Analysis of mode characteristics for equilateral triangle semiconductor microlasers with imperfect boundaries

The influence of imperfect boundaries on the mode quality factor is investigated for equilateral-triangle-resonator (ETR) semiconductor microlasers by the finite difference time domain technique and the Pade approximation with Baker's algorithm. For 2-D ETR with a refractive index of 3.2 and side length of 5 mum, the confined modes can still have a quality factor of about 1000 as small triangles with side length of 1 mum are cut from the vertices of the ETR. For a deformed 5 mum ETR with round vertices and curve sides, the simulated mode quality factors are comparable to the measured results.

Anisotropic radiation pattern from InGaAlP quantum well mesa-like microdisks

To overcome the isotropic directional emission of an ideal circular microdisk, two kinds of cylindrical mesa-like InGaAlP single quantum well (SQW) microdisks emitting at a visible red wavelength of 0.66 mu m have been fabricated. An anisotropic luminescence pattern was revealed by the microscopic fluorescence (FL) image. FL intensity, preferentially enhanced with twofold symmetry, appeared at the circumference of the InGaAlP SQW microdisks. Our results demonstrated that anisotropic radiation can be achieved by geometry shaping of the disks on the top view two-dimensional boundary slightly deformed from circular shape and/or on the side-view cross-section of the circular mesa by wet etching anisotropic undercut. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Single dipole mode photonic crystal laser on InGaAsP/InP QW waveguide slab - art. no. 698436

Single point defect microcavity possesses only the degenerate dipole modes under certain photonic crystal structure parameters. By deforming lattice structure, the degeneracy of the dipole modes has been broken. Theoretical simulation shows the large splitting of 65nm between the splitted x-mode and y-mode, approximate to the luminescent gain spectrum, which benefits for the single mode lasing. Experimentally the single dipole mode lasing, y-mode, is achieved in the deformed microcavity.

Mode analysis of photonic crystal polarization beam splitter and its application in integrated circuits design - art. no. 698437

In this work, the guided modes of a photonic crystal polarization beam splitter (PC-PBS) are studied. We demonstrate that the transmission of a low-loss photonic crystal 120 degrees waveguide bend integrated with the PBS will be influenced if the PBS is multi-moded. We propose a single-moded PC-PBS structure by introducing deformed structures, and it shows twice the enhancement of the transmission. This device with remarkable improvement of performance is promising in the use of photonic crystal integrated circuits design.

取向聚烯烃在单轴拉伸下的结构演变 -同步辐射小角X射线散射研究

典型的结晶聚合物在受到单轴拉伸时，其应力-应变曲线都会经历弹性变形、应变软化、应变硬化以及断裂的四个阶段，在这些过程中，聚合物内部经历了非常复杂的变化：从球晶结构转变成纤维结构最后至分子链解取向和断裂。尽管已经有很多的实验研究结晶聚合物的形变过程，但是对其中的形变机理仍然存在很多争论。本论文的主要思路就是采用取向态的聚合物这一简单的结构来模拟聚合物微观结构在受到外力作用时，在各个阶段的所经历的形貌演变，并基于这些实验数据提出结晶聚合物的形变机理。本文的主要内容包括： 1、选取了预取向的聚丙烯将其在三个不同的方向下拉伸，分别是拉伸方向平行于、垂直于片晶组的法线方向以及与片晶组的法线方向成45角，以模拟处于外力场中球晶内具有代表性的三组片晶的形变情况，希望对球晶结构转变成纤维结构这一塑性形变机理提供进一步的理解。三个实验分别表现出了三种不同的样品内部结构演变过程，综合所有的结果我们可以得出结晶聚合物发生屈服是片晶的塑性形变能力与非晶区弹性形变能力相互作用的结果。 2、 观察冷拉取向的聚乙烯样品在单轴拉伸下的形貌演变。这个过程相当于结晶聚合物成纤后的继续拉伸至断裂的过程。这一实验同时用于模拟研究聚乙烯塑料管材中的慢速裂纹扩展问题。因为聚乙烯裂纹前端是银纹结构即由高度取向的纤维连接裂纹的表面。裂纹的扩展是伴随着银纹中的纤维断裂的过程。实验数据表明了取向聚乙烯内部是由纤维组成的，纤维内部包含着几束由取向的片晶组构成的微纤。在拉伸的过程中由片晶组长周期的增加，微纤的滑移，纤维的滑移协同运动完成了外部的宏观形变。 3、 聚合物在生产加工过程中，样品会不可避免地受到剪切流动的作用。而受到剪切作用后的，聚合物分子大分子链或链段、微晶必然要表现出不同程度的取向，最终对聚合物材料力学性能会产生很重要的影响。因此研究剪切场下聚合物晶体结构的演化对于了解聚合物材料的加工和使用性能是非常重要的。等规聚丙烯在剪切过程中会出现新的晶型晶，我们发现虽然在剪切条件下生成的晶的片晶比聚丙烯中正常的晶要厚，但是实际上却表现出了比晶更好的流动行为。晶的稳定性要比晶的差，具有较低的熔点。因此我们认为片晶的塑性形变的能力除了与片晶厚度相关也与晶体的平衡熔点有关。 综上所述，我们利用同步辐射小角X射线散射手段对取向聚烯烃在单轴拉伸下的行为进行了广泛和深入的研究，发现了一些新现象，发展了文献中原有的理论，得到了单轴拉伸下取向聚乙烯和聚丙烯的形变机理。

Influence of processing temperature on microstructure and microhardness of copper subjected to high-pressure torsion

Cu samples were subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) with up to 6 turns at room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), respectively. The effects of temperature on grain refinement and microhardness variation were investigated. For the samples after HPT processing at RT, the grain size reduced from 43 mu m to 265 nm, and the Vickers microhardness increased from HV52 to HV140. However, for the samples after HPT processing at LNT, the value of microhardness reached its maximum of HV150 near the center of the sample and it decreased to HV80 at the periphery region. Microstructure observations revealed that HPT straining at LNT induced lamellar structures with thickness less than 100 nm appearing near the central region of the sample, but further deformation induced an inhomogeneous distribution of grain sizes, with submicrometer-sized grains embedded inside micrometer-sized grains. The submicrometer-sized grains with high dislocation density indicated their nonequilibrium nature. On the contrary, the micrometer-sized grains were nearly free of dislocation, without obvious deformation trace remaining in them. These images demonstrated that the appearance of micrometer-sized grains is the result of abnormal grain growth of the deformed fine grains.

Deformation behaviour of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni with broad grain size distribution

In the present work, nanocrystalline Ni (nc-Ni) with a broad grain size distribution (BGSD) of 5-120 nm and an average grain size of 27.2 nm was prepared. The BGSD nc-Ni sample shows a similar strength and good ductility in comparison with electrodeposited nc-Ni with a narrow grain size distribution. The intracrystalline dislocation network was observed in the post-deformed microstructure confirming the conventional intracrystalline dislocation sliding mechanism in BGSD nc-Ni. The uniaxial tensile loading-unloading-loading deformation shows BGSD nc-Ni has the capability to store dislocations in the grain interior, which is very limited compared with that of coarse grained metals. For BGSD nc-Ni, the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress m enhances with decreasing strain rate. At the strain rate of 5 x 10(-6) s(-1), m was estimated to be 0.055. At the corresponding strain rate, the enhanced ductility along with the decreased strength was achievable, indicating activation of other deformation mechanisms, e. g. grain boundary sliding or diffusion.

Fabrication of nano-sized grains by pulsed laser surface melting

In this work, the formation and characterization of nano-sized grains on the modified surfaces of GCr15 and H13 steels have been investigated. The material was processed by pulsed laser surface melting (LSM) under different depths of de-ionized water. The microstructures and phases of the melted zones were examined by x-ray diffraction, environmental field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that LSM under water can successfully fabricate nano-scaled grains on the surfaces of steel, due to the rapid solidification and crystallization by heterogeneous nucleation. The elemental segregation of chromium and activated heterogeneous nucleation mechanism of austenite in liquid metal play a key role in the formation of nano-sized grains at high cooling rates. This one-step technique provides us a new way to prepare uniform nano-scaled grains, and is of great importance for further understanding the growth of nano-materials under extreme conditions.

高压扭转Cu试样微观组织的热稳定性分析

通过高压扭转对Cu试样施加不同程度的变形,利用OM,TEM及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对变形组织微观结构及其热稳定性进行了分析.在较小的变形程度下,变形组织为高位错密度的位错胞、亚晶组织,试样的变形储能随变形量的增大而增大,在切应变等于13时达到最大,为0.91 J/mol,DSC曲线显示的放热峰随变形量的增大向低温方向偏移;进一步变形,动态回复加剧,高位错密度的亚晶组织逐渐演化成无位错的等轴状晶粒组织,试样的变形储能减小,组织的稳定性提高.显微硬度随退火温度的提高而减小,晶粒的明显长大导致显微硬度急剧减小.出现明显晶粒长大的温度较DSC曲线显示的放热峰起始温度低45℃左右,这主要是由于变形组织的回复再结晶过程是退火温度与时间的函数,降低处理温度并延长处理时间能达到与高温短时处理相同的效果.