全球基本环流模式中东印度洋和西太平洋热量收支及其主控因素的研究

东印度洋和西太平洋海表温度变化对全球气候有重要影响，然而，用观测资料分析上层海洋热量收支目前为止还不可能，因为我们无法同时获得所需资料，本文提出一个可行方案：选用一个与真实海洋热力结构和环流特征相吻合的海洋模式，定量分析模式中上层海洋热量收支，从而了解东印度洋和西太平洋暖水库维持与变化过程中起主导作用的物理机制。本文使用的模式是Semtner-Chervin(1988)建立的海洋基本环流模式，用于检验模式可靠性的资料是东印度洋Fremantle-Sunda Strait测线上（1983-1989）和西太平洋Noumea-Japan测线上（1970-1987）的XBT资料以及Oberhuber(1988)估算的海气热量交换资料。本文的主要结论是：（1）Semtner-Chervin模式结果与实测热力结构和环流特征具有惊人的类似，因而所得结果是真实的和可靠的；（2）不同的物理过程在不同区域的年平均和季平均热量收支中起着不同的作用；（3）除了海气热量交换以外，海洋环流对东印度洋和西太平洋暖水库附近上层热结构有重要影响。

青海高原不同海拔珠芽蓼叶绿体超微结构的比较

用电子显微镜技术观察研究了生长于青海高原 3个海拔地带 (2 5 0 0 m、 32 0 0 m、 3980 m )的珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum L .)叶绿体的超微结构 ,发现随着海拔的升高 ,叶绿体结构呈现显著的变化趋势。2 5 0 0 m和32 0 0 m处叶绿体形状规则 ,分布在细胞边缘。 3980 m处叶绿体膨大变形 ,且分布在整个细胞当中。海拔升高 ,类囊体膜减少 ,膜垛叠程度减小。不同海拔珠芽蓼叶绿体的类囊体膜结构差异较大 ,特点显著。随海拔升高 ,珠芽蓼叶绿体破坏程度增加。主要表现为类囊体膜肿胀、类囊体膜溶解和叶绿体破裂。许多破裂的叶绿体中残留有发达的基粒和大而多的淀粉粒。珠芽蓼叶绿体的这些结构特征, 既是环境胁迫的结果, 又是植物适应性的表现。

An inventory of forest relicts in the pastures of Southern Tibet (Xizang AR, China)

An inventory of isolated tree stands surrounded by desert pastures in Southern Tibet (A.R. Xizang, China) revealed more than 50 sites with vigorous trees of Juniperus convallium Rehder & E.H. Wilson and Juniperus tibetica Kom and additional more than 10 records where juniper trees had been destroyed between 1959-1976. The tree stands are not restricted to any specific habitat, and occur within an area stretching 650 km westwards from the current forest border of Southern Tibet. The trees are religious landmarks of the Tibetan Buddhists. The highest trees were found at an elevation of 4,860 m. Vegetation records, rainfall correlations and temperature data collected by local climate stations and successful reforestation trials since 1999 indicate that forest relicts fragmented through human interference could regenerate if current cattle grazing and deforestation practices are halted. The drought line of Juniperus forests in Southern Tibet is approximately 200-250 mm/a. A first pollen diagram from Lhasa shows forest decline associated with the presence of humans since at least 4,600 yr BP. The currently degraded commons developed in the last 600 yr. To date, no findings of remains of ancient forests in the Central Tibetan Highlands of the Changtang have been reported.

ADAMS在卡钳设计仿真中的应用

虚拟样机技术是利用计算机分析软件，通过建立运动学、动力学模型来分析和评估系统的性能，从而为物理样机的设计和制造提供参数依据.本文简述了虚拟样机技术和动力学仿真软件ADAMS以及虚拟样机开发的流程；介绍了它在卡钳机构仿真分析中的应用。

随钻地震技术的研究及应用

Seismic While Drilling (SWD) is a new wellbore seismic technique. It uses the vibrations produced by a drill-bit while drilling as a downhole seismic energy source. The continuous signals generated by the drill bit are recorded by a pilot sensor attached to the top of the drill-string. Seismic wave receivers positioned in the earth near its surface receive the seismic waves both directly and reflection from the geologic formations. The pilot signal is cross-correlated with the receiver signals to compute travel-times of the arrivals (direct arrival and reflected arrival) and attenuate incoherent noise. No downhole intrusmentation is required to obtain the data and the data recording does not interfere with the drilling process. These characteristics offer a method by which borehole seismic data can be acquired, processed, and interpreted while drilling. As a Measure-While-Drill technique. SWD provides real-time seismic data for use at the well site . This can aid the engineer or driller by indicating the position of the drill-bit and providing a look at reflecting horizons yet to be encountered by the drill-bit. Furthermore, the ease with which surface receivers can be deployed makes multi-offset VSP economically feasible. First, this paper is theoretically studying drill-bit wavefield， interaction mode between drill-bit and formation below drill-bit , the new technique of modern signal process was applied to seismic data, the seismic body wave radiation pattern of a working roller-cone drill-bit can be characterized by theoretical modeling. Then , a systematical analysis about the drill-bit wave was done, time-distance equation of seismic wave traveling was established, the process of seismic while drilling was simulated using the computer software adaptive modeling of SWD was done . In order to spread this technique, I have made trial SWD modeling during drilling. the paper sketches out the procedure for trial SWD modeling during drilling , the involved instruments and their functions, and the trial effect. Subsurface condition ahead of the drill-bit can be predicted drillstring velocity was obtained by polit sensor autocorrelation. Reference decovolution, the drillstring multiples in the polit signal are removed by reference deconvolution, the crosscorrelation process enhance the signal-to-noise power ratio, lithologies. Final, SWD provides real-time seismic data for use at the well site well trajectory control exploratory well find out and preserve reservoirs. intervel velocity was computed by the traveltime The results of the interval velocity determination reflects the pore-pressure present in the subsurface units ahead of the drill-bit. the presences of fractures in subsurface formation was detected by shear wave. et al.

京北云蒙山变质核杂岩南东侧剥离断层带的构造热演化

以云蒙山变质核杂岩东侧的河防口低角度正断层为研究对象，通过矿物（黑云母）的变形特征和形成环境分析，获得了该断层带上的构造热演化环境：温度为780～860℃，压力约为7.3×10^8-8．6×10^8pa。提出云蒙山变质核杂岩的成因机制是，在区域伸展背景下，处于半固结状态的云蒙山花岗岩在东南侧卷入河防口-水峪伸展型韧性剪切带，使花岗岩发生中高温条件的韧性变形；之后，该韧性剪切带在隆升过程中不断向浅层次过渡，形成了一些浅层次的脆性伸展变形构造。