鲤科鱼类6个正反交人工异源三倍体胚胎的染色体变化及其发育命运

采用静水压休克保留第二极体的方法,在鲤(♀)×鲢(?)、鲫(♀)×鲢(?)、白鲫(♀)×鲢(?)和鲢(♀)×鲤(?)、鲢(♀)×鲫(?)、鲢(♀)×白鲫(?)6个正反交组合中都诱导出了异源三倍体,但只有正交鲤(♀)×鲢(?)、鲫(♀)×鲢(?)和白鲫(♀)×鲢(?)3个处理组中整倍性的异源三倍体胚胎才有可能正常发育,孵化出苗;而反交鲢(♀)×鲤(?)、鲢(♀)×鲫(?)和鲢(♀)×白鲫(?)3个处理组中的异源三倍体胚胎在发育过程中不断发生染色体排除和丢失,形成非整倍体而死亡,只有少数雌核发育二倍体鲢才能孵

果糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶的代谢调控

<正> 果糖1,6-二磷酸酯酶(FBPase 1)在生物体内糖异生代谢途径中起着重要的作用。当二价金属离子存在时,它催化果糖1,6-二磷酸(Fru-1,6-P_2)水解生成果糖6-磷酸(Fru-6-P)和无机磷。它是一个由4个相同亚单位构成的蛋白质,其亚单位分子量约为35 000～40 000。FBPase 1可被蛋白水解酶降解修饰,使其最适pH从7.5变为9.2。该酶受AMP及果糖2,6-二磷酸(Fru-2,6-P_2)

Waterborne exposure to fluorotelomer alcohol 6:2 FTOH alters plasma sex hormone and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of zebrafish

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) have shown estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of this activity is not known. In this study, 18-week-old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/l 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctan-1-ol (6:2 ETCH) for 7 days, and the effects on plasma sex hormone levels were measured followed by use of real-time PCR to examine selected gene expression in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and liver. Exposure to 6:2 FTOH significantly increased plasma estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels in both males and females. Furthermore, the ratio of T/E2 was reduced in females while increased in males. In females, the increase of E2 was accompanied by up-regulated hepatic estrogenic receptor alpha (ER alpha) and vitellogenin (VTG1 and VTG3) expression. In males, the elevation of the T level is consistent with the up-regulation of cytochrome P450 c17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17, 20-lase (CYP17) and the down-regulation of cytochrome P450 aromatase A (CYP19A). The present study demonstrated that waterborne exposure to 6:2 FTOH alter plasma sex hormone levels and the ratio of T/E2, as well as the transcriptional profiles of some genes in the HPG axis and liver. The results suggested that FTOHs may disturb fish reproduction through endocrine disrupted activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

RNAi suppression of zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 (zfPGRP6) mediated differentially expressed genes involved in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and caused increased susceptibility to Flavobacterium columnare

In Drosophila, Toll signaling cascade, which resembles the mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR)/IL-1R signaling pathways and regulates the expression of anti-microbial peptide genes, mainly relies on peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) for the detection of bacterial pathogens. To explore the effect of zebrafish peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 (zfPGRP6) on Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RNA interference (siRNA) and real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) methods were used to identify differentially expressed genes regulated by zfPGRP6. The target genes included TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, IL1R, Sterile-alpha and Armadillo motif containing protein (SARM), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B2 (p100/p52). The results of RQ-PCR showed that RNAi-mediated Suppression of zfPGRP6 significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR2, TLR5, IL1R, SARM, MyD88 and p100/p52. The expression of beta-defensin-1 was also down-regulated in those embryos silenced by zfPGRP6. In challenge experiments to determine the anti-bacterial response to Gram-negative bacteria, RNAi knock-down of zfPGRP6 markedly increased susceptibility to Flavobacterium columnare. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of phthalate acid esters plasticizers in plastic by ultrasonic solvent extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction using calix[4]arene fiber

Ultrasonic solvent extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with calix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone (C[4]/OHTSO) oil coated fiber was used to extract phthalate acid esters (PAEs) plasticizers in plastic, such as blood bags, transfusion tubing, food packaging bag, and mineral water bottle for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). Both extraction parameters (i.e. extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength) and conditions of the thermal desorption in a GC injector were optimized by analysis of eight phthalates. The fiber shows wonderful sensitivity and selectivity to the tested compounds. Owing to its high thermal stability (380 degreesC), the carryover effect that often encountered when using conventional fibers can be reduced by appropriately enhancing the injector temperature. The method showed linear response over two to four orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients (r) better than 0.996, and limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.006 and 0.084 mug l(-1). The relative standard deviation values obtained were less than or equal to 10%. bis-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was the sole analyte detected in these plastics and recoveries were in the ranges 95.5-101.4% in all the samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA ND5/6 region among 3 subspecies of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its application to genetic discrimination of subspecies

Mitochondrial DNA ND5/6 region was studied by PCR-RFLP analysis among ten representative strains belonging to three subspecies (Cyprinus carpio carpio, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus and Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). A total of 2.4 kb fragment was amplified and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis with nine restriction endonucleases subsequently. The results indicated that each subspecies owned one hyplotype and four restriction enzymes (Dde I, HaeIII, Taq I and Mbo I) produced diagnostic restriction sites which could be used for discriminating the three subspecies and as molecular genetic markers for assistant selective breeding of common carp.

Isolation by phage display and characterization of a single-chain antibody specific for O-6-methyldeoxyguanosine

New approaches of making single chain Fv antibodies against O-6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O(6)MdG) have been demonstrated by using the phage antibody display system. Using O(6)MdG as an antigen, 21 positive clones were identified by ELISA from this library, one of which, designated H3, specifically binds to O(6)MdG with high affinity. The H3 scFv antibody has an affinity constant (K-aff) of 5.94 x 10(11)(mol/L)(-1). H3 scFv has been successfully used to detect O-6 MdG in DNA hydrolyses from yeast or E. coli cells treated with a DNA methylating agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the selection of a specific scFv against DNA adducts. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the phage display technology for the detection of DNA lesions caused by mutagens and carcinogens.

Metamorphic InGaAs quantum wells for light emission at 1.3-1.6 mu m

Metamorphic InGaAs quantum well structures grown on GaAs reveal strong light emission at 1.3-1.6 mu m, smooth surface with an average roughness below 2 nm. and good rectifying I-V characteristics. Dark line defects are found in the QW Post growth thermal annealing further improves the luminescence efficiency but does not remove those dark line defects. Some challenges of epitaxial growth using this method for laser applications are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A 5.6-mW Power Dissipation CMOS Frequency Synthesizer for L1/L2 Dual-Band GPS Application

This paper presents a wide tuning range CMOS frequency synthesizer for dual-band GPS receiver, which has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-um RF CMOS process. With a high Q on-chip inductor, the wide-band VCO shows a tuning range from 2 to 3.6GHz to cover 2.45GHz and 3.14GHz in case of process corner or temperature variation, with a current consumption varying accordingly from 0.8mA to 0.4mA, from a 1.8V supply voltage. The measurement results show that the whole frequency synthesizer costs a very low power consumption of 5.6mW working at L I band with in-band phase noise less than -82dBc/Hz and out-of-band phase noise about -112 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a 3.142GHz carrier.

A Novel 0.72-6.2GHz Continuously-Tunable Delta Sigma Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer

This paper presents a wideband Delta Sigma-based fractional-N synthesizer with three integrated quadrature VCOs for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication applications. It continuously covers a wide range frequency from 0.72GHz to 6.2GHz that is suitable for multiple communication standards. The synthesizer is designed in 0.13-um RE CMOS process. The dual clock full differential multi-modulus divide (MMD) with low power consumption can operate over 9GHz under the worst condition. In the whole range frequency from 0.72GHz to 6.2GHz, the maximal tuning range of the QVCOs reaches 33.09% and their phase noise is -119d8/Hz similar to 124d8/Hz @1MHz. Its current is less than 12mA at a 1.2V voltage supply when it operates at the highest frequency of 6.2GHz.