胶东昆嵛山复式花岗岩体的演化—岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究

Kunyushan composite granite pluton is located in northeast part of the Sulu UHP collisional belt, Jiaodong peninsula, eastern China. It is regarded as the boundary of the Jiaodong block and the Sulu UHP collisional belt. The body is unique in the Dabieshan-Sulu UHP collisional orogen for its feature of multiple intrusions of diverse types granitoid rocks in a long span after UHP the collision between the North China and the Yangtze plates in late Triassic. It can be grouped into four series on the basis of petrology and petrochemistry. They are mid-K calc-alkaline granitoids, strongly peraluminous granites, high-K calc-alkaline granitoids and syenitic granite of shoshonitic series. In this thesis, the later three types of rocks are investigated geochronologically in detail. The grain zircon U-Pb isotope dilution dating technique has been employed in this study. Zircon morphology are presented and discussion on the chemical and physical conditions of the granite formation have been carried out in addtion. Strongly peraluminous granites comprises foliated monzogranite and garnet bearing leucogranite. They occupy more than half of the area of the Kunyushan composite body. Three zircon samples of foliated monzogranites have been analyzed, they yield lower intercept ages mainly in the range of 140-150 Ma. The formation of these rocks was likely to be at 700-600 ℃, implied by zircon morphology. Two zircon samples of the garnet bearing leucogranite yield lower intercept ages from 130 Ma to 140 Ma. Zircon morphology indicate that the liquidus temperature of the magma was about 750 °C. Syenitic granite of shoshonitic series occur in the north central part of the body, and the volume is quite small contrast to other types. One zircon sample was chosen from this rock, and yield lower intercept age of 121+1.8/-2.1 Ma. Zircon morphology indicate that the liquidus temperature of this rock is up to 900 °C, which is much higher than others'. High-K calc-alkaline granitoids can be divided into two types on the basis of rock texture and structure. One is Kf-porphyritic monzogranite. It's outcrop is quite small. Zircon ages of one sample constrain the emplacement of this rock at about 112 Ma. The other is medium-grain to coarse-grain monzogranite. Zircons from it yield lower intercept age of 100.5+2.9/-4.6 Ma. The variation of zircon morphology suggest that these two monzogranites were outcomes of a single magma at different stage. The former emplaced earlier than the latter. The liquidus temperature of the magma was about 800 ℃ Inherited zircon is ubiquitous in the Kunyushan composite body. Most of the samples yield upper intercept ages of late Proterozoic. It was considered that only the Yangtze plate underwent a crustal growth during late Proterozoic among the two plates which involved into the UHP collision. Inherited zircon of about 200 Ma can also be observed in strongly peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline granitoids. Two samples out of eight yield upper intercept ages of Achaean.

微生物——铊相互作用的生物地球化学研究——以真菌（Fungus）为例

铊是一种有毒有害的重金属元素，已经引起了广泛的关注。本论文通过对黔西南铊矿区土壤和沉积物样品的菌株分离、铊高耐受性菌株的筛选、胞外吸附、富集、亚细胞水平区系分布、絮凝实验及ITS序列等实验研究分析，并结合铊的地球化学相关研究，较系统地阐述了真菌--铊的生物地球化学过程机理，得出以下结论： 1、与环境背景区相比，黔西南滥木厂铊矿区内的河流、土壤中铊的已有不同程度的积累，直接导致了当地微生物生物量在很大程度上的降低，微生物生物量与铊含量间有显著的负相关关系。研究区内的沉积物、土壤中的微生物区系结构和数量发生了明显变化，细菌、真菌及放线菌数量均出现显著降低，而且三大微生物对重金属污染的敏感性大小也不一样，即放线菌>细菌>真菌。从土壤样品中分离到的主要菌群仍为常见种属，如青霉属（Penicillium）、木霉属（Trichoderma）、拟青霉（Paecilomyces）等。 2、经过初筛菌株的铊耐受性实验，在1000 mg/L水平筛选得到九株高耐受性菌株。吸附实验表明：微生物菌株对铊的吸附效率在4.63～16.89%，且随着环境中铊浓度的上升而降低，这可能是因为铊浓度的升高加大了对微生物生长的抑制作用，所形成的菌丝体（或菌丝球）减少，表面积也相应减少，从而导致了吸附效率的下降。各种常量元素和铊的关系呈显著相关性，钙、钾和钠等常量元素也是微生物赖以维持生存的因子，可能由于微生物细胞对钙、钾的吸附方式与对铊的吸附方式类似。因此，随着铊处理浓度的上升，钙和钾的吸附量也随之减少，而钠则呈现相反的趋势。 3、富集实验表明，九株菌株对铊的富集量随着铊处理浓度上升而降低，其影响趋势与对生物量的影响趋势基本一致，最高可达到7189 mg/kg，最大富集系数为7.2。九株菌株对常量元素的富集与对铊的富集并无明显的相关性，但在考察铊处理浓度对常量元素的富集影响时发现，铊处理浓度的上升与对钙的富集量表现出较强的正相关；而对钾、钠、镁的富集影响并不明显。 4、亚细胞水平上的铊分布研究表明，铊的富集优先顺序为：细胞质>细胞壁>细胞器。亚细胞水平的区隔化作用是微生物对铊的主要耐受机制，细胞质是赋存铊的主要场所（53.83～79.45 %）。结合各亚细胞组分中常量元素与铊之间的相关性，并联系前人的研究，Tl+主要是通过细胞壁的Na+ -K+ ATPase和K+ -电位门通道进入细胞内的从而影响细胞的正常代谢的，而Ca2+的活化更有助于这一过程。 5、絮凝实验表明，培养三天后的发酵液对矿区废水中铊的去除率最高可达到70.49 %，最佳影响因子组合为：pH=8，温度为16℃，搅拌时间为4分钟。菌株的絮凝活性最高可达到57.32%，最佳影响因子组合为：pH=8，温度为14℃，搅拌时间为4分钟。 6、通过对九株铊高耐受性菌株的ITS序列分析及其在Gene Bank中的BLAST比对结果表明，五株菌株同属于木霉属（Trichoderma），两株菌株同属于青霉属（Penicillium）。这表明这两类真菌对铊的适应性较强，为以后寻找铊高耐受性菌株及其资源化利用提供了理论基础。

Synthesis of a terbium fluorescent chelate and its application to time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay

A new nonadentate ligand, N, N, N-1, N-1-[2,6-bis(3'-aminomethyl-1 1'-pyrazolyl)-4-phenylpyridine]tetrakis(acetic acid) (BPTA) for a Tb3+ fluorescent complex was synthesized. The Tb3+ complex is strongly fluorescent, having a large fluorescence quantum yield of 1.00 and very long fluorescence lifetime of 2.681 ms in 0.05 M berate buffer of pH 9.1. Streptavidin (SA) was labeled with SPTA by using its succinimidyl monoester, and the BPTA-Tb3+-labeled SA was used in sandwich-type time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) of alpha -fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human sera. The Tb3+-labeled SA was also used in competitive type TR-FIA of bensulfuron- methyl (BSM) in water. The detection limits of these assays are 42 pg/mL for AFP, 70 pg/mL for CEA, and 0.4 ng/mL for BSM. In addition, a new simultaneous measurement method for AFP and CEA in a human serum sample was developed by using 4,4'-bis(1 " ,1 " ,1 " ,2 " ,2 " ,3 " ,3 " -heptafluoro-4 " ,6 " -hexanedion-6 " -yl)chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl ((BHHCT)-Eu3+-labeled anti-AFP antibody, biotinylated anti-CEA antibody, and BPTA-Tb3+-labeled SA. The concentrations of AFP and CEA in 39 human serum samples were determined, and the results were compared with those of the independently determined AFP and CEA by TR-FIA with a single-label method. A good correlation was obtained with the correlation coefficients of 0.991 for AFP and 0.994 for CEA.