21���纪长江干流地区经济可持续发展战略思考

本书述及下列问题：长江流域经济持续发展的国内外环境评价、长江流域在国家经济持续发展中的地位、物质生产与分配能力的增长是否就等于经济发展、生态环境保护及建设与经济发展的关系、产业或部门结构调整与优化的基点。

PP/s 21,2PB 共混物的非等温结晶动力学

用DSC方法研究了聚丙烯（PP）、PP与间同1，2-聚丁二烯（s-1，2PB）共混物的非等温结晶行为，结果表明：Mo法处理PP及PP侮1，2PB（90／10）共混物是非常适宜的，而用Ozawa法处理则存在缺陷。用Jeziomy法处理共混物也是适宜的，但对PP处理存在缺陷；s-1，2PB对PP有加速结晶的作用；s-1，2PB使PP的结晶活化能降低，s-1，2PB在PP结晶过程中起到异相成核的作用

Extraction and separation of rare earths from chloride medium with mixtures of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester and sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

BACKGROUND: 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (HEHEHP, H(2)A(2)) has been applied extensively to the extraction of rare earths. However, there are some limitations to its further utilization and the synergistic extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and another extractant has attracted much attention. Organic carboxylic acids are also a type of extractant employed for the extraction of rare earths, e.g. naphthenic acid has been widely used to separate yttrium from rare earths. Compared with naphthenic acid, sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100, H2B2) has many advantages such as stable composition, low solubility, and strong acidity in the aqueous phase. In the present study, the extraction of rare earths with mixtures of HEHEHP and CA100 has been investigated. The separation of the rare earth elements is also studied.

Solvent extraction study of rare earth elements from chloride medium by mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid with Cyanex301 or Cyanex302

The extraction of rare earth elements from chloride medium by mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex301) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex302) in n-heptane has been studied. The synergistic enhancement of the extraction of lanthanum (III) by mixtures of CA100 with Cyanex301 has been investigated using the methods of slope analysis and constant mole. The extracted complex of lanthanum (III) is determined. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant is calculated as - 1.41. The formation constants and the thermodynamic functions, Delta H, Delta G, and Delta S have also been determined.

Solvent extraction of rare earths from chloride medium with mixtures of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazalone-5 and sec-octylphenoxyacetic acid

The extraction of rare earth elements from chloride medium by mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex301) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex302) in n-heptane has been studied. The synergistic enhancement of the extraction of lanthanum (III) by mixtures of CA100 with Cyanex301 has been investigated using the methods of slope analysis and constant mole. The extracted complex of lanthanum (III) is determined. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant is calculated as - 1.41. The formation constants and the thermodynamic functions, Delta H, Delta G, and Delta S have also been determined.

Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid in chloride media

Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths in chloride medium using sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as modifier, in kerosene has been investigated. The separation coefficients, beta, were obtained and the extraction selectivity has been enhanced when compared with that of naphthenic acid. The experimental results indicated that CA-12-TBP system could be employed to separate yttrium, from rare earths. Fractional extraction (15 stages for extraction and 10 stages for scrubbing) was studied, the raffinate of the first stage was abundant in purity yttrium of 99.5%, with a yield of > 95%, percentage of yttrium in the mixture rare earths was less than 5% in the loaded organic phase of the 25th stage and loaded capability was about 0.2 mol/L.

Mass-transfer kinetics of ytterbium extraction with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

The extraction kinetics of ytterbium with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-100) in heptane have been investigated using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow. The influence of stirring speed and temperature on the rate indicated that the extraction rate was controlled by the experiment conditions. The plot of interfacial area on the rate showed a linear relationship. This fact together with the low solubility in water and strong surface activity of CA-100 at heptane-water interfaces made the interface the most probable locale for the chemical reactions. The influences of extractant concentration and hydrogen ion concentration on the extraction rate were investigated, and the forward and reverse rate equations for the ytterbium extraction with CA-100 were also obtained. Based on the experimental data, the apparent forward extraction rate constant was calculated. Interfacial reaction models were proposed that agree well with the rate equations obtained from experimental data.

Extraction mechanism of rare earths with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid by two-phase titration technique

The compositions of the extracted complexes of La, Gd, Er and Y with sec-octyl-phenoxy acetic acid in heptane and the related apparent extraction equilibrium constants K-M were determined using two-phase titration technique. The stoichiometric compounds for La, Gd, Er and Y should be LaA(3) . 2.5HA, GdA(3) . 3HA, ErA(3) . 3.1HA and YA(3) . 4.3HA respectively. And their pK(M) are 3.43, 3.46, 3.08 and 2.58 respectively.

Solvent extraction of scandium(III), yttrium(III), lanthanides(III), and divalent metal ions with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

Such physicochemical properties of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-100) as the solubility in water, acid dissociation constant in water, dimerization constant in heptane, and distribution constant in organic solvent-water were measured by two-phase titration. The extraction behaviors of scandium (III), yttrium (III), lanthanides (III), and divalent metal ions from hydrochloric acid solutions with CA-100 in heptane have been investigated, and the possibilities of separating scandium (yttrium) from lanthanides and divalent metal ions have been carefully discussed. The stoichiometries of the extracted metal complexes were investigated by the slope-analysis technique. The effect of the nature of diluent on the extraction of yttrium (III) with CA100 has been studied and correlated with the dielectric constant.

Extraction kinetics of rare earth elements with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid

The kinetics of RE (La, Gd, Er, Yb and Y) extraction with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid was investigated using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow at 303 K. The natures of the extracted complexes have some effect on the extraction rate which is controlled by the reaction rate of M(III) and extractant molecules at two-phase interface for Er(III), Yb(III) and Y(III), by a mixed chemical reaction-diffusion for Gd(III) and a diffusion for La( III). The extractant molecules tend to adsorb at the interface. So an interfacial extraction reaction model was derived.

Determination of some basic constants of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid

In this work some basic constants of extractant Sec-Octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) such as solubility (S) in water, dissociation constant (K-a) in aqueous solution, dimerization constant( K-2) and distribution constant (K-d) between water and haptane have been determined by two phase titration method. The results are as follows: S = 1.40 x 10(-4) mol/L, K-a = 3.02 x 10(-4), K-2 = 3.56 x 10(2), K-d = 4.06 x 10(2) (25 +/-0.5 degreesC).

展望21���纪的高分子化学

回顾了高分子合成化学方法和高分子材料的发展历史，结合高分子化学的研究现状，展望了21���纪的高分子化学的发展前景。

稀土LF_(21)铝合金氧化膜电解着色的研究

本文叙述了采用色度法对稀土LF_(21)铝合金氧化膜电解着色进行的研究。结果表明:电解着色液浓度、着色电压、电流密度、温度、时间以及合金成分等因素对电解着色均有较大影响。稀土可显著提高着色速度,稀土含量为0.30%时电解着色膜性能最佳。

稀土对LF_(21)铝合金电解着色层耐蚀性能的影响

通过添加富铈(含量为52％的)混合稀土,考察了不同混合稀土加入量,不同的氧化着色工艺及其它因素对稀土铝锰合金膜层耐蚀性能影响。结果表明:稀土元素明显地改善和提高电解着色层的耐紫外线、耐热、耐水、耐酸、碱盐及各种气体等腐蚀性能。

稀土LF2_(21)电解着色膜物理化学性能的研究

本文叙述了阳极氧化工艺对稀土铝锰合金电解着色膜物理化学性能的影响。结果证实,在硫酸、硫酸亚锡电解着色液中获得的电析着色膜,具有较好的物理、化学性能。稀土含量在0.30%时呈现极值,性能最佳。