同位网格摄动有限体积格式求解浮力驱动方腔流

利用对流扩散方程的摄动有限体积格式,在Rayleigh数从10~3到10~8的范围内对浮力驱动方腔流动问题作了数值模拟.对流扩散方程的摄动有限体积格式具有一阶迎风格式的简洁形式,使用相同的基点,重构近似精度高,特别是两相邻控制体中心到公共界面的距离相等或不相等,PFV格式公式相同等优点.在数值模拟中,无论均匀网格还是非均匀网格均获得与DSC方法、自适应有限元法、多重网格法等Benchmark解相符较好的数值结果,证明UPFV格式对高Rayleigh数对流传热问题的适用性和有效性.

Effects of the orientation of microgravity on the concentration distribution in crystallization from solution

A quasi-steady state growth and dissolution in a 2-D rectangular enclosure is numerically investigated. This paper is an extension to indicate the effects of the orientation of gravity on the concentration field in crystallization from solution under microgravity, especially on the lateral non-uniformity of concentration distribution at the growth surface. The thermal and solute convection are included in this model.

Real-Time Measurement on Deformation Fields of Hole-Excavated Samples under Impact Tension

In this paper, the real-time deformation fields are observed in two different kinds of hole-excavated dog-bone samples loaded by an SHTB, including single hole sample and dual holes sample with the aperture size of 0.8mm. The testing system consists of a high-speed camera, a He-Ne laser, a frame grabber and a synchronization device with the controlling accuracy of I microsecond. Both the single hole expanding process and the interaction of the two holes are recorded with the time interval of 10 mu s. The observed images on the sample surface are analyzed by newly developed software based on digital correlation theory and a modified image processing method. The 2-D displacement fields in plane are obtained with a resolution of 50 mu m and an accuracy of 0.5 mu m. Experimental results obtained in this paper are proofed, by compared with FEM numerical simulations.

二维高超声速钝体激波层紫外辐射的实验观察

利用光学多道分析仪，在JF-10氢氧爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞上测量了二维钝体驻点的发射光谱．实验结果表明，在200~280nm的波长范围内，辐射主要来自NO的γ系，同时还分辨出了OH的A-X跃迁、N_2~+的B-X跃迁和烧蚀金属的原子线辐射．

Simulation of the Load-Unload Response Ratio and Critical Sensitivity in the Lattice Solid Model

The Load-Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method is an intermediate-term earthquake prediction approach that has shown considerable promise. It involves calculating the ratio of a specified energy release measure during loading and unloading where loading and unloading periods are determined from the earth tide induced perturbations in the Coulomb Failure Stress on optimally oriented faults. In the lead-up to large earthquakes, high LURR values are frequently observed a few months or years prior to the event. These signals may have a similar origin to the observed accelerating seismic moment release (AMR) prior to many large earthquakes or may be due to critical sensitivity of the crust when a large earthquake is imminent. As a first step towards studying the underlying physical mechanism for the LURR observations, numerical studies are conducted using the particle based lattice solid model (LSM) to determine whether LURR observations can be reproduced. The model is initialized as a heterogeneous 2-D block made up of random-sized particles bonded by elastic-brittle links. The system is subjected to uniaxial compression from rigid driving plates on the upper and lower edges of the model. Experiments are conducted using both strain and stress control to load the plates. A sinusoidal stress perturbation is added to the gradual compressional loading to simulate loading and unloading cycles and LURR is calculated. The results reproduce signals similar to those observed in earthquake prediction practice with a high LURR value followed by a sudden drop prior to macroscopic failure of the sample. The results suggest that LURR provides a good predictor for catastrophic failure in elastic-brittle systems and motivate further research to study the underlying physical mechanisms and statistical properties of high LURR values. The results provide encouragement for earthquake prediction research and the use of advanced simulation models to probe the physics of earthquakes.

Numerical simulation of rock failure and earthquake process on mesoscopic scale

On the basis of the lattice model of MORA and PLACE, Discrete Element Method, and Molecular Dynamics approach, another kind of numerical model is developed. The model consists of a 2-D set of particles linked by three kinds of interactions and arranged into triangular lattice. After the fracture criterion and rules of changes between linking states are given, the particle positions, velocities and accelerations at every time step are calculated using a finite-difference scheme, and the configuration of particles can be gained step by step. Using this model, realistic fracture simulations of brittle solid (especially under pressure) and simulation of earthquake dynamics are made.

Investigation of High-Speed Combustible Gas Ignited by a Hot Gas Jet Produced in the Shock Tube

The high-speed combustible gas ignited by a hot gas jet, which is induced by shock focusing, was experimentally investigated. By use of the separation mode of shock tube, the test section of a single shock tube is split into two parts, which provide the high-speed flow of combustible gas and pilot flame of hot gas jet, respectively. In the interface of two parts of test sections the flame of jet was formed and spread to the high-speed combustible gas. Two kinds of the ignitions, 3-D “line-flame ignition” and 2-D “plane-flame ignition”, were investigated. In the condition of 3-D “lineflame ignition” of combustion, thicker hot gas jet than pure air jet, was observed in schlieren photos. In the condition of 2-D “plane-flame ignition” of combustion, the delay time of ignition and the angle of flame front in schlieren photos were measured, from which the velocity of flame propagation in the high-speed combustible gas is estimated in the range of 30–90 m/s and the delay time of ignition is estimated in the range of 0.12–0.29 ms.

Hill Instability Analysis Of Tlp Tether Subjected To Combined Platform Surge And Heave Motions

This paper presents the Hill instability analysis of Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tether it, deep sea. The 2-D nonlinear beam model which is Undergoing Coupled axial and transverse vibrations, is applied. The governing equations are reduced to nonlinear Hill equation by use of the Galerkin's method and the modes superposition principle. The Hill instability charted Lip to large parameters is obtained. An important parameter M is defined and can he expressed as the functions of tether length, the platform surge and heave motion amplitudes. Some example studies are performed for various environmental conditions. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling between the axial and transverse vibrations has a significant effect on the response of structure.. It needs to be considered for the accurate dynamic analysis of long TLP tether subjected to the combined platform surge and heave motions.

Hydrothermal Instability Of Thermocapillary Convection In Large-Prandtl-Number Liquid Bridges Under Microgravity

Linear stability analysis was performed to study the mechanism of transition of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with liquid volume ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.2, aspect ratio of 0.75 and Prandtl number of 100. 2-D governing equations were solved to obtain the steady axi-symmetric basic flow and temperature distributions. 3-D perturbation equations were discretized at the collocation grid points using the Chebyshev-collocation method. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were obtained by using the Q-R. method. The predicted critical Marangoni numbers and critical frequencies were compared with data from space experiments. The disturbance of the temperature distribution on the free surface causes the onset of oscillatory convection. It is shown that the origin of instability is related to the hydrothermal origin for convections in large-Prandtl-number liquid bridges. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

用断裂力学和声发射法预计疲劳寿命

<正> 符 号a——穿透裂纹的裂纹长度,硬币形裂纹 的裂纹半径;a_0——初始裂纹长度;A——在N-K关系(方程1)中的比例 常数;B——试件厚度;C——在裂纹扩展关系(方程2)中的比 例常数;D——塑性体积和声发射计数中的比例常 数(方程14);F——在楔形张开加载(WOL)断裂韧 性试件上的拉伸载荷;

Theoretical and experimental studies of the bell-jar-top inductively coupled plasma

The present paper describes a systematic study of argon plasmas in a bell-jar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source over the range of pressure 5-20 mtorr and power input 0.2-0.5 kW, Experimental measurements as well as results of numerical simulations are presented. The models used in the study include the well-known global balance model (or the global model) as well as a detailed two-dimensional (2-D) fluid model of the system, The global model is able to provide reasonably accurate values for the global electron temperature and plasma density, The 2-D model provides spatial distributions of various plasma parameters that make it possible to compare with data measured in the experiments, The experimental measurements were obtained using a tuned Langmuir double-probe technique to reduce the RF interference and obtain the light versus current (I-V) characteristics of the probe. Time-averaged electron temperature and plasma density were measured for various combinations of pressure and applied RF power, The predictions of the 2-D model were found to be in good qualitative agreement with measured data, It was found that the electron temperature distribution T-e was more or less uniform in the chamber, It was also seen that the electron temperature depends primarily on pressure, but is almost independent of the power input, except in the very low-pressure regime. The plasma density goes up almost linearly with the power input.

An improvement on the theoretical model for the large-scale coherent structures in the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer

According to the experimental results, there exist large-scale coherent structures in the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer, which have been studied by many authors.As experimental results, Antonia (1990) showed the phase- aver aged streamlines and isovorticity lines of the large-scale coherent structures in a turbulent boundary layer for different Reynolds numbers. Based on the hydrodynamic stability theory, the 2-D theoretical model for the large-scale structures was proposed by Luo and Zhou, in which the eddy viscosity was defined as a complex function of the position in the normal direction. The theoretical results showed in ref. were in agreement with those in ref. However, there were two problems in the results. One is that in the experimental results, there were divergent focuses between two saddle points in the streamlines, but in the theoretical results, there were centers. The other is that the stretched parts of the isovorticity lines appear at the location of centers in the theoretical results, while in the experimental results they located somewhere between the focuses and saddle points. The reason is that the computations were based on a 2-D model.

Two-dimensional fluid model simulation of bell jar top inductively coupled plasma

In the present paper, argon (Ar) plasmas in a bell jar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source are systematically studied over pressures from 5 to 20 mtorr and power inputs from 0.2 to 0.5 kW. In this study, both a two-dimensional (2-D) fluid model simulation and global model calculation are compared, The 2-D fluid model simulation with a self-consistent power deposition is developed to describe the Ar plasma behavior as well as predict the plasma parameter distributions, Finally, a quantitative comparison between the global model and the fluid model is made to test their validity.

The effects of coil current distribution in a cylindrical electron-cyclotron-resonance reactor

Using a 2-D hybrid model, the authors have found that external currents play an important role in the plasma parameters in the reactor. The plasma density, temperature and electrostatic potential would be significantly influenced by the applied external currents.

Behavior of ar plasma formed in a high-density plasma source - an ecr reactor

In order to develop the ultra-large scale integration(ULSI), low pressure and high density plasma apparatus are required for etching and deposit of thin films. To understand critical parameters such as the pressure, temperature, electrostatic potential and energy distribution of ions impacting on the wafer, it is necessary to understand how these parameters are influenced by the power input and neutral gas pressure. In the present work, a 2-D hybrid electron fluid-particle ion model has been developed to simulate one of the high density plasma sources-an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma system with various pressures and power inputs in a non-uniform magnetic field. By means of numerical simulation, the energy distributions of argon ion impacting on the wafer are obtained and the plasma density, electron temperature and plasma electrostatic potential are plotted in 3-D. It is concluded that the plasma density depends mainly on both the power input and neutral gas pressure. However, the plasma potential and electron temperature can hardly be affected by the power input, they seem to be primarily dependent on the neutral gas pressure. The comparison shows that the simulation results are qualitatively in good agreement with the experiment measurements.