城市湖泊地区的土地利用变化——以武汉东湖为例

利用1986、1993、1999年的LandsatTM卫星遥感影像和1981年地形图,借助GIS技术分析了城市湖泊地区—武汉东湖流域1987～1999间土地利用的时空变化及景观结构的变化。土地利用分为水体、针叶林、阔叶林、灌草、裸地、农业用地和城镇用地七种类型。各时期遥感影像分类精度都在85%以上。该流域土地利用变化以城镇大幅度扩展(从占全流域面积的9.1%到29.6%)、农业用地增加(从7.0%到13.9%)和由此引起的林地(从占全流域面积的33.6%到24.3%)、水体(从30.4%到23.8%)面积

转“全鱼”生长激素基因鲤鱼及其F_1遗传分析

采用显微注射方法, 研制出转"全鱼"生长激素基因鲤鱼. 比较分析了转基因鲤鱼(P0)获得性状多样性, 筛选获得具有显著快速生长效应的转基因鱼个体; 繁殖力参数比较发现, 快速生长转基因鱼的繁殖能力无实质改变. 对F1转基因鱼转植基因分离和性状分布进行了遗传分析, 结果证实转植基因在2, 3条染色体上整合, 转植基因不同整合位点的生物学效应存在差异, 这为快速生长转基因鱼育种奠定了基础.

鱼腥藻提取液对水稻生长发育和产量的促进作用

以田间小区试验和大区产量直接对比的方法研究了鱼腥藻提取液对水稻幼苗生长和产量以及产量构成要素的影响，并探讨了方便有效且适宜于大田使用的方法。用藻液处理后水稻幼苗增高，根数、根长增加，分蘖能力增强，秧龄提前，叶面积明显加大。水稻成熟后除株高比对照略有下降外，各项产量构成要素如粒数、粒重、有效分蘖数、植株干重、千粒重、穗长等都优于对照组，但增产幅度随水稻品种和处理方式不同而异。大田使用时以1％鱼腥藻提取液浸种并在二叶一心时进行叶面喷施效果为好。

亚硒酸钠对四氯化碳损伤草鱼肝原代细胞与肝组织的保护作用

不同浓度四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）对草鱼肝原代细胞的损伤实验中，ＣＣｌ４浓度为１０μｌ／ｍｌ可引起细胞血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＬＴ）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）逸出量与细胞破损率显著增高，培养液中添加亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）０．２μｇ／ｍｌ，则可降低ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ的逸出量，减轻细胞破损程度。Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３保护实验中，Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ２＋ＣＣｌ４组预先腹腔注射（ｉｐ）０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ连续三日，末次ｉｐＣＣｌ４混合液１ｍｌ／ｋｇ．ｂｗ，２４ｈ内肝组织超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）相对

多变鱼腥藻半稳定状态连续培养的若干特征

分别使用恒化装置和全玻璃发酵罐连续培养多变鱼腥藻。在稳定条件下加以周期性的光照(L∶D=12∶12),经5—6d得到半稳定状态连续培养物。在光照阶段,培养物的生物量增长速度约等于稀释速度D的两倍,叶绿素的增长速度略小于D的两倍,糖原的累积速度几乎高出D~5的一个数量级。细胞内糖原和蛋白质含量变化的时间过程反映出培养物在光-暗条件下的碳氮物质合成与消耗相互联系的代谢特点。半稳定状态连续培养受培养物内在的生理活性支配,生长参数的变化符合方程X=X_(oe)~((μ-D)~t),但不同于恒浊培养和恒化培养。外界

团头鲂的胚胎及成体组织中八种同工酶系统的研究

用垂直的淀粉凝胶电泳方法分析了胚胎发育阶段(0—105小时)和成体6种组织中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、酯酶(EST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等8种同工酶系统的酶带。共约有23个基因座位在其胚胎发育期和成体组织中表达。所分析的大多数同工酶在团头鲂个体发生过程中表达的情况大致可分为3种类型:①胚胎发育期间持续存在的同工酶类,它们在成体组织中无特异性分布;②到胚胎发育后期才开始表达的同工

环境盐度对梭鱼脑下垂体及性腺发育的影响

本文研究了海水梭鱼、淡水池养梭鱼、少盐水池养梭鱼的性腺发育和脑下垂体的组织学变化;介绍了淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的人工催产结果;提出了人工繁殖的措施。 环境盐度可以影响垂体前叶(RPD)和垂体间叶(PPD)的相对大小。前叶的增大伴随着间叶的减小。淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的前叶比海水梭鱼的前叶大61.3%,催乳素分泌细胞活动增强,相反,前者的间叶较后者的间叶小45.8%,促性腺激素分泌细胞活动减弱。 淡水和少盐水池养梭鱼的卵母细胞滞留在Ⅳ期初向Ⅳ期中过渡阶段,仅少部份卵母细胞可发育到Ⅳ期中。这些雌梭鱼极大多数不能催

Assessment effects of cage culture on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in relation to fallowing in a shallow lake in China

Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in relation to fallowing in a fish cage farm was investigated in a shallow lake in China. Four sampling sites were set: beneath the cages, at the cage sides, and 50 and 100 m east of the cage farm. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in lake water and sediment were analyzed during a 2-year rearing cycle. The cage culture had a fish yield of 16.3-39.2 tonnes in the study period. Based on the mass balance equation, 1533-3084 kg TN and 339-697 kg TP were contributed to the lake environment. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations showed greater increase in the first culture period than in the second rearing cycle. No obvious changes were found at the sampling sites 50 and 100 m east of the cages during the study periods. Main impacts were found close to the cages (beneath the cages and at the cage side); the sampling points at the cage side showed relatively high TN and TP sedimentation. After 3 months of fallowing, water TN and TP decreased significantly but the sediment TN and TP contents remained high. Therefore, recovery seems to happen during fallowing but attention should be paid to whether the culture continues to operate in the future.

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) NKEF-B gene

Natural killer (NK) cell enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the newly defined peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. Its functions are to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and to protect DNA and proteins from oxidative damage. In this study, a partial cDNA sequence of carp NKEF-B was isolated from thymus cDNA library. Subsequently, the full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was obtained by means of 3' and 5' RACE, respectively. The full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was 1022 bp, consisting of a 73 bp 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR), a 355 bp T-terminal UTR, and a 594 bp open reading frame coding for a protein of 197 amino acids. Carp NKEF-B contained two consensus Val-Cys-Pro (VCP) motifs and three consensus cysteine (Cys-51, Cys-70 and Cys-172) residues. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp NKEF-B had an overall similarity of 74-96% to that of other species homologues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that carp NKEF-B forms a cluster with other known teleost NKEF-Bs. Then, by PCR we obtained a 5.1 -k long genomic DNA of carp NKEF-B containing six exons and five introns. Realtime RT-PCR results showed that carp NKEF-B gene was predominantly detected in kidney and head kidney under un-infected conditions. Whereas under SVCV-infection condition, the expression of NKEF-B gene was significantly increased in blood cells, gill, intestine and spleen, but maintained in liver, and decreased significantly in kidney and head kidney. Finally, the rNKEF-B was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. By using an antibody against carp rNKEF-B, immunohistochemical study further indicated that NKEF-B positive cells are mainly some RBCs and a few epithelial cells in gill and intestine, and that under SVCV-infection condition, these positive cells or positive products in their cytoplasm were mainly increased in gill and spleen sections of carp. The results obtained in the present study will help to understand the function of NKEF-B in teleost innate immunity. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of immune genes in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in response to infection of the parasitic copepod Sinergasilus major

The parasitic copepod Sinergasilus major is an important pathogen of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. To understand the immune response of grass carp to the copepod infection, suppression subtractive hybridization method was employed to characterize genes up-regulation during the copepod infection in liver and gills of the fish. One hundred and twenty-two dot blot positive clones from infected subtracted library were sequenced. Searching available databases by using these nucleotide sequences revealed that 23 genes are immune-related, including known acute-phase reactants, and four novel genes encoding proteins such as source of immunodominant MHC-associated peptides (SIMP), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 binding protein (T2BP), poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 precursor, glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP). The differential expression of seven immune genes, i.e. GARP, alpha-2-macroglobulin, MHC class I, C3, SIMP, T2BP, transferrin, as a result of infection was further confirmed by RT-PCR, with the up-regulation of alpha-2-macroglobulin, MHC class I, C3, SIMP and T2BP in the liver of infected fish, and down-regulation of SIMP in the gills of infected fish. The present study provides foundation for understanding grass carp immune response and candidate genes for further analysis.

Theoretical investigation on the phase stability of Nd2Fe14B and site preference of V, Cr, Mn, Zr and Nb

The stability of the excellent permanent magnetic compound Nd2Fe14B and substitution of Fe in the compound by V, Cr, Mn, Zr and Nb are investigated by using interatomic pair potentials which are converted from lattice-inversion method. Calculation shows that the substitution always makes the cell volume larger, and the increase of the volume is almost linear with substituent concentration. The calculated cohesive energy shows that the preferential order of substitution of Fe is Nb, V, Cr, Mn, Zr. Nevertheless, all the five substituting elements should most preferentially replace Fe in the j(2)' site, which has the greatest space among all six Fe sites. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Depth dependent elastic strain in ZnO epilayer: combined Rutherford backscattering/channeling and X-ray diffraction

A ZnO layer was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrate. The perpendicular and parallel elastic strain of the ZnO epilayer, e(perpendicular to) = 0.19%, e(parallel to) = -0.29%, respectively, were derived by using the combination of Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channeling and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ratio vertical bar e(parallel to)/ e(perpendicular to)vertical bar = 1.5 indicates that ZnO layer is much stiffer in the a-axis direction than in the c-axis direction. By using RBS/C, the depth dependent elastic strain was deduced. The strain is higher at the depth close to the interface and decreases towards the surface. The negative tetragonal distortion was explained by considering the lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch in ZnO thin film. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurement of chirp parameter and modulation index of a semiconductor laser based on optical spectrum analysis

A novel and simple method for measuring the chirp parameter, frequency, and intensity modulation indexes of directly modulated lasers is proposed in a small-signal modulation scheme. A graphical approach is presented. An analytical solution to the measurement of low chirp parameters is also given. The measured results agree well with those obtained using the conventional methods.

PIXE analysis of Fe content in Fe-implanted GaN film

The diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) were achieved by the ion implantation. Fe+ ions (250 keV) were implanted into n-type GaN at room temperature with doses ranging from 8 X 10(15) cm(-2) to 8 X 10(16) cm(-2) and subsequently rapidly annealed at 800 degrees C for 5 m in N-2 ambient. PIXE was employed to determine the Fe-implanted content. The magnetic property was measured by the Quantum Design MPMS SQUID magnetometer. No secondary phases or clusters are detected within the sensitivity of XRD. Apparent ferromagnetic hysteresis loops measured at 10 K were presented. The relationships between the Fe-implanted content and the ferromagnetic property are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.