真骨鱼类DMRT基因家族的连锁结构及其系统发生

利用已经报道的多个物种基因组序列资源,我们通过比较真骨鱼类(Teleost fish)共有的DMRT1-5基因所在染色体位置的基因组结构特征,从基因组水平证明了真骨鱼类和四足动物的相应DMRT基因的直系同源关系,揭示了DMRT4和DMRT5是因为真骨鱼类和四足动物的共同祖先发生了染色体重复事件而由同一基因分歧演变形成的。同时通过基因连锁分析,探测到包括SNF2和elavL家族基因在内的多个可能与DMRT基因功能密切相关的基因,为进一步研究DMRT基因和它们之间可能存在的调控机制提供了新的线索。

长臀口的AFLP分析

采用AFLP分子标记技术对珠江长臀和海南长臀共60个个体(每个群体30个)进行了遗传多样性研究。选取的18对引物组合均能扩增出清晰、可重复的扩增产物,扩增带型差异明显。两个群体均表现出较高的多态位点比例和特异性条带数。群体内个体间的遗传相似度(平均值)珠江长臀种群为0.9462±0.0237,海南长臀为0.9465±0.0226,海南长臀比珠江长臀略高。群体间的遗传相似度是0.9367±0.0231,小于两个群体内的遗传相似度,两群体的遗传距离是0.0634±0.0230。根据遗传相似度绘制了

淡水藻源异味化合物的光降解和光催化降解研究

为探讨利用太阳光降解水中异味化合物的可行性,对2-甲基异莰醇(MIB)、β-柠檬醛(β-Cyclocitral)和β-紫罗兰酮(β-Ionone)等3种异味化合物在紫外光和太阳光下的光降解及光催化降解效果进行了研究。结果表明,单波长紫外光——UVC(254 nm)和UVB(312 nm)及太阳光均能有效降解纯水中的β-Cyclocitral和β-Ionone,但不能降解MIB。加入纳米TiO2后,在UVC(254 nm)、UVB(312 nm)和太阳光照射下,MIB、β-Cyclocitral和β-Ion

构建湿地去除酞酸酯的基质微生物和酶机制研究

随着塑料制品的广泛使用,酞酸酯的污染越来越引起人们的广泛关注。目前,DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)和DEHP(邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯)已成为全球最普遍的污染物之一。报告了复合垂直流构建湿地对含酞酸酯(DBP等)的污水污染的去除效果,以及湿地去除酞酸酯的基质微生物和酶方面的净化机理。具体结果如下:复合垂直流构建湿地对酞酸酯污染具有较好的净化效果,去除率高达99.9%以上;构建湿地对酞酸酯的净化主要发生在氧气含量相对较多的下行流池,上行流池的净化作用相对较差;同时分层实验还发现,构建湿地的净化作用主要集中在湿地上层基

原生动物生物指数的进一步验证及其适用性分析

利用意大利河流TorrenteStirone和Parma的原生动物数据及水质化学数据 ,对作者所建立的原生动物生物指数的适用性进行了验证 ,结果表明 ,所得CPV与化学综合污染指数有显著的相关 ,说明建立的生物指数有广泛的适用性。文中对SPV的使用方法、适用范围、应注意的问题进行了分析和讨论。

武汉东湖不同营养型子湖的水生生物与水域功能

于1991－1993年研究了武汉东湖4个营养型不同的子湖中水生生物与水域功能，表明各子湖之间各类水生生物的生态特征存在明显差异。茶港湾的HBC和FC的数量、藻类的细胞密度和初级生产量、浮游动物和底栖动物的个体密度等均居4个子湖之首，其水质已达到超富营养水平，将该湖区作为污水天然净化区进行管理，可望对东湖的主体湖区起到缓冲和保护作用；郭郑湖的水质状况仅次于茶港湾湖区，处于富营养阶段，该湖区多项生化指标已不符合饮用水源和养殖水体的要求，以发展水上运动和旅游事业为主要功能较为适宜；后湖的营养水平介于中-富营养和

湖北天鹅洲故道试养江豚生活习性的初步观察

为抢救濒危水生兽类白暨豚（Ｌｉｐｏｔｅｓｖｅｘｉｌｌｉｆｅｒ），建立保护区无疑是最有效的途径。１９９０年３月到１９９３年１０月，我们对引进白暨豚保护区湖北天鹅洲故道中试养的１１头江豚（Ｎｅｏｐｈｏｃａｅｎａｐｈｏｃａｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ）的生活状况和对环境的适应性，进行了较为详细的研究，力求在引入白暨豚前，对此地江豚的生活情况及白暨豚保护区的建区工作做进一步的生态评价。结果表明，江豚非常适应故道环境。它们能在其中正常生活，完成妊娠过程，顺利分娩，抚幼，幼体也能正常发育和成长。此外，故道还存在豚类防逃的屏障。所有

东湖异养细菌群落的分类结构和聚类分析

对东湖异养细菌群落结构采用系统分类和微机聚类分析方法作了比较研究。169株由东湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ站水体中分离的异养细菌分别隶属于30个细菌属。其中以芽孢杆菌属居于明显优势,其次是微球菌属。在不同水域或水层,细菌的分布表现有一定的差别,但各站间多样性指数值没有明显的差异。基于113项生物学特性检测结果,采用lBM PC/XT微机聚类分析后计算各站细菌的多样性指数发现:Ⅰ站明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ两站,43项检测系统所得结果与此表现了一致的趋势。这与东湖各站水环境的理化分析参数是比较吻合的。作者对以上结果作了讨论。

在光、暗及高温下氧与鱼腥藻7120固氮的关系

鱼腥藻7120从光转暗不同时间后,照光检测固氮活性的损失速度与氧量直接相关。在黑暗12小时后,复光时的活性恢复被氧霉素、氯化铵或38—40℃空气氧所阻遏,黑暗中生成的酶易被氧失活。在光下和黑暗中短时暴露于不同氧压时,黑暗中氧引起固氮活性的下降比光下快得多。抗坏血酸大大减少高氧引起的失活,高温可能增加固氮酶活性对氧的敏感性。在光下100%O_2处理120分钟,活性没有进一步下降,也没有活性的恢复,没有观察到构型保护。讨论了环境条件与氧保护的关系。

Mutations stabilize small subunit ribosomal RNA in desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria Nostoc

The ribosomal RNA molecule is an ideal model for evaluating the stability of a gene product under desiccation stress. We isolated 8 Nostoc strains that had the capacity to withstand desiccation in habitats and sequenced their 16S rRNA genes. The stabilities of 16S rRNAs secondary structures, indicated by free energy change of folding, were compared among Nostoc and other related species. The results suggested that 163 rRNA secondary structures of the desiccation-tolerant Nostoc strains were more stable than that of planktonic Nostocaceae species. The stabilizing mutations were divided into two categories: (1) those causing GC to replace other types of base pairs in stems and (2) those causing extension of stems. By mapping stabilizing mutations onto the Nostoc phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene, it was shown that most of stabilizing mutations had evolved during adaptive radiation among Nostoc spp. The evolution of 16S rRNA along the Nostoc lineage is suggested to be selectively advantageous under desiccation stress.

Estimated detection distance of a baiji's (Chinese river dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer) whistles using a passive acoustic survey method

Source levels and phonation intervals of whistles produced by a free-ranging baiji (Chinese river dolphin) were measured in the seminatural reserve of Shishou in Hubei, China. A total of 43 whistles were recorded over 12 recording sessions. The mean dominant frequency (the frequency at the highest energy) was 5.7 kHz (s.d.=0.67). The calculated source level was 143.2 dB rms re 1 mu Pa (s.d.=5.8). Most phonation intervals were shorter than 460 s, and the average interval was 205 s (s.d. = 254). Theoretical detection range of baiji's whistle was 6600 m at the present study site, but it could reduce a couple of hundred meters in practical noisy situation in the Yangtze River. Sporadic phonation (205 s interval on average) with relatively faint signal of baiji was considered, to be difficult to be detected by a towing hydrophone system. Stationed monitoring or slow speed towing of hydrophones along the river current is recommended. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America.

Effects of age and dietary protein level on digestive enzyme activity and gene expression of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco larvae

The present research studied the effects of age and dietary protein level on pepsin, trypsin and amylase activity and their mRNA level in Petteobagrus fulvidraco larvae from 3 to 26 days after hatch (DAH). Three DAH larvae were fed three isoenergetic diets, containing 42.8% (CP 43), 47.3% (CP 47) and 52.8% (CP 53) crude protein. Live food (newly hatched Artemia, unenriched) was included as a control. The effects of age on enzyme activity and mRNA were as follows: pepsin and trypsin activity in all treatment groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase at the beginning and decrease later although the timing of decrease was not the same among treatment groups and between the digestive enzymes. Pepsin and trypsin mRNA level followed the pattern of their respective enzyme changes. Age significantly affected amylase activity (P < 0.05) while age had no effect on amylase mRNA during the experimental period. The four diets significantly (P < 0.05) affected activity and mRNA level of pepsin and trypsin. Diets did not affect amylase activity or mRNA level. These results suggest that the effects of age on pepsin and trypsin gene expressions are at the transcriptional level. Dietary protein level does affect pepsin and trypsin gene expression in the early life of P. fulvidraco. There were no transcriptional effects on amylase gene expression. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.