拉格朗日逆分析在森林蒸散模拟中的应用

以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,根据Raupach提出的LocalizedNearField(LNF)理论为依据,耦合垂直速度标准差σw(z)和拉格朗日时间尺度TL(z),建立林冠内水汽源汇强度和平均浓度廓线之间的关系;利用拉格朗日逆分析法(inverseLagrangiandispersionanalysis,IL)提出了通过林冠水汽浓度梯度计算林冠内的水汽源汇强度进而推算森林蒸散的方法.最终得到的结果与开路涡动相关系统的观测数据比较显示,对于白天水汽累积通量的模拟精度达到87.3%;IL模拟值高于EC实测值,大约高出15%～25%;林冠白天水汽通量远大于夜间,占日水汽总通量的70%以上.6～8月的水汽白天累积总通量高于5月和9月.

辽宁白石砬子自然保护区的多孔菌(英文)

1995年9月、2004年6月和8月在中国辽宁省宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区及周围森林采集木腐菌标本276号,经鉴定研究发现多孔菌84种,本文报道了这些多孔菌名录,并根据采样列出了每种的寄主,其中绝大多数种类为该保护区首次报道,34种为辽宁新记录种。Perenniporia medulla-panis sensu stricto为中国新记录种,根据中国的标本材料对其进行了详细描述。白石砬子自然保护区及周围地区的多孔菌主要是温带广布种。

辽西人工林产量及其影响因素研究

采用实地调查和资料分析方法,对辽西地区人工林生产状况进行了系统分析.结果表明,建国以来,辽西地区人工林蓄积量整体上有显著的增长,人工林平均蓄积量达49.08m3·hm-2,3次森林资源清查期间,人工林蓄积量净增20.19m3·hm-2,增长了5.16倍.但整体蓄积量水平仍较低,平均蓄积增长量仅为全省同期的63.9%,人工林蓄积量也只有全国森林平均蓄积量的51.1%,且区域内部产量水平差异显著,达68.47m3·hm-2.总体上,幼龄林比例偏高,达49%,成熟林单位蓄积量低,仅相当于全国水平的38%.占人工林面积主体的国有林从中龄林到成、过熟林,其蓄积增长量相当于个人和集体林的55.1%和32.3%.用材林单位蓄积量比防护林低36.4%.除了气候、土壤等自然因素外,人工林结构简单、树种组成单一、管理水平低下以及人为破坏严重等可能是导致辽西地区人工林整体产量较低的主要原因.

天山北坡中段自然生态系统服务功能价值研究

以位于阜康市的天山北坡中段自然生态系统为研究对象,采用市场价格法、影子价格法、成本核算法、收益损失法等多种生态系统服务功能价值的研究方法,从直接使用价值和就间接使用价值两方面,对这里的生态系统服务功能价值进行了估算。结果表明,这里生态系统服务功能价值达6.32×108元人民币。其中有机物生产4.3016×1012元,涵养水源2.406×108元,观光旅游8.000×108元,土壤保护7.334×108元,调节大气成分4.951×108元,净化空气6.7152×108元,旅游收入8.0×108元,山地草甸1.38×108元。

卫星遥感监测ET方法及其在水管理方面的应用

概述了利用遥感技术监测流域蒸发(ET)用于流域水管理的研究,利用卫星遥感监测ET比传统地面监测ET方法具有更高的经济合理性和实用性;通过遥感监测的ET,不仅可以对农业用水效率、灌溉系统性能作出更符合实际的评价,还可服务于流域水资源管理和区域水资源利用规划。随着信息技术的快速发展,卫星遥感监测ET的方法在水管理方面的应用前景广阔,我国应加强对该技术的研究和应用。

我国城市地表径流污染治理技术探讨

城市地表径流是典型的非点源污染,具有地域范围广、随机性强、成因复杂等特点,已成为水环境污染的重要因素之一。本文提出由源处理、输移控制和汇处理组成的城市地表径流污染控制对策,并探讨了各种具体的城市径流污染控制与治理技术,认为初期雨水的有效截留将成为下一步的研究重点。

一氧化氮对杨树耐旱性的影响

探讨了外源NO对水分胁迫下杨树叶片质膜相对透性、叶片光合作用和氧化伤害保护酶的影响.结果表明,NO供体硝普钠(sodiumnitroprusside,SNP)能提高杨树叶片的含水率,在水分胁迫(PEG6000渗透液处理)下,能缓解叶片的水分丢失.NO对杨树叶片光合作用具有双重性,低浓度SNP(200、500μmol·L-1)能促进叶片的光合,高浓度SNP(1000、2000μmol·L-1)则明显抑制叶片的光合.较短时间水分处理胁迫(1h))的杨树叶片SOD和POD活性显著高于较长时间(3h)水分胁迫下叶片的酶活性.经SNP处理后,各处理组POD、SOD活性明显上升.同时,随SNP浓度的增加,POD和SOD活性表现出先上升后下降的趋势.外源NO可通过诱导POD和SOD活性的上升,延缓活性氧的积累,从而减轻水分胁迫对杨树的伤害,增强树木的耐旱能力.

有机酸对铅胁迫小麦幼苗部分生理特性的影响

通过对小麦幼苗部分生理指标的分析,研究了外源有机酸(乙酸、草酸和柠檬酸)对铅胁迫小麦幼苗的缓解效应。结果表明:加入3种外源有机酸均能够减轻铅对小麦叶绿素的破坏;低浓度的有机酸能提高受铅胁迫小麦的保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)的活性,降低MDA含量,但随着外源有机酸处理浓度的增加,缓解作用降低或消失,保护酶活性降低,MDA含量增加。3种有机酸中草酸对铅胁迫的缓解作用最明显。

A preliminary genetic map of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904)

Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. The development of a genetic linkage map would provide a powerful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR-based technique that has proven to be powerful in genome fingerprinting and mapping, and population analysis. Genetic maps of C. farreri were constructed using AFLP markers and a full-sib family with 60 progeny. A total of 503 segregating AFLP markers were obtained, with 472 following the Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:1 and 31 markers showing significant (P< 0.05) segregation distortion. The male map contained 166 informative AFLP markers in 23 linkage groups covering 2468 cM. The average distance between markers was 14.9 cM. The female genetic map consisted of 198 markers in 25 linkage groups spanning 3130 cM with an average inter-marker spacing of 15.8 cM. DNA polymorphisms that segregated in a 3:1 ratio as well as the AFLP markers that were heterozygous in both parents were included to construct combined linkage genetic map. Five shared linkage groups, ranging from 61.1 to 162.5 cM, were identified between the male and female maps, covering 431 cM. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers appeared to be evenly distributed within the linkage groups. Although preliminary, these maps provide a starting point for the mapping of the functional genes and quantitative trait loci in C. farreri.

Transforming kelp into a marine bioreactor

The past decade has seen the genetic engineering of various types of seaweed. To date, genetic transformation studies have been carried out in several seaweeds, including the red seaweeds Porphyra, Gracilaria, Grateloupia, Kappaphyclus and Ceramium and the green seaweed Ulva. A genetic transformation model system has been established in the most commonly cultivated seaweed, the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica (kelp), based on the transfer of technology used in land plant transformation and also by modulating the seaweed life cycle. This model showed the potential for application of transgenic kelp to the production of valuable products and an indoor cultivation system for transgenic kelp was proposed, taking into account necessary factors for bio-safety. In this review, the establishment at use of the kelp transformation model is introduced, highlighting the potential for transforming kelp into a marine bioreactor.

Interaction between phycobilisomes from Porphyridium cruentum and thylakoid membranes from Gymnodinium sp or spinach

Thylakoid membranes were isolated from Gymnodinium sp. and spinach, whereas the phycobilisomes were isolated and purified from red alga Porphyridium cruentum. The absorption spectra of the purified phycobilisomes (PBS) showed three peaks at 548, 564, and 624 nm, respectively, and the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at the lambda(680)(em) to lambda(80)(em5) that at was about 7.3. All these results demonstrated that the purified PBS remained intact. The thylakoid membranes were incubated with the purified phycobilisomes, and the thylakoid membranes, which harbored the phycobilisomes, were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Meantime, the conjugates of phycobilisome-thylakoid membranes were constructed using glutaraldehyde and further purified. Their characteristics were studied by measuring the absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra. The results showed that the phycobilisomes from Porphyridium cruentum can attach to the thylakoid membranes from Gymnodinium sp. and spinach without covalent cross-linking, but the excited energy transfer did not occur. The conjugate of phycobilisome-thylakoid. membranes with covalent cross-linking exhibits the excited energy transfer between the phycobilisomes and the thylakoid membranes.

REE and epsilon(Nd) of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and Nd-143/Nd-144. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents (Sigma REE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (delta Ce) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio > 1, delta Ce < 0.85, Sigma REE > 400 mu g/g, LREE/HREE ratio approximate to 4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio < 1, delta Ce=0.86 to 1.5, Sigma REE=200 to 350 mu g/g, LREE/HREE ratio approximate to 6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios or epsilon(Nd) values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to epsilon(Nd) values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the eNd values of -8 to -6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type 11 with the epsilon(Nd) Values of -9 to -7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with epsilon(Nd) values of -6 to -3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with epsilon(Nd) values of -13 to -12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.