Formation, thermal, optical and physical properties of GeS2-Ga2S3-AgCl novel chalcohalide glasses

Novel GeS2-Ga2S3-AgCl chalcohalide glasses had been prepared by melt-quenching technique, and the glass-forming region was determined by XRD, which indicated that the maximum of dissolvable AgCl was up to 65 mol%. Thermal and optical properties of the glasses were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Visible-IR transmission, which showed that most of GeS2-Ga2S3-AgCl glasses had strong glass-forming ability and broad region of transmission (about 0.45-12.5 mu m). With the addition of AgCl, the glass transition temperature, Tg decreases distinctly, and the short-wavelength cut-off edge (lambda(vis)) of the glasses also shifts to the long wavelength gradually. However, the glass-forming ability of the glass has a complicated evolutional trend depended on the compositional change. In addition, the values of the Vickers microhardness, H (v) , which decrease with the addition of AgCl, are high enough for the practical applications. These excellent properties of GeS2-Ga2S3-AgCl glasses make them potentially applied in the optoelectronic field, such as all-optical switch, etc.

Intense infrared luminescence in transparent glass-ceramics containing beta-Ga2O3 : Ni2+ nanocrystals

Transparent glass-ceramics containing beta-Ga2O3:Ni2+ nanocrystals were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Intense broad-band luminescence centering at 1200 nm was observed when the sample was excited by a diode laser at 980 nm. The room-temperature fluorescent lifetime was 665 mu s, which is longer than the Ni2+-doped ZnAl2O4 and LiGa5O8 glass-ceramics and is also comparable to the Ni2+-doped LiGa5O8 single crystal. The intense infrared luminescence with long fluorescent lifetime may be ascribed to the high crystal field hold by Ni2+ and the moderate lattice phonon energy of beta-Ga2O3. The excellent optical properties of this novel material indicate that it might be a promising candidate for broad-band amplifiers and room-temperature tunable lasers.

Transparent Ni2+-doped lithium-alumino-silicate glass-ceramics for broadband near-infrared light source

Broadband infrared luminescence centred at around 1300 nm with full-width at half maximum of about 342 nm was observed from transparent Ni2+-doped lithium-alumino-silicate glass-ceramics embedded with beta-eucryptite crystallines. The room temperature fluorescent lifetime was 98 mu s. The transparent glass-ceramics may have potential applications in a widely tunable laser and a super-broadband optical amplifier for optical communications.

Tuning the Eu luminescence in glass materials synthesized in air by adjusting glass compositions

The doped Eu3+ ions can be partly reduced to Eu2+ in a series of MO-B2O3: Eu (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) glasses synthesized in air atmosphere, but not in the 12CaO-7Al(2)O(3): Eu glass. The different redox-behavior of Eu ions in these two glass systems is attributed to the different host optical basicity. It is found that a lower valence state of Eu2+ is more favorable in acidic glasses, which have lower optical basicities. A notion of the critical value of optical basicity is introduced empirically, which can be used as a guide for the selection of glass composition suitable to incorporate Eu2+ for luminescence. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New transparent Er3+-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass ceramic with improved near infrared and up-conversion fluorescence properties

Transparent glass ceramics have been obtained by nucleation and growth of Y2Te6O15 or Er2Te5O13 cubic phase in a new Er3+-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass. Effect of beat treatment on absorption spectra, luminescence and up-conversion properties in the oxyfluoride tellurite glass has been investigated. With heat treatment the ultraviolet absorption edge red shifted evidently for the oxyfluoride telluride glass. The near infrared emission that corresponds to Er3+:I-4(13/2)-> I-4(15/2) can be significantly enhanced after heat treatment. Under 980 nm LD pumping, red and green up-conversion intensity of Er3+ in the glass ceramic can be observed much stronger than that in the base glass. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bismuth-doped zinc aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics with ultra-broadband infrared luminescence

Broadband infrared luminescence covering the optical telecommunication wavelength region of 0, E and S bands was observed from bismuth-doped zinc aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics. The spectroscopic properties of the glasses and glass-ceramics depend on the thermal-treatment history. With the appearance of gahnite (ZnAl2O4) crystalline phase, the fluorescent peak moves to longer wavelength, but the fluorescent intensity decreases. The similar to 1300 nm fluorescence with a FWHM larger than 250 nm and a lifetime longer than 600 mu s possesses these optical materials with potential applications in laser devices and broadband amplifiers. The broad infrared luminescence from the bismuth-doped zinc aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics might be from BiO or bismuth clusters rather than from Bi5+ and Bi3+. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optical transitions and upconversion luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped halide modified tellurite glasses

Er3+-doped halide modified tellurite glasses were synthesized by conventional melting and quenching method. The Judd-Ofelt analysis was performed on the absorption spectra and the transition probabilities, excited state lifetimes, and the branching ratios were calculated and discussed. The intense infrared and visible fluorescence spectra under 980 nm excitation were obtained. Strong upconversion signal was observed at pumping power as low as 30 mW in the glasses with halide ions. The upconversion mechanisms and power dependent intensities were discussed, which showed two-photon process are involved for the green and red emissions. The decay times of the emitting states and the corresponding quantum efficiency were determined and explained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Blue upconversion Luminescence in Tm3+/Yb3+-Codoped New Oxyfluoride Tellurite Glass

The thermal stability, Raman spectrum and upconversion properties of Tm^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped new oxyfluoride tellurite glass are investigated. The results show that Tm^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass possesses good thermal stability, lower phonon energy, and intense upconversion blue luminescence. Under 980-nm laser diode (LD) excitation, the intense blue (475 nm) emission and weak red (649 nm) emission corresponding to the 1G4 -> 3H6 and 1G4 -> 3F4 transitions of Tm^(3+) ions respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The possible upconversion mechanisms are evaluated. The intense blue upconversion luminescence of Tm^(3+)/Yb^(3+) co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass can be used as potential host material for the development of blue upconversion optical devices.

Gain characteristics of Er3+-doped phosphate glass fibres

An erbium-doped phosphate glass fibre has been drawn by the rod-in-tube technique in our laboratory. The gain for the Er3+-doped phosphate glass fibre with different pump powers and with different input signal wavelengths is investigated. The 2.2-cm-long fibre, pumped by a single-mode 980-nm fibre-pigtailed laser diode, can provide a net gain per unit length greater than 1.8dB/cm. The pump threshold is about 50 mW at the wavelength of 1534 nm, and below 70 mW at 1550 nm. The gain linewidth of the Er3+-doped phosphate glass fibre is greater than 34 nm and can cover the C band in optical communication networks.

Efficient frequency upconversion emission in Er3+-doped novel strontium lead bismuth glass

Er3+ -doped strontium lead bismuth glass for developing upconversion lasers has been fabricated and characterized. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(1) (t = 2,4,6), calculated based on the experimental absorption spectrum and Judd-Ofelt theory, were found to be Omega(2) = 2.95 x 10(-20), Omega(4) = 0-91 X 10(-20), and Omega(6) = 0.36 x 10(-20) cm(2). Under 975 nm excitation, intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546, and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) --> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) I-4(15/2), and F-4(9/2) --> I-4(15/2) respectively were observed. The upconversion mechanisms are discussed based oil the energy matching and quadratic dependence on excitation power, and the dominant mechanisms are excited state absorption and energy transfer upconversion for the green and red emissions. The long-lived I-4(11/2) level is supposed to serve as the intermediate state responsible for the upconversion processes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Host dependent frequency upconversion of Er3+-doped oxyfluoride germanate glass

Er3+-doped oxyfluoride germanate glasses have been synthesized by the conventional melting and quenching method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were calculated based on the Judd-Ofelt theory and absorption spectra measurements. With the substitution of PbF2 for PbO, the Omega(2) parameter decreases, while the Omega(6) parameter increases. These change trends indicate that fluoride anions come to coordinate erbium cations and the covalency of the Er-O bond decreases. Structural and thermal stability properties were obtained by Raman spectra and differential thermal analysis, indicating that PbF2 plays an important role in the formation of glass network and has an important influence on the maximum phonon energy and thermal stability of host glasses. Intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546, and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2), and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. With increasing PbF2 content, the intensity of red (657nm) emissions increases significantly, while that of the green (525 and 546nm) emission increases slightly. The results indicate that PbF, has more influence on the red (657nm) emission than the green (525 and 546nm) emissions in oxyfluoride germanate glasses. The possible upconversion luminescence mechanisms have also been estimated and discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Intense frequency upconversion fluorescence emission of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped oxychloride germanate glass

Structural and frequency upconversion fluorescence properties of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped oxychloride germanate glasses have been investigated. The Raman spectrum investigation indicates that PbCl2 plays an important role in the formation of glass network and has an important influence on the upconversion luminescence. Intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546 and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were observed at room temperature. The possible upconversion mechanism was also estimated and evaluated. Intense upconversion luminescence indicates that Er3+/Yb3+-codoped oxychloride germanate glass is a promising laser material. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Infrared-to-visible upconversion fluorescence of Er3+-doped novel lithium-barium-lead-bismuth glass

Er3+-doped lithium-barium-lead-bismuth glass for developing upconversion lasers has been fabricated and characterized. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Omega(t) (t = 2, 4, 6), calculated based on the experimental absorption spectrum and Judd-Ofelt theory, were found to be Omega(2) = 3.05 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4) = 0.95 x 10(-20) cm(2), and Omega(6) = 0.39 x 10(-20) cm(2). Under 975 nm excitation, intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546, and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2), and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were observed at room temperature. The upconversion mechanisms are discussed based on the energy matching and quadratic dependence on excitation power, and the dominant mechanisms are excited state absorption and energy transfer upconversion for the green and red emissions. The long-lived I-4(11/2) level is supposed to serve as the intermediate state responsible for the intense upconversion processes. The intense upconversion luminescence of Er3+-doped lithium-barium-lead-bismuth glass may be a potentially useful material for developing upconversion optical devices. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Upconversion fluorescence property of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped novel bismuth-germanium glass

Infrared-to-visible upconversion fluorescence property of Er3+/Yb3+ codoped novel bismuth-germanium glass under 975 nm LD excitation has been studied. Intense green and red emissions centered at 525, 546 and 657 nm, corresponding to the transitions H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2), and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2), respectively, were observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546 and 657 nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs. The structure of the bismuth-germanium glass has been investigated by peak-deconvolution of FT-Raman spectrum, and the structural information was obtained from the peak wavenumbers. This novel bismuth-germanium glass with low maximum phonon energy (similar to 750 cm(-1)) can be used as potential host material for upconversion lasers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of water content in sol on optical properties of hybrid sol-gel derived TiO2/SiO2/ormosil film

Sol-gel derived TiO2/SiO2/ormosil hybrid planar waveguides have been deposited on soda-lime glass slides and silicon substrates, films were heat treated at 150 degreesC for 2 h or dried at room temperature. Different amounts of water were added to sols to study their impacts on microstructures and optical properties of films. The samples were characterized by m-line spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer (UV-vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal analysis instrument and scattering-detection method. The refractive index was found to have the largest value at the molar ratio H2O/OR = 1 in sol (OR means -OCH3, -OC2H5 and -OC4H9 in the sol), whereas the thickest film appears at H2O/OR = 1/2. The rms surface roughness of all the films is lower than 1.1 nm, and increases with the increase of water content in sol. Higher water content leads to higher attenuation of film. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.