75 resultados para Hedysarum laeve Maxim


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目的对蓼科(Polygonaceae)植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim、ex Balf.)染色体核型进行研究。方法采用常规压片方法,并结合显微摄影对染色体进行检测分析。结果唐古特大黄体细胞染色体数目为2n=22;核型公式为K(2n)=22=20m+2sm,核型为“1A”型。结论唐古特大黄染色体的核型属于较原始的类型。

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1 植物名称 山莨菪[Anisodustanguticus(Maxim.)Pascher],别名甘青山莨菪。 2材料类别休眠芽(春季取材)。[第一段]

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1植物名称麻花艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim.),又名麻花秦艽,藏药中称为"解吉嘎保".2材料类别幼嫩叶子.3培养条件愈伤组织诱导培养基:(1)MS+2,4-D3.0 mg•L-1(单位下同);(2)MS+2,4-D 3.0+KT 1.0.继代培养基:(3)MS+2,4-D 1.0+6-BA 0.5+NAA 0.5.分化培养基:(4)MS+NAA 1.0+6-BA 2.0+ZT 3.0.以上培养基均附加CH(水解酪蛋白)300、肌醇200、3%蔗糖、5 g•L-1琼脂粉,pH 5.8.培养温度为(25±1)℃,光源为日光灯,光强为30~60μmol•m-2•s-1,光照时间12 h•d-1.

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麻花秦艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim.)具有清热利胆、舒筋止痛之功效,是一种治疗风湿性关节炎、肺结核、低热盗汗、黄疸型肝炎等的珍稀藏药草本植物。笔者系统阐述了近年来该植物的研究进展,并对其研究方向进行了展望,为该物种资源的进一步有效开发利用提供参考。

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报道了青藏高原地区的点地梅属Androsace L.及羽叶点地梅属Pomatosace Maxim.共14种29个居群的ITS与trnL-F DNA序列各27与25条;并结合已报道相关种类的有关序列,构建了"点地梅群"的分子系统发育树.研究发现"点地梅群"的4个属为一单系类群,含有两个稳定的分支:一支全部由点地梅属的种类组成,另一支分别由羽叶点地梅属、Douglasia Lindley、Vitaliana Sesler和9种点地梅属植物组成;点地梅属裂叶组sect. Samuelia Schlechtd.的3个种与点地梅组sect. Androsace的2个种在3套序列分析中位于不同的系统位置.各分支基部的种都分布在中国东南部及青藏高原东部,分子地理标记的结果支持形态学提出该地区为"点地梅群"植物起源地的假设.从青藏高原东部地区向欧洲及其他北半球地区存在不同时期内多个进化支的多次扩散.粗略的时间估算表明该群植物可能是在第三纪的中新世以来才开始发生的.垫状种类分别在青藏高原和欧洲独立起源,而在青藏高原地区的分化要早于在欧洲的分化,在前一地区可能与青藏高原自中新世开始发生的造山运动、形成高海拔的山地有关,而在后一地区则是与第三纪末至第四纪的冰期气候反复波动有关.垫状植物在青藏高原上的大规模分布则可能较晚,与冰期结束后全新世晚期气候再次变冷有关.一些物种种

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试验选用唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Regel.)种子萌发的无菌苗及无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根作为材料,研究唐古特大黄不同外植体的离体培养技术.结果表明,唐古特大黄的无菌苗和无菌苗子叶、下胚轴、胚根和幼根都可以作为离体培养的良好外植体.唐古特大黄的最适分化培养基是:B5+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 3 mg/L;最适生根培养基是:1/2 MS+NAA 1 mg/L+3%蔗糖或1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖;愈伤组织诱导培养基是:MS+2,4-D 1 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L.

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Floral organogenesis and development of Przeivalskia langutica Maxim, endemic to China and Hyoscyamus niger L. , which belong to the tribe Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae), were studied using scanning electron microscope. They have three common characters of floral organ initiation and development: 1) initia-tion of the floral organs in the two species follows Hofmeister's rule; 2) the mode of corolla tube development belongs to the "late sympetaly" type; 3) primordia of the floral appendages initiated in a pentameroua pattern and acropetal order. But initiation of the calyx-lobe primordia showed different modes in these two species. The calyx-lobe primordia of H, niger have simultaneously whorled initiation, while those of P, tangulica have helical initiation, but the five calyx-lobe primordia form a ring after all five calyx-lobe primordia occur. The systematic significance of the present results in the genera Hyoscyamus and Przeivalskia is discussed in this paper.

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山莨菪Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher系茄科植物,俗称樟柳参,藏医音译唐冲那保,山莨菪作为传统的藏药,具有麻醉、解痉、镇痛、镇静、解磷中毒等多种功效。其有效成分主要是托烷类生物碱,如东莨菪碱(scopolamine)、山莨菪碱(anisodamine)、阿托品(atropine)、樟柳碱(anisodine)等。研究4种托烷类生物碱含量随海拔的变化,对控制药用植物原料的质量、开发药用植物资源和生物资源可持续利用等均具有重要意义。为此我们对此进行了研究。

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首次记载了毛冠菊属 2种 4居群的核形态资料。两种植物的染色体间期和前期染色体为复杂型和中间型。狭舌毛冠菊两居群的染色体数目与核型公式为 2n =1 8=1 4m + 2sm + 2st( 2SAT) ;毛冠菊两居群的染色体数目与核型公式为 2n =1 8=1 4m + 2sm( 2SAT) + 2st。它们分别代表了整个毛冠菊属的两组植物 ,并包含了形态学上最原始的种类 ,因此 ,该属的染色体基数可能为x =9。核形态证据表明毛冠菊属放在紫菀族比放在旋覆花族和千里光族中更为合理。

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本文首次对中国特有的羽叶点地梅属Pomatosace Maxim.进行了细胞学研究。羽叶点地梅P.filicula Maxim.的间期核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别为复杂染色中心型和中间型;染色体数目为2n=20 ,核型公式为2n= 18m + 2sm ;染色体大小介于6.4μm 至4.1 μm 之间;核型不对称性为2A 型。细胞学证据支持羽叶点地梅属与点地梅属相近的观点。

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首次报道了条纹龙胆(Gentiana striata Maxim.) 的胚胎学特征, 研究结果用以讨论龙胆属狭蕊组(Gentiana Sect.Stenogyne) 的系统演化关系。主要研究结果如下: 花药四室; 药壁发育为双子叶型; 绒毡层细胞仅来源于初生壁细胞, 故绒毡层起源属单型起源, 细胞具单核,原位退化, 属腺质型绒毡层, 药隔处的绒毡层细胞经多次平周分裂形成2 层至多层的绒毡层细胞, 其余部位的绒毡层细胞仍为1 层细胞; 中层细胞1 层;在花药成熟时, 花药的表皮细胞和药室内壁均部分纤维状加厚且柱状伸长。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型, 四分体的排列主要为四面体形;成熟花粉为32细胞型。子房为2心皮, 1室, 侧膜胎座。胚珠4列。薄珠心,单珠被, 珠心基部产生珠被原基, 进而形成珠被, 条纹龙胆仅有1 层珠被。珠被沿珠心向上生长并将珠心包围, 于胚珠顶部形成珠孔。胚珠在发育过程中, 整个胚珠的本体倒转, 而且珠柄继续生长并弯曲, 使珠孔与合点端的连线与珠柄垂直, 形成Hypertropous 胚珠。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4 个大孢子呈直列式排列, 合点端的大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为蓼型。极核在受精前融合为次生核, 反足细胞3 个、多宿存。雄蕊先熟。珠孔受精。胚乳发育为核型。胚胎发育为茄型酸浆Ⅱ变型。通过比较龙胆属狭蕊组与龙胆属其它组和双蝴蝶属的胚胎学特征表明, 龙胆属狭蕊组在一些重要的胚胎学特征上与双蝴蝶属较相似, 而与龙胆属其它组存在较大差异, 故建议应将龙胆属狭蕊组从龙胆属中移出。

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对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科3 种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式(K)、染色体相对长度组成(C. R. L. ) 和核型不对称系数(A s. K% ) 分别为: 青藏金莲花 T rollius pumilus var. tangu ticus: K (2n) = 6m + 8sm (2SA T ) + 2st, C. R. L. = 4L + 4M 2+ 4M 1+ 4S,A s. K% = 63. 57, 核型属2B型; 甘青乌头A conitum tanguticum 为K (2n) = 6m + 10sm ,C. R. L. = 4L + 8M 1+ 4S,A s. K% = 62. 54, 2B 型; 单花翠雀花Delphinium candelabrum var.monanthum 为K (2n) = 6m + 8sm + 2st, C. R. L. = 4L + 4M 2+ 4M 1+ 6S,A s. K% = 64. 34, 属3B 型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较, 青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花T.ch inensis 低; 甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群(乌头组Sect. Aconitum ) 已报道的种之内最低; 单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组(Sect. Delphinastrum ) 已报道的展毛翠雀花D. kamaoense var. glabrescens、多枝翠雀花D. maxim owiczii 和蓝翠雀花D. caeruleum 都低。这与该3 种植物在王文采先生(1979) 中国毛茛分类系统中的位置是一致的。

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分析和报道了马先蒿属(Pedicularis Linn.)分布于青藏高原东北部6个特有种的核型,并根据核型及其有关参数,分析和比较了该6种马先蒿核型的不对称性和相对进化程度。6个种的体细胞染色体数目都是2n=16。核型分别为:绵德马先蒿P.pilostachya Maxim.,核型公式K(2n)=16=4m+12sm,染色体相对长度组成2L+6M2+6M1+2S,核型不对称系数As·K=65.29%,属于2A型;青海马先蒿P.przewalskii Maxim.,K(2n)=16=8m(SAT)+4sm+2s+2t,2L+8M2+2M1+4S,As·K=65.02%,2B型;华马先蒿P.oederi Vahl.var.sinensis(Maxim.)Hurus.,K(2n)=16=12m+4sm,2L+4M2+8M1+2 S,As·K=59.89%,2B型;粗野马先蒿P.rudis Maxim.,K(2n)=16=4m+10sm+2st,4L+4M2+4M1+2 S,As·K=68.10%,2B型;甘肃马先蒿P.kansuensis Maxim. Subsp. kansuensis,K(2n)=16=6m+6sm+2st+2t,2L+6M2+6M1+2 S,As·K=68.92%,2A型;藓生马先蒿P.muscicola Maxim. K(2n)=16=8m(SAT)+8sm,2L=8M2+4M1+2S,As·K=62.64%,2B型。根据这6个种的核型和已有资料,认为该属的染色体基数x=8,极少数种有多倍体。通过对以上6种核型及进化程度的比较,该属核型变异较大,以中部着丝粒染色体为组成基础(较原始的种类,如华马先蒿和绵穗马先蒿),端部或近端部着丝粒染色体存在与否与该属内种的进化程度有关。核型不对称性所表示的进化程度似乎与花冠的演化有联系。

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A new daphnane diterpene was isolated from the root barks of Daphne tangutica Maxim. Its structure was elucidated as 1, 2 alpha-dihydro-20-palimoyldaphnetoxin by the spectroscopic evidence including 2D-NMR.

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The combined occurrence of both herkogamy and dichogamy in a hermaphrodite species has been considered to strongly favour outcrossing. In this study, we investigated in detail the reproductive ecology of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), a hermaphrodite perennial endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In a series of observations and experiments over four consecutive years, we examined whether the combination of dichogamy and herkogamy in individual flowers completely prevents geitonogamous pollen transfer in this species. The mode of floral development clearly indicates that autonomous self-pollination is completely avoided through herkogamy and dichogamy in individual flowers. This implication was confirmed by the breeding experiments, since no seed was produced when flowers were isolated. However, this gentian proved to be highly self-compatible when geitonogamous selfing was artificially induced. Many flowers opened simultaneously on individual plants, the ratio of male to female phase flowers was close to 2:1 in each inflorescence, at the full anthesis phase, and they were randomly distributed amongst the upper, middle and lower parts of each stem's inflorescence. On average, Bombus sushikini Skorikov, the most frequent visitor and only legitimate pollinator of G. straminea, visited nearly two flowers per inflorescence, and four flowers per plant. Among the pollinators' foraging bouts, the proportions of geitonogamous visits to inflorescences or flowers within an individual plant were 29% and 37%, respectively. Therefore, despite the strict dichogamous and herkogamous characteristics of the individual flowers, geitonogamous selfing might still prevail in G. straininea because of the size of its floral displays and the continuous visiting behavior of B. sushkini. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.