合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅰ):离焦和相位偏置望远镜接收天线

把合成孔径激光成像雷达的目标衍射区分为三个区域,提出采用离焦或者附加空间相位调制板的光学接收望远镜补偿回波像差。当目标处于菲涅耳衍射区时可采用离焦或偏置望远镜补偿回波二次项离焦像差并产生用于孔径合成的二次项相位历程;目标处于夫琅和费衍射区时可以采用离焦或偏置望远镜补偿回波二次项离焦像差但不产生相位历程;目标处于瑞利-索末菲衍射区域时不可能补偿回波高阶像差。

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅱ):空间相位偏置发射望远镜

报道一种可以进行空间相位偏置的光学望远镜,用作合成孔径激光成像雷达中的光学发射天线。在望远镜内放置相位调制平板,控制望远镜的离焦量和位相调制平板的相位函数,能够在激光望远镜的照明区产生可控制的附加空间相位二次项,灵活改变激光照明波前,以在目标回波接收信号中产生雷达运动方向上的所需的二次项相位历程,因此能够实现特定的方位向成像分辨率。

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅲ):双向环路发射接收望远镜

提出了一种用于合成孔径激光成像雷达的双向环路结构的发射接收望远镜,双向环路包括发射4-f转像系统、接收4-f转像系统和独立的望远镜。发射通道中设置离焦和相位调制平板偏置,接收通道中设置离焦和相位平板偏置。控制发射离焦量,发射相位调制函数,接收离焦量,接收相位调制函数,用同一个望远镜可以同时实现空间二次项相位附加偏置的激光发射和消除目标点散射回波接收波面像差的离焦光学接收,并产生雷达运动方向上合适的和可控制的相位二次项历程,从而实现孔径合成成像。详细介绍了系统设计,给出了从发射到光电外差接收的全过程传输方程。

自由空间激光远距离传输的地面模拟研究

根据透镜的傅里叶变换性质，提出了采用光学傅里叶变换加级联光学成像放大并结合有限口径接收的方法来实现自由空间激光光束远距离传输的实验室模拟。由此原理设计了自由空间激光远距离传输模拟装置，该装置主要由大口径、长焦距的傅里叶变换平行光管和三级成像放大镜所组成，最大等效传输距离达2.4×10^5km，可用于星间激光通信终端综合通信性能的评估，在设定的误码率下测量终端可能的通信距离，或者在设定的作用通信距离下检测通信的误码率。

Computation of the ambiguity function for circularly symmetric pupils

A method of computing the ambiguity function (AF) for a circularly symmetric pupil function is presented. The AFs of a clear aperture and two shaded apertures are considered in detail and an explicit expression for the first of these AFs is given. We explain these results in the context of the well-known optical transfer function theory and show a primary application of these computations. A good analytic approximation is also introduced, providing an alternative method for calculating the AF, in a simpler way.

基于光栅成像投影的微位移检测方法

提出了一种基于光栅成像投影的微位移检测方法，利用光学傅里叶变换原理给出了具体的理论分析。准直激光束照明的光栅通过一个4f系统成像投影在被测物体表面上，光栅投影经过被测物体表面反射后由另一个4f系统成像在探测光栅上。探测光栅由一个透镜组成像在光电探测器上，其中采用由起偏器、光弹调制器和检偏器组成的偏振调制单元对探测光强进行调制。通过在4f系统的频谱面上设置滤波光阑，在光电探测器上获得了与被测物体的微位移成正弦关系的光强变化，检测出光电探测器上的光强变化即可以获得被测物体的位移量。实验验证了该检测方法的可行性

孔径光阑限制下高斯光束的传输

对高斯光束在硬边孔径限制下的衍射进行了详细的理论研究，就不同口径的圆孔限制下高斯光束在菲涅耳衍射区和夫琅禾费衍射区的分布进行了理论分析，从而得到了孔径受限高斯光束的横向以及轴向的衍射公式，进而对高斯光束在不同衍射区域内衍射光场分布形状随孔径尺寸变化时的演化规律进行了数值计算，并对小口径光阑受限的高斯光束的衍射与平行光经同尺寸光阑的衍射进行了比较。结果表明在较小口径下，两者的分布基本一致。得到的孔径光阑限制下高斯光束的传输规律为高斯光束在自由空间光通信和光学超分辨中的应用提供了理论基础。

Highly sensitive wave-front sensor with a non-zero-order phase plate

We propose a novel highly sensitive wave front detection method for a quick check of a flat wave front by taking advantage of a non-zero-order pi phase plate that yields a non-zero-order diffraction pattern. When a light beam with a flat wave front illuminates a phase plate, the zero-order intensity is zero. When there is a slight distortion of the wave front, the zero-order intensity increases. The ratio of first-order intensity to that of zero-order intensity is used as the criterion with which to judge whether the wave front under test is flat, eliminating the influence of background light. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is efficient, robust, and cost-effective and should be highly interesting for a quick check of a flat wave front of a large-aperture laser beam and adaptive optical systems. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Measurement of the diffraction-limit wavefront with double-shearing interferometers

In order to measure the diffraction-limit wavefront, we present three types of common-path double-shearing interferometers based on the theory of double shearing. Two pairs of half-aperture or whole-aperture wedge plates are used to introduce opposite tilt to realize the double-shearing function. By comparing the fringe widths in two fields, the marginal wavefront aberration can be obtained. In the paper, we give three different configurations: half-aperture configuration, whole-field configuration and double-interferometer configuration. The half-aperture configuration has the features of high sensitivity, stabilization and easy alignment. For the whole-field configuration, the interference fringes are displayed in two whole fields. Consequently, the divergent or convergent characteristic and aberration types of a wavefront can be identified visually. The whole-field configuration can be changed to the double-interferometer configuration for continuous test. Both small and large wavefront aberrations can be measured by the double-interferometer configuration. The minimum detectable wavefront aberration (W-0)(min) comes to 0.03 lambda. Lastly, we present the experimental results for the three types of double-shearing interferometers.

一种基于编码孔径成像原理的三维成像方法

三维成像技术因其应用广泛而备受关注。根据编码孔径成像的基本原理，提出了一种非相干可见光三维成像方法。这种两步成像方法的第一步采用空间位置编码的照相机阵列对物体拍照，在第二步中，首先将照相机阵列拍照得到的物体照片根据拍照时的位置关系合成为一幅图像，然后采用计算机程序模拟光学反投影解码方法解码再现出物体不同深度的表面分层图像。设计了初步的实验，该实验采用1部照相机依次在各编码位置对物体模型拍照，编码形式是包含9个点的无冗余阵列形式，物体模型只包含2个深度层次，布置在距离照相机阵列1．5m的地方。实验得到了信噪

应用分割矩阵全局优化算法设计用于编码孔径成像的二维阵列

二维编码阵列是编码孔径成像的关键部件，它直接决定着再现的层析图像的质量。目前仍没有一种理想的二维阵列既具有较高的量子收集率，又具有良好的层析成像特性。采用一种新的方法——分割矩阵（DIRECT）全局优化算法，设计二维阵列，该算法适用于多变量“黑盒”问题的求解，并且具有比其他优化算法更快的收敛速度。其目的是设计一类自相关函数旁瓣最大值为1，同时具有最火填充率的二维编码阵列。理论分析及实验结果表明：用该算法搜索得到的二维阵列既具有较高的量子收集率，又具有良好的层析成像特性。

圆孔受限波差高斯光束的远场近似及发散度分析

引入复高斯函数对衍射受限的圆孔进行了复高斯分解，得到了波差高斯光束远场衍射的近似解析式。在各种参量条件下，近似解析式所表示的衍射图样与严格的夫琅和费衍射积分的衍射图样完全一致，这表明用此解析式表征远场衍射是正确的。它的形式相对简单，为计算带来极大的方便。基于此，对有波差的高斯光束的远场发散度进行了深入的研究，检验了确定参量的光束随距离的改变而发散度不被改变的特性；同时，探讨了在圆孔限制下，发散度随高斯光束的束腰及波差的改变而变化的关系曲线，结果表明，这两个参量是影响发散度的主要因素。

Collimation testing using axial intensity

We proposed a new method of measuring the degree of collimation of laser beam using axial intensity information near paraxial focus. Preceding methods for collimation testing are mainly either based on self-imaging or interferometric techniques. The new method is to employ the diffraction behavior of noncollimated wave in circular aperture diaphragm. The principle of the proposed method and experiment results are presented. Due to simplicity of the method and its low cost, it is a promising method for checking the collimation of laser beam. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier GmbH.

大型干涉仪镜子的支承设计与温度变形分析

在星间激光通信中，涉及对大口径衍射极限激光波面的检测，为保证测量精度，必须严格控制波面十涉仪镜子的自重和温度变形。采用有限元方法对大型干涉仪镜子在不同支承方式下的表面变形进行了分析，结果表明，接触角为180°的钢带支承是较好的支承方式，反射镜表面变形峰-谷(P-V)值仅为1．35nm，均方根(RMS)值为0．363nm根据这一结论，设计了一个同定支承点与浮动支承相结合的超静定钢带支承结构。在该结构下，分析了镜子轴向、径向、周向的温度梯度效应，分析数据表明，镜子的热弹性变形远大于自重变形，建议采取一定的温控

Measurement of the wavefront of a laser diode system for intersatellite communication by a Jamin double-shearing interferometer

The frame of a laser diode transmitter for intersatellite communication is concisely introduced. A simple, novel and visual method for measuring the diffraction-limited wavefront of the transmitter by a Jamin double-shearing interferometer is proposed. To verify the validity of the measurement, the far-field divergence of beam is additionally rigorously analysed in terms of the Fraunhofer diffraction. The measurement, the necessary analyses and discussion are given in detail. By directly measuring the fringe widths and quantitatively interpreting the interference fringes, the minimum detectable wavefront height (DWH) of the wavefront is only 0.2 gimel (the distance between the perfect plane wavefront and the actual wavefront at the transmitting aperture) and the corresponding divergence is only 65.84 mu rad. This indicates that the wavefront approaches the diffraction-limited condition. The results show that this interferometer is a powerful tool for testing the semiconductor laser beam's wavefront, especially the diffraction-limited wavefront.