接地影响底棲生物和浮游生物的生长繁殖。另一方面,有些高等水生植物的大量繁殖,对于鱼类却有不良的影响。因此,调查了解流域中水生高等植物的种类和数量对于正确地估价水体生产力是有帮助的。

Distribution and depuration of the potentially carcinogenic malachite green in tissues of three freshwater farmed Chinese fish with different food habits

The use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. Uptake, accumulation and deputation of MG in various tissues were studied under laboratory conditions in three common freshwater fish, Parabramis pekinensis (plant-eating fish), Carassius auratus (omnivorous fish) and Ophiocephalus argus (carnivorous fish). The concentrations of MG and its primary metabolite, the reduced and colorless leucomalachite green (LMG), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS2). Absorption of MG occurred during the waterborne exposure and the MG concentrations in gills of the three fish species all showed a maximum at 0 h after an acute water exposure (6 mg l(-1) MG for 20 min). Afterwards, both MG and LMG declined very rapidly in the blood of the fish. Levels of MG and LMG were still above 0.002 mu g g(-1) in fresh weight muscle at 240 h and may persist for as long as 10 days. Most MG was converted rapidly to LMG in the fish and deputation of LMG was very slow in fat tissue. skin and gonads of the fish. Distribution of LMG was strongly dependent on the fat content in the tissues of the fish, but not related to their different feeding habits. Therefore, it appears that fat tissue, skin and gonads of the fish contaminated by MG and LMG pose the greatest risk for human consumption. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and temperature on morphology, photosynthesis, and DNA of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Cyanophyta)

Natural levels of solar UVR were shown to break and alter the spiral structure of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Nordst.) Gomont during winter. However, this phenomenon was not observed during summer at temperatures of similar to 30 degrees C. Since little has been documented on the interactive effects of solar UV radiation (UVR; 280-400 nm) and temperature on cyanobacteria, the morphology, photosynthesis, and DNA damage of A. platensis were examined using two radiation treatments (PAR [400-700 nm] and PAB [PAR + UV-A + UV-B: 280-700]), three temperatures (15, 22, and 30 degrees C), and three biomass concentrations (100, 160, and 240 mg dwt [dry weight] . L-1). UVR caused a breakage of the spiral structure at 15 degrees C and 22 degrees C, but not at 30 degrees C. High PAR levels also induced a significant breakage at 15 degrees C and 22 degrees C, but only at low biomass densities, and to lesser extent when compared with the PAB treatment. A. platensis was able to alter its spiral structure by increasing helix tightness at the highest temperature tested. The photochemical efficiency was depressed to undetectable levels at 15 degrees C but was relatively high at 30 degrees C even under the treatment with UVR in 8 h. At 30 degrees C, UVR led to 93%-97% less DNA damage when compared with 15 degrees C after 8 h of exposure. UV-absorbing compounds were determined as negligible at all light and temperature combinations. The possible mechanisms for the temperature-dependent effects of UVR on this organism are discussed in this paper.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in surface sediment and bivalve from the Changjiang Estuary, China

Surface sediments and bivalves were collected from the Changjiang Estuary in December 2003 and November 2004, respectively. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in these samples were measured with high-resolution chromatography (HRGC)/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). The concentrations of total PCDD/Fs and toxic equivalent (TEQ) were 169.83 +/- 119.63 and 0.81 +/- 0.36 pg/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and 580.33 +/- 240.17 and 7.24 +/- 3.65 pg/g dw in bivalves. The homolog compositions of PCDD/Fs were similar among samples, the most abundant congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and then octa-chlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (HOCDD). The herbicide pentachlorophenol (PCP) and sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) were proved the main source of PCDD/Fs in this area.

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) SLP-76 gene

SLP-76 is an important member of the SLP-76 family of adapters, and it plays a key role in TCR signaling and T cell function. Partial cDNA sequence of SLP-76 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA Library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full Length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was 2007 bp, consisting of a T-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 285 bp, a T-terminal. UTR of 240 bp, and an open reading frame of 1482 bp. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp SLP-76 had an overall similarity of 34-73% to that of other species homotogues, and it was composed of an NH2-terminal domain, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated the existence of a Gads binding site R-X-X-K, a 10-aa-long sequence which binds to the SH3 domain of LCK in vitro, and three conserved tyrosine-containing sequence in the NH2-terminal domain. Then we used PCR to obtain a genomic DNA which covers the entire coding region of carp SLP-76. In the 9.2 k-long genomic sequence, twenty one exons and twenty introns were identified. RT-PCR results showed that carp SLP-76 was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic tissues, and was upregulated in thymus tissue of four-month carp compared to one-year old carp. RT-PCR and virtual northern hybridization results showed that carp SLP-76 was also upregulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic carp at the age of four-months. These results suggest that the expression level of SLP-76 gene may be related to thymocyte development in teleosts. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Photodegradation of 2-naphthol in aqueous solutions in the presence of humic acid and ferric ions

In this work, the photodegradation of the carcinogenic pollutant 2-naphthol in aqueous solution containing Aldrich humic acid (HA) and ferric ions (Fe(III)) under 125 W and 250 W high pressure mercury lamp (HPML, lambda >= 365 nm) irradiation was investigated. The photooxidation efficiencies were dependent on the pH values, light intensities and Fe(III)/HA concentration in the water, with higher efficiency at pHs 3-4, and 50 mu mol l(-1) Fe(III) with 20 mg l(-1) HA under 250 W HPML. The initial rate of photooxidation increases with increasing, the initial concentration of 2-naphthol from 10 mu mol l(-1) to 100 mu mol l(-1), while do not change at 50 and 100 mu mol l(-1). However, higher removal efficiency of 2-naphthol is achieved at its lower initial concentration of 10 mu mol l(-1), and initial rate of photooxidation is 0.193 mu mol l(-1) min(-1). Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays an important role in the system containing Fe(III)-HA complexes in which Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions were enhanced in the environment. Hydroxyl radicals produced in HA solution with or without ferric ions were determined by using benzene as free radical scavenger and phenol as scavenging products proportional to hydroxyl radicals. By using UV-Vis and excited fluorescence spectrum techniques, the main photooxidation products, which have higher absorption in the region of 240-340 nm, were found, and the mechanisms for the oxidative degradation is proposed.