Estimation of the natural purification rate of a eutrophic lake after pollutant removal

Pollution resulting from increased human activities is threatening Lake Donghu, its effects being characterized by serious eutrophication. A steady increase of phosphorus loading is the most important factor of the lake eutrophication. Pollution external control projects are being implemented and will be accomplished before the year 2010. In order to predict the restoration rate by the lake's self-purification after the projects of external control, a model of predicting the removal rate of total phosphorus (TP) from lake water is developed, and a brief method of estimating the release and export rate of sediment phosphorus is suggested. Results show that, on the premise of external loading fully controlled. The restoration needs about 55 years or more. Obviously, the great P pool in the sediment will be a limiting factor of preventing the improvement of water quality after the external loading is under control. Based on the estimation we conclude that after the external control projects before 2010, in order to restore the lake in a few years, although highly cost, the first step must be the sediment dredging to remove internal loading. The second step is diverting water of River Changjiang into the lake to accelerate the improvement of lake water. Otherwise, removal of pollutant sources will become meaningless. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative relationships between molecular structures, environmental temperatures and octanol-air partition coefficients of PCDD/Fs

A concise quantitative model that incorporates information on both environmental temperature M and molecular structures, for logarithm of octanol-air partition coefficient (K-OA) to base 10 (logK(OA)) of PCDDs, was developed. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis together with 14 quantum chemical descriptors were used to develop the quantitative relationships between structures, environmental temperatures and properties (QRSETP) model. It has been validated that the obtained QRSETP model can be used to predict logK(OA) of other PCDDs. Molecular size, environmental temperature (T), q(+) (the most positive net atomic charge on hydrogen or chlorine atoms in PCDD molecules) and E-LUMO (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) are main factors governing logK(OA) of PCDD/Fs under study. The intermolecular dispersive interactions and thus the size of the molecules play a leading role in governing logK(OA). The more chlorines in PCDD molecules, the greater the logK(OA) values. Increasing E-LUMO values of the molecules leads to decreasing logK(OA) values, implying possible intermolecular interactions between the molecules under study and octanol molecules. Greater q(+) values results in greater intermolecular electrostatic repulsive interactions between PCDD and octanol molecules and smaller logK(OA) values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular variation of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda : Pseudophyllidea) in different fish host species based on ITS rDNA sequences

The molecular variation in Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 from 11 species of freshwater fish collected in Australia, China, the Czech Republic, England and Hawaii was investigated by determining the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. The length of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of multiple individuals ranged from 553 to 571 bp and 553 to 615 bp, and the G + C content from 53.1 to 53.5%. The percentage sequence divergence varied between 0 and 0.9% in the ITS1 and 0 and 6.6% in the ITS2, respectively, indicating the occurrence of intraspecific variation. It is demonstrated that the fragment length variation resulted primarily from microsatellite polymorphisms present in the ITS region, especially in the ITS2 region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. acheilognathi examined in this study consisted of three closely related genotypes with certain degrees of host-specificity, and the genotype representing isolates from Cyprinus carpio L. was the most common and diverse form within the species B. acheilognathi.

Structure-function analysis of the inverted terminal repeats of the Sleeping Beauty transposon

Translocation of Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon requires specific binding of SB transposase to inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of about 230 bp at each end of the transposon, which is followed by a cut-and-paste transfer of the transposon into a target DNA sequence. The ITRs contain two imperfect direct repeats (DRs) of about 32 bp. The outer DRs are at the extreme ends of the transposon whereas the inner DRs are located inside the transposon, 165-166 bp from the outer DRs. Here we investigated the roles of the DR elements in transposition. Although there is a core transposase-binding sequence common to all of the DRs, additional adjacent sequences are required for transposition and these sequences vary in the different DRs. As a result, SB transposase binds less tightly to the outer DRs than to the inner DRs. Two DRs are required in each ITR for transposition but they are not interchangeable for efficient transposition. Each DR appears to have a distinctive role in transposition. The spacing and sequence between the DR elements in an ITR affect transposition rates, suggesting a constrained geometry is involved in the interactions of SB transposase molecules in order to achieve precise mobilization. Transposons are flanked by TA dinucleotide base-pairs that are important for excision; elimination of the TA motif on one side of the transposon significantly reduces transposition while loss of TAs on both flanks of the transposon abolishes transposition. These findings have led to the construction of a more advanced transposon that should be useful in gene transfer and insertional mutagenesis in vertebrates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Q-switched and mode-locked diode-pumped Nd : YAG laser with an LT-GaAs

Simultaneous Q-switching and mode-locking (QML) is accomplished in a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser using low-temperature GaAs (LT-GaAs) as the saturable absorber, which also acts as an output coupler at the same time. The repetition rate of the Q-switched envelope increased from 25 to 40 kHz as the pump power increased from 2.2 to 6.9 W. The mode-locked pulses inside the Q-switched pulse envelope had a repetition rate of 714 MHz. A maximum average output power of 770 mW was obtained. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetector based on GaN

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet photodetector has been fabricated using unintentionally doped n-GaN films grown on sapphire substrates. Its dark current, photocurrent under the illumination with lambda = 360 nm light, responsivity, and the dependence of responsivity on bias voltage were measured at room temperature. The dark current of the photodetector is 1.03 nA under 5 V bias, and is 15.3 nA under 10 V bias. A maximum responsivity of 0.166 A/W has been achieved under the illumination with lambda = 366 nm light and 15 V bias. It exhibits a typical sharp band-edge cutoff at the wavelength of 366 nm, and a high responsivity at the wavelength from 320 nm to 366 nm. Its responsivity under the illumination with lambda = 360 nm light increases when the bias voltage increases.

Proof of InAs/GaAs self-organized quantum dot lasing and the experimental determination of local Strain effect on the band structures

Confirmation of quantum dot lasing have been given by photoluminescence and electro-luminescence spectra. Energy levels of QD laser are distinctively resolved due to band filling effect, and the lasing energy of quantum dot laser is much lower than quantum well laser. The energy barrier at InAs/GaAs interface due to the built-in strain in self-organized system has been determined experimentally by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Such barrier has been predicted by previous theories and can be explained by the apexes appeared in the interface between InAs and GaAs caused by strain.

Photovoltage and luminescence study of stacked InAs/GaAs self-organized quantum dots

The ground and excited state excitonic transitions of stacked InAs self-organized quantum dots (QDs) in a laser diode structure are studied. The interband absorption transitions of QDs are investigated by non-destructive PV spectra, indicating that the strongest absorption is related to the excited states with a high density and coincides with the photon energy of lasing emission. The temperature and excitation (electric injection) intensity dependences of photoluminescence and electroluminescence indicate the influence of state filling effect on the luminescence of threefold stacked QDs. The results indicate that different coupling channels exist between electronic states in both vertical and lateral directions.

Improvement of the electrical property of semi-insulating InP by suppression of compensation defects

Semi-insulating (SI) InP obtained by iron phosphide ambient annealing has very low concentration of deep level defects and better electrical property than SI-InP annealed in phosphorus ambient. The defect suppression phenomenon correlates with Fe diffusion and substitution in the annealing process. Analysis of the experimental result suggests that a high activation ratio of incorporated Fe in InP has an effect of defect suppression in Fe-doped and Fe-diffused SI-InP.

高校用户对国外网络数据库的使用统计与分析

以深圳大学用户对国外网络数据库的使用为例，总结各数据库使用统计数据的获取途径，统计各数据库的使用情况及成本效益，并与其他高校进行对比，最后从图书馆及数据库商两个角度提出建议

基于安全多方计算的数字作品所有权证明

数字作品的所有权证明允许在不泄漏任何秘密信息和防止所有者欺骗的前提下，对版权声明进行验证,提出一种基于Proactive可验证秘密共享和安全多方计算的数字作品所有权证明方案．在该方案中，可验证秘密共享，保证了所有权秘密的正确性，并防止对协议参与者的欺骗逼过Proactive安全提供自动恢复功能来保证协议生存周期内秘密的完整性和安全性．使用安全多方计算和同态承诺的零知识证明，实现了所有权验证，在不假设可信方存在的前提下，所提出方案能够在没有太多成员合谋的情况下，完成有效计算并发现不忠实成员．

基于口令认证的密钥交换协议的安全性分析

在串空间理论模型引入了描述DH问题的方法以及分析猜测攻击的攻击者能力,对基于口令认证的密钥交换协议的安全性进行了形式化分析.提出一个对DH-EKE协议的简化,并证明了该协议的安全性:口令的秘密性,认证性,以及会话密钥的秘密性.根据分析给出基于口令认证的密钥交换协议抵抗猜测攻击的基本条件.将分析方法应用到基于口令的三方密钥交换协议上,给出单纯基于口令进行密钥交换协议的安全性需要满足的一个必要条件.

光照变化条件下的目标识别方法研究

光照是影响成像的关键因素之一。当光照条件变化时，同一物体的不同成像之间的差异极大，有时甚至大于不同物体的成像之间的差异。在很多目标识别应用场景中，光照又常常不受人为控制，这使得光照变化条件下的目标识别成为一个普遍而具有挑战性的问题。 本文深入分析了光照特性如强度、方向和颜色等的改变对目标成像的影响；研究了目前流行的各种光照鲁棒的目标识别方法，介绍它们的算法原理，分析光照鲁棒的原因，算法的适用条件等。 提出了一种在低照度条件下基于图像频域特征的目标识别方法，该方法通过分析空频域仿射变换之间的关系，采取对梯度图像的傅氏频谱进行伪对数采样的特征提取方法，较好地提取了中低频特征，抑制了高频噪声，避免了光照变化带来的不利影响；使用神经网络进行识别，有效地提取了目标的仿射不变特征，识别速度快。 提出了一种光照鲁棒的非线性相关目标识别方法。该方法采取一种信息分解的策略，将灰度信息分解为描述存在变化的区域和区域内变化程度两个描述分量，选择比较有区分力的部分像素参与匹配；以向量之间夹角的大小作为相似度度量，直接利用图像的灰度信息，在高维向量空间中考虑图像之间的相似度，克服了在低照度、低信噪比的图像中求边缘、角点和形状等特征时面临的困难。该相似度度量不受向量模的大小（乘性光照变化）以及向量平移（加性光照变化）的影响，是线性光照不变的。