新生期触觉刺激和母婴分离对雌性大鼠成年后的焦虑和情绪记忆的影响

采用split-litter法对仔鼠进行分组和处理,共5组NTS组(未经实验人员抓握和标记),PND2—9TS组和PND10—17TS组(分别在仔鼠出生后的2—9天、10—17天,每天短暂抓握和标记仔鼠),PND2—9MS组和PND10—17MS组(分别在仔鼠出生后的2—9天、10—17天,除了按TS组相同方式抓握并在不同部位标记外,每天把仔鼠与母鼠分离1h)。待雌鼠成年后,进行明/暗箱测试和一次性被动回避反应测试。结果发现与NTS组相比,PND2—9TS组和PND10—17TS组的雌鼠在明/暗箱测试中停留于明室的累计时间明显较长,在被动回避作业中的重测试潜伏期也明显较长,表明新生期的触觉刺激经历减少雌性大鼠成年后在新异环境中的焦虑,并改善情绪记忆。与相应TS组相比,MS处理组的所有行为指标都无显著性差异,说明短时间母婴分离对雌鼠成年后的焦虑和情绪记忆无明显影响。结果提示,新生期的触觉刺激和母婴分离经历对仔鼠神经系统的发育产生不同的长期效应。

尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒凝血酶样成分的研究Ⅲ:蛇毒凝血酶止血效应的研究

将纯化的蛇毒凝血酶(TLE_(3)、TLE_(4)), 经家免试验表明, 2—3凝血酶单位/kg体 重剂量能显著地使家兔全血凝血时间短1/3—1/2。药后1h即有促凝作用, 以2—4h凝血(止血)效应最强, 12h已消失。经家兔及家犬实验性创伤止血实验表明, 对创伤出血有止血作用。表2参11

我国首株噬藻体(蓝藻病毒)的分离与鉴定

分离得到一株裂解织线藻和席藻的噬藻体。对该噬藻体的研究发现:光照条件是感染所必需的,但不依赖于金属离子(如镁离子);裂解织线藻的周期(27℃条件下)为4h,其中潜伏期为3h,最后的1h为裂解期,病毒释放量约200 PFU/细胞,感染过程中,织线藻的放氧速率急剧下降,此外还发现:40℃下处理10min,噬藻体保持100％活性;50℃下处理1min,失活率小于25％;50℃下处理10min,失活率为40％;60℃下处理1min,失活率为85％;60℃下处理10min,失活率大于99％,在电子显微镜下可以观察到

池养雄性白鱀豚性自慰行为与血清睾酮浓度之间的关系

自 1996年 3月至 1998年 12月 ,作者采用放射免疫分析法每月 1次测定雄性白豚 (Lipotesvexillifer)“淇淇”血清睾酮浓度。春季每天 1次 ,其它季节每三天 1次 ,每次 1h ,用目标动物取样法观察“淇淇”的行为。结果发现 ,性自慰 (腹面贴池壁、伸出阴茎 )行为的发生频率和血清睾酮激素水平都有周期性变化 ,春季为高峰期 ,秋季有 1个小峰 ,性自慰行为与血清睾酮激素浓度两者的周期较为一致。从性自慰行为和血清睾酮激素水平季节变化 ,推测出“淇淇”性腺活动的周期性变化 ,活动

氯霉素在健康、沙门氏菌病和肝损害小型猪体内的药代动力学研究

本文研究了氯霉素单次静脉注射后,在健康、沙门氏菌病和肝损害小型猪体内的药代动力学,以观察疾病对氯霉素在动物体内变化过程的影响.从颈静脉导管采血.药物浓度用高效液相色谱法测定.结果表明,沙门氏菌感染和肝损伤后。氯霉素的动力学发生显著改变.在健康动物体内为一室开放模型.消除半衰期(l_(1/2)β)为1.1h.而在两种疾病动物体内则为二室开放模型,消除半衰期(l(1/2)β)分别为1.68h和1.63h。极显著延长(p<0.01).最后根据有关动力学参数制定了相应的给药方案.

Waterborne exposure to fluorotelomer alcohol 6:2 FTOH alters plasma sex hormone and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of zebrafish

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) have shown estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of this activity is not known. In this study, 18-week-old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/l 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctan-1-ol (6:2 ETCH) for 7 days, and the effects on plasma sex hormone levels were measured followed by use of real-time PCR to examine selected gene expression in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and liver. Exposure to 6:2 FTOH significantly increased plasma estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels in both males and females. Furthermore, the ratio of T/E2 was reduced in females while increased in males. In females, the increase of E2 was accompanied by up-regulated hepatic estrogenic receptor alpha (ER alpha) and vitellogenin (VTG1 and VTG3) expression. In males, the elevation of the T level is consistent with the up-regulation of cytochrome P450 c17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17, 20-lase (CYP17) and the down-regulation of cytochrome P450 aromatase A (CYP19A). The present study demonstrated that waterborne exposure to 6:2 FTOH alter plasma sex hormone levels and the ratio of T/E2, as well as the transcriptional profiles of some genes in the HPG axis and liver. The results suggested that FTOHs may disturb fish reproduction through endocrine disrupted activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of estrogenic activities and mechanism of action of perfluorinated chemicals determined by vitellogenin induction in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes

Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are widely present in the environment, wildlife and humans. Recently, reports have suggested that PFCs may have endocrine-disrupting activities. In the present study, we have developed a non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to investigate estrogenic activities of selected PFCs using vitellogenin (VTG) induction in primary cultured hepatocytes of freshwater male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Cultured hepatocytes were exposed to various concentrations of perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS), pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluoro-1-hexanol (4:2 FTOH), 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctanol (6:2 FTOH) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-1-decanol (8:2 FTOH) for 48h, while 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were used as positive controls. A dose-dependent induction of VTG was observed in E2-, 4-NP-, PFOS-, PFOA- and 6:2 FrOH-treated cells, whereas VTG levels remained unchanged in the 4:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH exposure groups at the concentrations tested. The estimated 48-h EC50 values for E2,4-NP, PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 FTOH were 4.7 x 10(-7), 7.1 x 10(-6), 1.5 x 10(-5), 2.9 x 10(-5) and 2.8 x 10(-5) M, respectively. In the time-course study, significant VTG induction took place at 24 h (E2), 6 It (4-NP), 48 It (PFOS), 48 It (PFOA), 72 It (4:2 FTOH), 12 h (6:2 FTOH), 72 h (8:2 FTOH), and increased further after 96 It of exposure. Co-exposure to binary mixtures of individual PFCs and E2 for 48 It significantly inhibited E2-induced hepatocellular VTG production in a dose-dependent manner except for 4:2 FTOH. The estimated 48-h IC50 (concentration of a compound that elicits 50% inhibition of maximally E2-induced VTG) values for PFOS, PFOA, 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTOH were 3.1 x 10(-7), 5.1 X 10(-7), 1.1 X 10(-6) and 7.5 x 10(-7) M, respectively. In order to further investigate the estrogenic mechanism of PFCs, the hepatocytes were co-exposed to binary mixtures of individual chemicals (E2,4-NP, PFOS, PFOA and 6:2 FTOH) and the known estrogen receptor inhibitor tamoxifen for 48 h; tamoxifen significantly inhibited the ability of these chemicals to stimulate vitellogenesis. The overall results demonstrated that PFOS, PFOA and FTOHs have estrogenic activities and that exposure to a combination of E2 and PFCs produced anti-estrogenic effects. The results of the estrogen receptor inhibition assay further suggested that the estrogenic effect of PFCs may be mediated by the estrogen receptor pathway in primary cultured tilapia hepatocytes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hole Spin Relaxation in an Ultrathin InAs Monolayer

We investigate the spin relaxation time of holes in an ultrathin neutral InAs monolayer (1.5 ML) and compare with that of electrons, using polarization-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) experiments. With excitation energies above the GaAs gap, we observe a rather slow relaxation of holes (tau(1h) = 196 +/- 17 ps) that is in the magnitude similar to electrons (tau(1e) = 354 +/- 32 ps) in this ultrathin sample. The results are in good agreement with earlier theoretical prediction, and the phonon scattering due to spin-orbit coupling is realized to play a dominant role in the carrier spin kinetics.

Optimization and characterization of the guest-host polyetherketone polymer films for application in integrated optical devices

In order to optimize the loading of 3-(1, 1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pryazole (DCNP) in polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest-host polymer films, ten kinds of DCNP/PEK-c thin films, in which the weight per cent of DCNP changes from 5 to 50, were prepared. Their second-order nonlinear optical coefficients chi(33)((2)) at 1064 nm were measured by Using Maker fringe method after poling under the optimal poling condition. Their optical waveguide transmission losses were measured at 632.8 nm. Optimal weight per cent of the chromophore for the DCNP/PEK-c guest-host polymer system has been determined as about 20 for use in the integrated optical devices.

Investigation on the nonlinear optical properties of the DCNP/PEK-c guest-host polymer films

The polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest-host polymer thin films doped with 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pryazole (DCNP) were prepared. The polymer films were investigated with in situ second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurement. The corona poling temperature was optimized by the temperature dependence of the in situ SHG signal intensity under the poling electric field applying. The temporal and temperature stability of the second-order properties of the poled polymer film were measured by the in situ SHG signal intensity probing. The second-order NLO coefficient chi ((2))(33) = 32.65 pm/V at lambda = 1064 nm was determined by using the Makel fringe method after poling under the optimal poling condition. The dispersion of the NLO coefficient of the guest-host polymer system was determined by the measured value of chi ((2))(33) at 1064 nm and the two-level model.

Dielectric relaxation of poled polymer DCNP/PMMA

We have prepared the polymer thin films of a 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (DChTP)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) guest-host system by spin coating. In order to investigate their temporal and temperature stability, we have measured their dielectric relaxation spectra including the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants. The investigated frequency ranged from 50 Hz to 10 MHz. The measured temperature range above the glass transition temperature T-g (95 degrees C) of the DCNP/PMMA system was from 95 degrees C to 1250C. By using the Adam-Gibbs model, the temperature dependence of the characteristic time tau above T-g was fitted, and the values of the characteristic times tau below T-g were estimated. The lifetimes of the polymer were evaluated by the Kohlrausch-Williams Watts (KWW) empirical decay model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of the electrostatic interactions of chromophores on the macroscopic second-order nonlinear optical properties of the polymer films

The polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest-host system thin films doped with 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pryazole (DCNP) were prepared. Their second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients chi(33)((2)) were measured by using Maker fringe method for the polymer films doped with different weight percents of DCNP. Experimental results indicate that the second-order NLO properties of the poled polymer films could decrease with the chromophore loading increasing when the chromophore loading reaches a fairly high level. In this paper, the relationship between the macroscopic second-order NLO coefficient and the chromophore number density was modified under considering the role of the electrostatic interactions of chromophores in the polymer film. According to the modified relationship, the macroscopic second-order NLO coefficient is no longer in direct proportion with the chromophore number density in the polymer film. The effect of the electrostatic interactions of chromophores on second-order NLO properties was discussed. The attenuation of the macroscopic second-order NLO activity can be demonstrated by the role of the chromophore electrostatic interactions at high loading of chromophore in the polymer systems.

Electro-optical properties and temporal stability of the guest-host DCNP/PEK-c polymer thin film

The polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest-host system thin films in which the range of the weight percent of 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4, 5- dihydro-1H-pryazole (DCNP) is from 20% to 50% were prepared. The predicted high value of electro-optical (EO) coefficient gamma(33) = 48.8 pm/V by using two-level model was obtained when the weight percent of DCNP in the polymer system is 40%, whereas EO coefficients are attenuated at higher chromophore loading then 40%. The temporal stability of the EO activity of the guest-host polymer was evaluated by probing the decay of the orientational order of the chromophores in the polymer system.

玻璃管附载TiO_2光催化反应器去除饮用水中微量有机物的研究

对光催化氧化降解有机物的机理和玻璃管附载TiO2 光催化反应器的结构作了简介，对光催化反应处理饮用水中微量有机优先污染物的实验过程和测试方法进行了描述。试验结果：水中常见有机优先污染物如三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和三氯乙烯，经1h 的反应处理，去除率均达到95% 以上。该反应器结构简单，运行方便，性能稳定，是一种很有商业开发前途的饮用水深度净化装置。

主链含六元氮杂环聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

聚酰亚胺是一类综合性能优异的耐热高分子材料，不仅具有很高的热性能，机械性能，和化学稳定性，还具有较低的介电常数和热膨胀系数，使它在航空，航天工业，微电子工业等诸多领域获得了广泛的应用。研究发现芳杂环的引入能为聚酰亚胺带来一定特殊的性能，因而由芳杂环单体合成的聚酰亚胺一直备受关注。近年来由含氮杂环的单体合成的聚酰亚胺及其性能不断被报道，这些聚合物具有很优异的性能。研究表明这些优异的性能与酰亚胺环的对称性，芳香性和杂原子带来的极性有关。吡啶、嘧啶等芳杂环是刚性的芳杂环分子，具有很好的耐热性能及化学稳定性能，而且杂环中的N 原子又可与金属离子配位和质子化。因而，含吡啶(或嘧啶)环聚合物在具有很好的热稳定性及化学稳定性同时，还会具有较好的可加工性。本论文以硝基取代的vinamidinium salts，amidine salts和易烯醇化的羰基化合物为原料，通过在碱性条件下的环化反应得到得含吡啶环(或嘧啶环)的硝基化合物；硝基化合物用Pd/C和水合肼还原得到棒状含氮芳杂环二胺：2,5-二(4-氨基苯基)嘧啶，2-氨基-5-(4-氨基苯基)嘧啶，2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基嘧啶，2,5-二(4-氨基苯基)吡啶，和2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基吡啶。通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、IR、MS及元素分析确证了含氮芳杂环二胺及其中间产物的结构。这种二胺或加一定量对苯二胺与均苯二酐(PMDA)或联苯二酐(BPDA)通过两步法聚合获得一系列聚酰亚胺，通过红外、动态力学、静态力学、热重分析、广角X-Ray衍射等实验测试了该类聚合物的结构、热性能、机械性能及结晶性能。研究表明，所得聚酰亚胺的分子链有很高的规整性，表现出很好的化学稳定性，优异的热性能和机械性能。当PPD的含量为50%时，由相同二酐单体所得的聚合物具有最好的综合性能，其中杂环中氮原子的极性对维持聚合物的热稳定性和聚合物在高温条件下的机械性能性起着很重要的作用。并将PPD的含量为50%的聚酰胺酸胶液通过干-湿纺，热亚胺化，和高温牵伸获得聚酰亚胺纤维，并研究了亚胺化条件和牵伸条件对聚酰亚胺纤维性能的影响。