土壤和沉积物中重金属积累及其Pb、S同位素示踪

对榨子厂附近一个废弃多年的古老土法炼锌点土壤和沉积物中重金属的积累及污染程度进行了研究。研究区土壤、沉积物样品中Pb、Zn、Cd 含量已大大高于该地区的背景值,zn 的积累明显大于Pb 的积累程度。相关分析表明,土壤和沉积物中Fe2O3对重金属有强烈的固定作用。沉积物和土壤中有很高的综合污染指数,显示出重金属的污染程度很高。化学形态分析表明重金属以碳酸盐结合态、残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,有效态所占的比例很低,但其含量并不很低,在酸性条件下,有释放导致污染的可能性。同位素示踪结果显示,研究区土壤和沉积物中积累的Pb、S 为矿山物质来源。

云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源：Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约

云南会泽铅锌矿田是我国著名的超大型特富铅锌矿田之一，由相距3公里的矿山厂和麒麟厂两个独立的矿床组成，Zn＋Pb金属量超过五百万吨，矿石品位在25%至35%之间。为确定矿床成矿流体和成矿金属来源，本文系统研究了矿床的Ph、S、C、O、H和Sr同位素组成特征。矿石硫化物的铅N位素组成均一，^206Pb／^204Pb，^207Pb／^204Pb和。^206Pb／^204Pb的变化范围分别为18．251～18．530，15．663～15．855和38.487～39．433，与围岩碳酸盐岩中浸染状黄铁矿一致，与碳酸盐地层相近，在^208Pb／^204Pb-^206Pb／^204Pb图上显示明显的线性关系，表明铅N位素组成相近的碳酸盐围岩地层提供了成矿物质。矿石硫化物的δ^14S变化范围为10．9‰～17．4‰，多数集中于13‰～17‰，表明还原硫主要来自地层中海相硫酸盐的还原，还原方式为热化学还原，下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中的有机质在硫酸盐还原过程中发挥了重要作用。三种不同产状的脉石矿物方解石的碳氧同位素组成均一且没有明显差别，δ^13C变化范围为-2．1‰～-3．5‰, δ^18O为16.8‰～18．6‰。脉石矿物方解石中流体包裹体水的δDFI为-50‰～-60‰，取温度为200℃计算包裹体水的δ^18OH2O值为7．0‰～8.8‰。碳、氧和氢、氧同位素研究结果表明，成矿流体为来自下部上升的变质流体，由于下伏页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩中有机质的参与，成矿流体具有低的δ^13C和δ^13DFI值，在上升过程中与围岩发生了同位素交换。矿石中黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方解石的初始锶同位素组成（^87Sr／^86Sr）．值的变化范围为0．714～0．717，赋矿围岩中未蚀变白云岩的初始锶同位素组成（^87Sr／^86Sr）．值为0.7083～0．7093，明显低于蚀变白云岩（0．7106），表明成矿流体具有高的（^87Sr／^86Sr），比值。相对围岩碳酸盐岩而言，下伏地层中的页岩、碎屑岩和泥质岩往往具有高得多的^87Sr／^86Sr，因此，流经或者起源于这些地层的流体具有高的锶同位素比值.

Mechanism of nucleation and precipitation in Li containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

Investigations on the aging hardening behavior of four Al-Li-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy and hardness measurement. It is shown that the addition of Li inhibits the formation of Zn-rich G.P. zones in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. The dominant aging hardening precipitates is delta'(Al3Li) phase. Coarse T ((AlZn)(49)Mg-32) phase, instead of MgZn2, precipitates primarily on grain boundaries, and provides little strengthening. The multi-stop aging involving plastic deformation introduces in the matrix a high concentration of structural defects. These defects play different role on the nucleation of Zn-rich G.P. zones in different alloys. For the Li free alloy, structural defects act as vacancy sinks and tend to suppress the homogeneous precipitation of G.P. zones, while for the Li containing alloys, these defects promote the heterogeneous nucleation of G.P. zones and metastable MgZn2. A significant aging hardening effect is attained in deformed Li containing alloys due to the extra precipitation of fine MgZn2 in the matrix combined with deformation hardening.

Effect of Pb Volatilization on Dielectric Properties of 0.77PbMg1/3(Nb0.9Ta0.1)2/3O3-0.23PbTiO3

Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) is an intriguing candidate for applications in many electronic devices such as multi-layer capacitors, electro-mechanical transducers etc. because of its high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and high strain near the Curie temperature. As an extension of our previous work on Ta-doped PMNT-PT aimed at optimizing the performance and reducing the cost, this paper focuses on the effect of Pb volatilization on the dielectric properties of 0.77Pb(Mg1/3(Nb0.9Ta0.1)2/3)O3-0.23PbTiO3. The dielectric constant and loss of the samples are measured at different frequencies and different temperatures. The phase purity of this compound is determined by X-ray diffraction pattern. It is found that the volatilization during sintering does influence the phase formation and dielectric properties. The best condition is sintering with 0.5 g extra PbO around a 4 g PMNT-PT sample.

SiC颗粒对Al-Zn合金激光快凝晶粒组织的影响

Al-Zn合金和SiCp/Al-Zn复合材料的激光重熔晶粒组织的对比研究表明 ,SiC颗粒对凝固初生相的生长具有阻碍作用。在颗粒尺寸较大和颗粒含量较高的条件下 ,激光熔池中会形成非外延生长的晶粒