Research on multi-degree-of-freedom neurons with weighted graphs

In this paper, we redefine the sample points set in the feature space from the point of view of weighted graph and propose a new covering model - Multi-Degree-of-Freedorn Neurons (MDFN). Base on this model, we describe a geometric learning algorithm with 3-degree-of-freedom neurons. It identifies the sample points secs topological character in the feature space, which is different from the traditional "separation" method. Experiment results demonstrates the general superiority of this algorithm over the traditional PCA+NN algorithm in terms of efficiency and accuracy.

Ultrafast geometric manipulation of electron spin and detection of the geometric phase via Faraday rotation spectroscopy

Time-resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy is currently exploited as a powerful technique to probe spin dynamics in semiconductors. We propose here an all-optical approach to geometrically manipulate electron spin and to detect the geometric phase by this type of extremely sensitive experiment. The global nature of the geometric phase can make the quantum manipulation more stable, which may find interesting applications in quantum devices.

Face recognition based on PCA and multi-degree of freedom neurons

An algorithm of PCA face recognition based on Multi-degree of Freedom Neurons theory is proposed, which based on the sample sets' topological character in the feature space which is different from "classification". Compare with the traditional PCA+NN algorithm, experiments prove its efficiency.

Research on multi-degree-of-freedom neurons with weighted graphs

In this paper, we redefine the sample points set in the feature space from the point of view of weighted graph and propose a new covering model - Multi-Degree-of-Freedorn Neurons (MDFN). Base on this model, we describe a geometric learning algorithm with 3-degree-of-freedom neurons. It identifies the sample points secs topological character in the feature space, which is different from the traditional "separation" method. Experiment results demonstrates the general superiority of this algorithm over the traditional PCA+NN algorithm in terms of efficiency and accuracy.

Complex networks constructed from irrational number sequences

In this paper, we construct (d, r) networks from sequences of different irrational numbers. In detail, segment an irrational number sequence of length M into groups of d digits which represent the nodes while two consecutive groups overlap by r digits (r = 0,1,...,d-1), and the undirected edges indicate the adjacency between two consecutive groups. (3, r) and (4, r) networks are respectively constructed from 14 different irrational numbers and their topological properties are examined. By observation, we find that network topologies change with different values of d, r and even sequence length M instead of the types of irrational numbers, although they share some similar features with traditional random graphs. We make a further investigation to explain these interesting phenomena and propose the identical-degree random graph model. The results presented in this paper provide some insight into distributions of irrational number digits that may help better understanding of the nature of irrational numbers.

两类模糊PID控制器的等价性分析

变论域与变分布模糊PID控制器是两类不同的自适应模糊控制器 ,分别通过调整转换因子与隶属函数分布对模糊控制器的性能进行调节。利用模糊控制器结构分析方法对这两类模糊PID控制器的本质进行了深入分析。通过分析可以得出结论 ,在一定条件下这两类模糊PID控制器在性能调节方面是等价的。此结论将对这两种模糊PID控制器的应用提供参考

Operational characteristics of a 1.2-MW biomass gasification and power generation plant

In this study, we analyzed the operational characteristics of a 1.2-MW rice husk gasification and power generation plant located in Changxing, Zhejiang province, China. The influences of gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), feeding rate and rice husk water content on the gasification characteristics in a fluidized bed gasifier were investigated. The axial temperature profile in the dense phase of the gasifier showed that inadequate fluidization occurred inside the bed, and that the temperature was closely related to changes in ER and feeding rate. The bed temperature increased linearly with increasing ER when the feeding rate was kept constant, while a higher feeding rate corresponded to a lower bed temperature at fixed ER. The gas heating value decreased with increasing temperature, while the feeding rate had little effect. When the gasification temperature was 700-800C, the gas heating value ranged from 5450-6400kJ/Nm3. The water content of the rice husk had an obvious influence on the operation of the gasifier: increases in water content up to 15% resulted in increasing ER and gas yield, while water contents above 15% caused aberrant temperature fluctuations. The problems in this plant are discussed in the light of operational experience of MW-scale biomass gasification and power generation plants.

Development of a self-thermal insulation miniature combustor

A novel miniature cylindrical combustor, whose chamber wall is made of porous material, has been designed and experimented for reducing heat loss and enhancing flame stability. The combustor has the function of reducing wall heat loss, extending residence time and avoiding radical chemical quenching with a self-thermal insulation concept in which heat loss reduction is obtained by the opposite flow directions between thermal energy transfer and mass flow. The methane/air mixture flames formed in the chamber are blue and tubular in shape. Between the flames and the porous wall, there is a thin unburned film that plays a significant role in reducing the flames' heat loss and keeping the flames stable. The porous wall temperature was 150-400 degrees C when the temperatures of the flames and exhaust gas were more than 1200 degrees C. When the equivalence ratio phi < 1.0, the methane conversion ratio was above 95%; the combustion efficiency was near 90%; and the overall sidewall heat loss was less than 15% in the 1.53 cm(3) chamber. Moreover, its combustion efficiency is stable in a wider combustion load (input power) range.

有机化合物结构自动解析专家系统研究

本文建立了一个能用于含N、P、O、S、Si及卤素等多种杂原子的有机化合物结构自动解析专家系统ESESOC(Expert System for the Elucidation of the Structure of Orsanic Compounds)。它可从未知化合物的分子式、光谱数据(包括IR, MS，~1HNMK ~(13)CNMR, 2D-NMR等)及其它化学信息自动地推衍出与己知信息相一致的候选化合物结构。ESESOC系统由三个部分组成：(1)光谱知识库及其光谱解释模块；(2)结构产生器；(3)结构验证模块。其结构解析基本过程为：从分子式、光谱数据或其它化学信息出发，由未知化合物的光谱数据去检索光谱知识库，即进行数据分析并推断出该未知化合物中可能含有的结构碎片，然后由结构产生器从这些结构碎片进行候选化合物结构的穷举生成，最后对候选结构进行验证并输出结果。从而实现由化合物光谱数据鉴别未知化合物结构的自动化。结构产生器是系统的核心模块。对一个结构产生器的基本要求是：穷举性，非冗余性，有效性。要完成一个能实际使用的结构产生器，效率则是至关重要的。ESESOC系统生成结果的穷举和非冗余性己通过与图论计算结果及著名的DENDRAL系统的生成结果相比较得以证明。如由本系统生成的烷烃系列C_nH_(2n+2)，及醇、醚系列C_nH_(2n+2)0的异构体数目与图论理论计算的数目相同；对C_5H_n n = 12，10，8，6，4，2，O；C_6H_n n = 14，12，lO，8，6，4，2，O系列，及含多种杂原子(O、N、S等)的复杂体系，其异构体生成结果则与DENDRAL系统的生成结果完全一致(DENDRAL系统的结构生成算法是经数学证明了是正确的，其结果已被很多系统引为穷举和非冗余性的例证)。关于ESESOC系统的有效性，在同一计算机上测试结果表明ESESOC系统的结构生成效率比著名的日本的CHEMICS系统高很多倍。结构解析专家系统另一重要组成部分为谱图知识库，它是逻辑推理的基础。专家系统的效能取决于其子结构一子光谱相关的知识库的有效性，所以要建造一个有效的~(13)CNMR知识库，关键在于建立一个好的子结构模型．在~(13)CNMR知识库中，子结构的概念与常规的子结构概念有所不同，它包括两个组成部分，(1)中心原子，它对应于一个化学位移；(2)环境部分，结构环境决定了中心原子的化学位移峰的位置。子结构模型的选择要适当兼顾信息全面和防止“组合爆炸”两个因素。ESESOC系统从~(13)CNMR本身的特征出发，提出了不确定层数的子结构模型。即以共振碳原子为中心，以与之相连的完整的官能团为外围环境，对这样的子结构，其外围环境根据官能团的不同可以是一层、或二层乃至多层，即环境层数是可变的。此即为ESESOC系统的广义-层子结构模型，它具有包含结构信息全，所有可能存在的子结构数量适中等优点。在此子结构模型的基础上，从CIAC-~(13)CNMR谱图数据库统计出。~(13)CNMR知识库，即子结构-~(13)CNMR化学位移相关表。ESESOC系统中结构验证方法有： ~(13)CNMR谱峰数预测，~(13)CNMR波谱模拟，应力能计算等。在结构解析专家系统研究中还涉及到如下三个问题：(1)结构编码；(2)结构之间相互比较；(3)结构中原子的对称性分析。在本研究中，对这些问题都提出了新的方案，并均获得较好结果。(1)在建造化合物结构信息系统时，首先要解决化合物结构的计算描述，即结构编码问题，以进行化合物结构的计算机存储和管理。为此我们提出了两种新的拓扑指数编码方案，即ID指数和EAID指数。由ESESOC结构产生器穷生成了含1-22个碳原子的380多万个链烷烃异构体，含1-12四价碳原子的20多万仑复杂多环异构体及40多万个含杂原子的化合物，通过对这3个系列共440多万个化合物结构的验证，结果表明，ID和EAID指数对这440多万个化合物结构均能唯一地区分，即没有出现简并(简并是指两个或多个不同的结构具有相同的拓扑指数值)。这是迄今未见报道的。(2)在计算机结构信息处理中，最常遇到的一个问题就是确认一个结构是新结构还是为已知结构，这就要把该结构与库中的结构进行逐个比较。为了结构的比较，我们以二维连接表描述化合物的结构，因连接表随化合中原子的编序的变化而变化，因而就需要有一套序号赋值规则，无论结构图在画法或形状以及原子的序号上如何变化，都可使得结构图中的各原子按该规则得到唯一的排序方案。ESESOC系统的唯一性序号方案集中了Morgan算法及其改进方案之所长，并加入新的图的不变量，如最小环指数等以正确地划分分子中的原子，从而得到一个新的唯一性排序方案，该方案效率较高，可适用于各类复杂化合物。在ESESOC系统中，我们还以一维的整数数组来存贮和管理二维连接表，即得到压缩连接表，这在结构比较时大大地节省了系统开销，提高了比较速度。在同一结构中，若各原子由两种不同编序方案得到同一连接矩阵，则与某一序号所对应的两个原子所在结构图中的拓扑环境是等价的，也就是说两个节点是拓扑等价的，或具有拓扑对称性(Topological Symmetry)。化合物结构中原子的唯一性排序算法，有机化物结构异构体穷举生成过程中冗余对接的消除，NMR谱模拟等都与拓扑对称性密切相关。在ESESOC系统建造过程中，我们提出了三个新的拓扑等价性分析算法，它们是基于节点矩阵的拓扑等价性算法，基于全通道算法的拓扑等价性算法，以及基于扩展连接矩阵算法的拓扑等价性算法。这些算法结果准确，效率高，适用于各类化合物。

THE MATRIX ANALYSIS FOR AN OPTICAL FREE-SPACE SWITCHING NETWORK AND AN OPTICAL CROSSOVER NETWORK WITH 4-FUNCTION INTERCHANGE NODES

A matrix analysis for free-space switching networks, such as perfect shuffle-exchange omega, crossover and Banyan is presented. On the basis of matrix analysis, the equivalence of these three switching networks and the route selection between input and output ports are simply explained. Furthermore, an optical crossover switching network, where MQW SEED arrays are used as electrically addressed four-function interchange nodes, is described and the optical crossover interconnection of 64 x 64, and high-speed four-function, interchange nodes is demonstrated in the experiment.

Performance of supersonic model combustors with staged injections of supercritical aviation kerosene

Supersonic model combustors using two-stage injections of supercritical kerosene were experimentally investigated in both Mach 2.5 and 3.0 model combustors with stagnation temperatures of approximately 1,750 K. Supercritical kerosene of approximately 760 K was prepared and injected in the overall equivalence ratio range of 0.5-1.46. Two pairs of integrated injector/flameholder cavity modules in tandem were used to facilitate fuel-air mixing and stable combustion. For single-stage fuel injection at an upstream location, it was found that the boundary layer separation could propagate into the isolator with increasing fuel equivalence ratio due to excessive local heat release, which in turns changed the entry airflow conditions. Moving the fuel injection to a further downstream location could alleviate the problem, while it would result in a decrease in combustion efficiency due to shorter fuel residence time. With two-stage fuel injections the overall combustor performance was shown to be improved and kerosene injections at fuel rich conditions could be reached without the upstream propagation of the boundary layer separation into the isolator. Furthermore, effects of the entry Mach number and pilot hydrogen on combustion performance were also studied.

Study on peak overpressure and flame propagation speed of gas deflagration in the tube with obstacles

The on-way peak overpressure and flame propagation speed of gas deflagration in the tube with obstacles are important data for process safety. Based on carbon monoxide deflagration experiments, the paper presents a multi-zone integration model for calculation of on-way peak overpressure, in which the tube with obstacles is considered as a series of venting explosion enclosures which link each others. The analysis of experimental data indicates that the on-way peak overpressure of gas deflagration can be correlated as an empirical formula with equivalence ratio of carbon monoxide oxidation, expansion ratio, flame path length, etc., and that the on-way peak overpressure exhibits a linear relationship with turbulence factor and flame propagation speed. An empirical formula of flame propagation speed is given.