Color center formation in alpha-Al2O3 induced by high energy heavy ions

Single crystals of alpha-alumina were irradiated at room temperature with 1.157 (GeVFe)-Fe-56, 1.755 (GeVXe)-Xe-136 and 2.636 (GeVU)-U-238 ions to fluences range from 8.7 x 10(9) to 6 x 10(12) ions/cm(2). Virgin and irradiated samples were investigated by ultraviolet visible absorption measurements. The investigation reveals the presence of various color centers (F, F+, F-2(2+), F-2(+) and F-2 centers) appearing in the irradiated samples. It is found that the ratio of peak absorbance of F-2 to F centers increases with the increase of the atomic numbers of the incident ions from Fe, Xe to U ions, so do the absorbance ratio of F-2(2+) to F+ centers and of large defect cluster to F centers, indicating that larger defect clusters are preferred to be produced under heavier ion irradiation. Largest color center production cross-section was found for the U ion irradiation. The number density of single anion vacancy scales better with the energy deposition through processes of nuclear stopping, indicating that the nuclear energy loss processes determines the production of F-type defects in heavy ion irradiated alpha-alumina.

alpha decay half-lives of new superheavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model

The alpha decay half-lives of the recently produced isotopes of the 112, 114, 116 and 118 nuclei and decay products have been calculated in the quasi-molecular shape path using the experimental Q(alpha) value and a Generalized Liquid Drop Model including the proximity effects between nucleons in the neck or the gap between the nascent fragments. Reasonable estimates are obtained for the observed alpha decay half-lives. The results are compared with calculations using the Density-Dependent M3Y effective interaction and the Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski formulae. Generalized Liquid Drop Model predictions are provided for the alpha decay half-lives of other superheavy nuclei using the Finite Range Droplet Model Q(alpha) and compared with the values derived from the VSS formulae.

Alpha decay half-lives of new superheavy elements through quasimolecular shapes

The lifetimes of alpha decays of the recently produced isotopes of the elements 112, 114, 116 and the element (294)118 and of some decay products have been calculated theoretically within the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. The alpha decay barriers have been determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck, the mass and charge asymmetry and the precise nuclear radius. These calculations provide reasonable estimated for the observed alpha decay lifetimes. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the density-dependent M3Y effective interaction and the experimental data. It is indicated that the theoretical foundation of the generalized liquid drop model is as good as that of the microscopic DDM3Y model, at least in the sense of predicting the T-1/2 values as long as one uses a correct alpha decay energy. The half lives of these new nuclei are well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, the microscopic and the experimental data.

Properties of the superheavy nuclei (288)115 and its alpha-decay chain in a generalized liquid-drop model

The properties of the nuclei belonging to the newly observed nuclei starting from (288)115 have been studied with the generalized liquid drop model connected with WKB approximation. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the DDM3Y theory and the experimental data. The half lives of this new alpha decay chain have been well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, microscopic and the experimental data.

Medium effect of nucleon-nucleon cross section on the isoscaling parameter alpha

The medium effect of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section sigma(med)(NN) (alpha(m)) on the isoscaling parameter a is investigated for two couples of central nuclear reactions Ca-40 + Ca-48 and Ca-60 + Ca-48; Sn-112 + Sn-112 and Sn-124 + Sn-124 at beam energy region from 40 to 60 MeV/nucleon with isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics. It is found that there is the obvious medium effect of sigma(med)(NN) (alpha(m)) on the isoscaling parameters alpha. The mechanism for the medium effect of sigma(med)(NN) (alpha(m)) on a is investigated.

Properties of alpha-decay to ground and excited states of heavy nuclei

Branching ratios and half-lives of alpha-decay to the ground-state rotational bands as well as the high-lying excited states of even-even nuclei have been calculated in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and Royer's formula that we improved very recently. The calculation covers the isotopic chains from Ra to No in the mass regions 222 <= A <= 252 and 88 <= Z <= 102. The agreement between the calculated results and the experimental data indicates the reliability of investigating the properties of the unfavored alpha-decay with our method, especially the improved Royer's formula, which is very valuable for the analysis of experimental data. In addition, the dependence of half-lives on excitation energies of daughter nuclei has been investigated. It is shown that the influence on half-lives becomes stronger and stronger with the increase of the excitation energies.

Fine structure of alpha decay to rotational states of heavy nuclei

To gain a better insight into alpha-decay fine structure, we calculate the relative intensities of alpha decay to 2(+) and 4(+) rotational states in the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula. The calculated relative intensities of a decay to 2(+) states are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the relative intensities of alpha decay to 4(+) states, a good agreement with experimental data is achieved for Th and U isotopes. The formula we obtain is useful for the analysis of experimental data of alpha-decay fine structure. In addition, some predicted relative intensities which are still not measured are provided for future experiments.

alpha-decay half-lives and Q(alpha) values of superheavy nuclei

The alpha-decay half-lives of recently synthesized superheavy nuclei (SHN) are investigated by employing a unified fission model (UFM) where a new method to calculate the assault frequency of alpha emission is used. The excellent agreement with the experimental data indicates the UFM is a useful tool to investigate these alpha decays. It is found that the alpha-decay half-lives become more and more insensitive to the Q(alpha) values as the atomic number increases on the whole, which is favorable for us to predict the half-lives of SHN. In addition, a formula is proposed to compute the Q(alpha) values for the nuclei with Z >= 92 and N >= 140 with a good accuracy, according to which the long-lived SHN should be neutron rich. Several weeks ago, two isotopes of a new element with atomic number Z = 117 were synthesized and their alpha-decay chains have been observed. The Q(alpha) formula is found to work well for these nuclei, confirming its predictive power. The experimental half-lives are well reproduced by employing the UFM with the experimental Q(alpha) values. This fact that the experimental half-lives are compatible with experimental Q(alpha) values supports the synthesis of a new element 117 and the experimental measurements to a certain extent.

Measurement of the inelastic branch of the stellar O-14(alpha,p)F-17 reaction occurring in the explosive burning in Novae and X-ray busters

The inelastic component of the key astrophysical resonance (1(-), E-x=6.15 MeV) in the O-14(alpha,p)F-17 reaction has been studied by using the resonant scattering of F-17+p. The experiment was done at REX-ISOLDE CERN with the Miniball setup. The thick target method in inverse kinematics was utilized in the present experiment where a 44.2 MeV F-17 beam bombarded a similar to 40 mu m thick (CH2)(n) target. The inelastic scattering protons in coincidence with the de-excited 495 keV gamma rays have been clearly seen and they are from the inelastic branch to the first excited state in F-17 following decay of the 1(-) resonance in Ne-18. Some preliminary results are reported.

Alpha-decay for heavy nuclei in the ground and isomeric states

The alpha-decay half-lives of nuclei in the ground states and Isomeric states have been calculated within the WKB approximation and Royer's formulas. The barrier in the quasimolecular shape path is determined within a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM). in which the centrifugal potential energy has been introduced to study the unfavored a-decay The agreement between the calculated results and experimental data indicates the reliability of studying alpha-decay of isomeric states with the generalized liquid drop model We find that their is no significant difference of preformation probability between Isomeric states and the corresponding ground states generally in favored alpha-decay Additionally. we extended Royer's formulas by taking account of the role of centrifugal harrier to study the unfavored alpha-decay, and some predicts oil the a decay half-lives of Isomers are made Finally. the effects of angular momontum transfer and Q(alpha) on alpha-decay half-life have been discussed Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Improvement of a Fission-Like Model for Nuclear alpha Decay

The alpha decay constant is the product of the penetrability P and assault frequency nu(0) in the fission-like model. An effective assault frequency P-nu replacing the previous assault frequency nu(0) is introduced for improvement of a fission-like model named the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) to describe the nuclear alpha decay process more accurately. Two analytical formulae are proposed for the effective assault frequency due to experimental data within the GLDM. The improved model can be used to give accurate calculations for alpha decay half-lives.

PROPERTIES OF ALPHA DECAY TO ROTATIONAL BANDS OF HEAVY NUCLEI

In the framework of the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and improved Royer's formula, we investigate the branching ratios and half-lives of alpha-decay to the members of the ground-state rotational bands of heavy even-even Fm and No isotopes. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data and some useful predictions are provided for future experiments.

树（左鼠右句）前额叶皮层神经元信息处理功能的alpha-2去甲肾上腺素能受体机制研究

本研究采用微电极胞外记录技术和微电泳技术探讨了树（左鼠右句）前额叶神经元的电生理及其alpha-2去甲肾上腺素能受体的性质发现：1.树（左鼠右句）前额叶神经元的自发放电以中频(1-10次/秒)为主。2.树（左鼠右句）前额叶存在多模和单模感觉相关神经元。3.树（左鼠右向）前额叶存在clonidine敏感神经元。4.在树（左鼠右向）前额叶多模神经元中，有较高比例的clonidine敏感神经元。本研究提示：树（左鼠右句）前额叶的clonidine敏感神经元大多为单模和多模神经元。推测这些感觉相关神经元的信息处理功能可能与alpha-2受体有关。此外，本研究表明树（左鼠右句）前额叶神经元电活动具有前额叶的特征。

Biodegradable Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(alpha,L-glutamic acid) and Chitosan

We synthesized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(alpha,L-glutamic acid) (mPEGGA) diblock copolymer by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxy anhydride of gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate (NCA) using amino-terminated methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) as macroinitiator. Polyelectrolyte complexation between mPEGGA as neutral-block-polyanion and chitosan (CS) as polycation has been scrutinized in aqueous solution as well as in the solid state.