Self-immobilized catalysts for ethylene polymerization: neutral, single-component salicylaldiminato phenyl nickel(II) complexes bearing allyl substituents

A new family of self-immobilized ethylene polymerization catalysts, derived from neutral, single-component salicylaldiminato phenyl nickel complexes, is described.

异丙基膦酸单(1-已基-4-乙基)辛酯的某些基本常数的测定

用两相滴定法测定异丙基膦酸单(1-己基-4-乙基)辛酯(PT-2,HL)在水中的溶解度S，在水中的解离常数K在水-正庚烷中的分配常数Kd及二聚常数K2，利用SOLWR计算程序，简单快速地处理两相滴定数据，得到结果为：S=3.68×10-5mol/L，pKa=5.49，logK2=4.67，logKd=2.67(25±0.5℃)

STUDY ON THE ELECTROOXIDATION OF BILIVERDIN BY IN-SITU THIN-LAYER SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY

The electrooxidation reaction of biliverdin (BY) is studied by in situ spectroelectrochemistry with rapid spectra scanning in an optically transparent thin-layer cell. The study reveals that the oxidation process of BY is very complicated and involves many stages. The average formal potential of BY is obtained for the first time as E-degrees' = 0.634 V (vs- Ag/AgCl), and the electrooxidation mechanism of BY is proposed.

激光热透镜光度法测定痕量锑

利用He-Ne激光,观测了锑-孔雀绿络合物的激光热透镜效应。其在苯中最低检测浓度为10ng/ml Sb,测定线性浓度范围为1～120ng/ml,测定的相对标准偏差为6.5％。本方法比常规光度法的测定灵敏度高12倍,相当于吸光度3.3×10~(-4)。

时间分辨激光荧光光谱分析方法研究——Ⅱ混合稀土中铽的测定

本文介绍了利用自装的时间分辨激光荧光光谱装置对混合稀土中铽的测定方法。装置采用氮分子激光器为激发光源,Boxcar积分器为信号处理系统,选择了Tb-Sal-乙醇溶液为荧光体系,用标准加入法对样品进样行了测定。并将已知样品的测定结果与其它方法测定结果进行了比较。本法测定铽的相对标准偏差为7.4％,检出限为1.3×10~(-4)μg/ml。

分析痕量元素时水样的的保存

本文评述了天然水样品中PPb级的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr~(3+)、Cr~(6+)、Ni、Co、Mn、Fe、As~(3+)、As~(5+)、Se~(4+)、Se~(6+)、Hg、F-的保存条件。如水样的pH值,金属离子的初始浓度,容器的材料,保存的时间和温度等等。建议水样经0.45微米泸膜过泸后。用硝酸酸化至pH≤1.5(As、Se用硫酸酸化),对于Hg不仅酸化,还应加入半胱氨酸、氯金酸或重铬酸钾等保护剂。水样贮存在干净的高密度聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯(特氟隆)容器中,在4℃的条件下为最佳。

A toll receptor from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to Vibrio anguillarum infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), playing a crucial role in innate immune responses. Here we present a Toll homolog from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, designated FcToll. The full-length cDNA of FcToll is 4115 bp including a poly A-tail of 16 bp, encoding a putative protein of 931 amino acids. The predicted protein consists of an extracellular domain with a potential signal peptide, 16 leucine-rich repeats (LRR), two LRR-C-terminal (LRR-CT) motifs, and two LRR-N-terminal (LRR-NT) motifs, followed by a transmembrane segment of 23 amino acids, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interteukin-IR (TIR) domain of 139 residues. Genomic structure of FcToll gene contains five exons and four introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belongs to insect-type invertebrate Toll family. Transcripts of FcToll gene were constitutively expressed in various tissues, with predominant level in lymphoid organ. Real-time PCR assays demonstrated that expression patterns of FcToll were distinctly modulated after bacterial or viral stimulation, with significant enhancement after 5 h post-Vibrio anguillorum challenge but markedly reduced levels immediately after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) exposure. These results suggest that FcToll might be involved in innate host defense, especially against the pathogen V. anguillarum. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

气升式藻类光生物反应器的特性及应用研究

对自行研制开发的气升式藻类光生物反应器的特性和应用进行了研究。反应器的主体包括主筒、导流筒和通气管，有10升和100升两种容积；二氧化碳配气装置由气体配制、配气罐和气体过滤装置三部分组成。反应器与配气装置均已申报国家专利。通过冷模实验，比较通气管和导流筒设置对气升式反应器的气含率、上升时间、下降时间、循环时间和导流筒内流体雷诺数的影响；提供提高二氧化碳传递速率和通气效率的理论论据。以小球藻和海带雌配子体无性繁殖系为研究对象，对光衰减规律进行了初步研究，建立了数学模型。用小球藻为材料，对100升反应器进行了应用研究。结果表明这台反应器可长期连续稳定运转，占地面积小，具有较高的传质、光能传输和利用效率，小球藻密度达到6.09 * 10~7cell/ml时，光照尚未成为生长的限制因子。以占地面积计，小球藻25天平均产量达到293.94g/(m~2 · d)。在小球藻密度提高时，无机碳源供应成为限制因子，补充CO_2可明显提高生长速率。利用10升反应器，分别对海带雌、雄配子体无性繁殖系进行培养，每天短时间通入二氧化碳混合气体，使海带无性繁殖系的对数生长期延长，雌配子体无性繁殖系日产量达到35.3mgDCW/(L · d)。

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (< nC(23)) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 A mu g/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.

Recovery of protein from discharged wastewater during the production of chitin

Studies were carried out to optimize the conditions for the recovery of protein. The results showed that pH of 6.00 for wastewater, the dosage of 1% chitosan solution in 1% acetic acid aqueous solution of 2.0 ml for 50 ml wastewater and 1% FeCl3 aqueous solution of 2 ml for 50 ml wastewater, the flocculation time of 4.0 h were the optimal conditions for the recovery of protein. The obtained protein sediment contained abundant amino acids, especially isoleucine, methione and lysine that are absent in other protein resource. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

黄河源头高寒草原植被退化特征分析

以紫花针茅Stipa purpurea,早熟禾Poa annua为优势植被的高寒草原是黄河源头区典型植被类型之一.由于自然环境变迁以及人为活动的影响,黄河源头以扎陵湖北岸地区为中心的紫花针茅草原和早熟禾草原植被退化十分明显,2002年通过样方调查和植被数量分析的方法,对该地区的退化草地特征进行了系统的调查和分析,结果表明:退化草地植被盖度比未退化区下降10%～55%;优势物种变化,紫花针茅、早熟禾等植物种生长势减弱,物候期推迟,群落优势植物逐步演替为以菊科、豆科等杂类草植物为优势种的群落;物种多样性指数下降55%～79%.由于高寒植被的退化,导致了植被群落整体生态功能的下降,进一步加剧了黄河源头的生态环境恶化.

Phylogenetic analyses of some genera in Oedipodidae (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) based on 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences

Based on the 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae (as outgroups), the homologus sequences were compared and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by neighbor-joining (NJ). The results of sequences compared show that: (i) in a total of 574 bp of Oedipodidae, the number of substituted nucleotides was 265 bp and the average percentages of T, C, A and G were 38.3%, 11.4%, 31.8% and 18.5%, respectively, and the content of A+T (70.1%) was distinctly richer than that of C+G (29.9%); and (ii) the average nucleotide divergence of 16S rDNA sequences among genera of Oedipodidae were 9.0%, among families of Acridoidea were 17.0%, and between superfamilies (Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea) were 23.9%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated: (i) the Oedipodidae was a monophyletic group, which suggested that the taxonomic status of this family was confirmed; (ii) the genus Heteropternis separated from the other Oedipodids first and had another unique sound-producing structure in morphology, which is the type-genus of subfamily Heteropterninae; and (iii) the relative intergeneric relationship within the same continent was closer than that of different continents, and between the Eurasian genera and the African genera, was closer than that between Eurasians and Americans.

Separation and determination of flavone and xanthone glycosides in Tibetan folk medicinal species Swertia mussotii and S-franchetiana by capillary electrophoresis

The contents of five pharmacologically active flavone and xanthone glycosides, namely, swertianolin, swertisin, isoorientin, mangiferin, and 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, extracted from Tibetan folk medicinal species Swertia mussotii and S. franchetiana were determined by capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection. The separation of five components has been optimized with a capillary column with a total length of 48.5 cm and effective length of 40 cm (50 mu m i.d). The influence of the running buffer, the sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) concentration, organic modifier, etc. on the resolution was evaluated. The background electrolyte contained 30 mM borate buffer, 28 mM SDS, 1.0% (v/v) acetonitrile, and was adjusted to pH 9.0 with 0.1 M NaOH. A good baseline resolution was obtained for the separation of five components within 5 min with the working voltage of 24 kV and a column temperature of 25 degrees C. The established method was rapid and reproducible for the separation and determination of five flavone and xanthone glycosides from the extracts of S. mussotii and franchetiana plant samples.