90 resultados para 8-71


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Objective: To investigate the association of complement C4 null genes (C4QO, including C4AQO and C4BQO) and C2 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in southwest Han Chinese; 136 patients with SLE and 174 matched controls were genotyped. Methods: C4 null genes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The 2 bp insertion in exon 29, which was previously identified in non-Chinese populations and caused defective C4A genes, was directly typed by sequencing the whole exon 29 using exon specific primers. The exon 6 of complement C2 was also sequenced in both the patients and controls. Results: The frequency of homozygous C4AQO allele was 12.5% (17/136) in patients with SLE compared with 1.1% (2/174) in controls (p<0.001, odds ratio (OR)=12.286, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.786 to 54.170). There was no significant difference for homozygous C4BQO allele between patients with SLE and controls (p=0.699). Patients with the C4AQO gene had an increased risk of acquiring renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared with those without C4AQO (for renal disorder, p=0.018, OR=8.951, 95% Cl 1.132 to 70.804; for serositis, p=0.011, OR 4.891, 95% CI 1.574 to 15.198; for anti-dsDNA, p=0.004, OR 7.630, 95%Cl 1.636 to 35.584). None of the patients or controls had the 2 bp insertion in exon 29 of the C4 gene. The type I C2 deficiency was not detected in the 3 10 samples. Conclusion: It is suggested that deficiency of C4A (not due to a 2 bp insertion in exon 29), but not C4B or C2, may be a risk factor for acquiring SLE in south west Han Chinese; this results in increased risk of renal disorder, serositis, and anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with SLE. Racial differences seem to be relevant in susceptibility to SLE.

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本论文由2 个相对独立的部分组成: S-DABO 类衍生物体外抗HIV 活性及 其机制研究和AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物体外抗HIV-1 活性及其机制研究。 HIV 逆转录酶抑制剂一直是抗HIV 药物研发的热点。该类抑制剂靶定在病 毒复制周期早期,为HAART 疗法提供了很多新的药物组合。目前FDA 批准上 市的逆转录酶抑制剂虽然有很多,但由于较严重的毒副作用、HIV 病毒易变异、 耐药性的出现等问题还需要开发更多的新的逆转录酶抑制剂。本论文对23 个 S-DABO 类化合物和8 个AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物的体外抗HIV 活性进行检 测,并对其中活性较高的化合物进行靶点和机制研究。 23 个S-DABO 类化合物采用对C8166 细胞的毒性试验,对HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的 合胞体形成的抑制试验和对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护试验进行抗 HIV-1 活性初步筛选。试验结果发现所有化合物均对多种HIV 宿主细胞毒性小, 其中22 个化合物具有抗HIV-1 活性,特别是化合物RZK-4 和RZK-5,其对 HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的合胞体形成的SI 值(Selective index)分别为>16666 和>38462; RZK-4 和RZK-5 对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护的SI 值分别为2666.67 和2150.54,与相应的阳性对照药品NVP(Nevirapine)的SI 值相接近。以p24 抗原水平为指标,对其中20 个化合物的抗HIV-1 活性进行确证,发现这20 个 化合物均能抑制 HIV-1ⅢB p24 抗原的产生,其中RZK-4 和RZK-5 的EC50 值分 别为5.93 和5.74ng/ml,比相应的阳性对照药品NVP(Nevirapine)的EC50 值 要低(27.3ng/ml)。这些化合物对试验株HIV-1MN、临床分离株HIV-1KM018、非 核苷类抑制剂耐药株HIV-1ⅢB A17 也有较好的抑制效果。但这23 个S-DABO 类化合物对HIV-2 病毒株均无抑制作用。通过检测化合物对感染与未感染细胞的 融合的抑制、对HIV-1 逆转录酶和蛋白酶活性的抑制、对慢性感染H9 细胞 (H9/HIV-1ⅢB)中病毒复制的抑制等试验来探讨化合物的抗HIV-1 机制。结果 显示:有20 个化合物对HIV-1 蛋白酶(PR)有抑制作用,其中有17 个化合物 对HIV-1 逆转录酶(RT)有抑制作用;但所有化合物均不能抑制感染与未感染 细胞的融合,也不能抑制慢性感染H9 细胞中病毒的复制。试验结果表明,这 23 个S-DABO 类化合物主要通过抑制HIV-1 逆转录酶来发挥作用,它们是典型 的非核苷类RT 抑制剂。 8 个AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物采用对C8166 细胞的毒性试验,对HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的合胞体形成的抑制试验和对HIV-1ⅢB急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护试验 进行抗HIV-1 活性初步筛选。试验结果发现其中2 个化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 有 较显著的抗HIV-1 活性,其对HIV-1ⅢB诱导的合胞体形成抑制的SI 值分别为 >41667 和>105263;对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护的SI 值分别为 30162 和 6368,与AZT(Zidothymidine)的SI 值相近似。以p24 抗原水平为 指标,对其抗HIV-1活性进行确证,发现化合物SRLZ和SROZ均能抑制HIV-1ⅢB p24 抗原的产生,其EC50 值分别为 0.71 和2.1ng/ml,比相应的阳性对照药品AZT 的EC50 值要低(3.5ng/ml)。化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 对临床分离株HIV-1KM018 也有较好的抑制活性,其EC50 值分别为1.4 和22ng/ml。通过检测化合物对慢 性感染H9 细胞(H9/HIV-1ⅢB)中病毒复制的抑制试验来探讨化合物的抗HIV-1 机制,结果表明化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 均不能抑制慢性感染H9 细胞中病毒的 复制。通过检测化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用来检测其抗菌活性,化合 物SRLZ 和SROZ 对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑制作用,其MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)值分别为14.65 和7.32μg/ml,与其相应的阳性对照药 物的MIC 值相类似。试验结果表明:药物—药物偶连这种化学修饰方法并没有 改变AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物的抗HIV 作用靶点,但也没有较大地影响到其体 外抗病毒活性和抗微生物活性。

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生物遗传物质的多样性从根本上决定了当今地球上生命世界的丰富多 彩。然而生命在漫长的进化历程中如何从最原始的生命形态不断演变,创造 出如此巨大的多样性,是自然留给我们最吸引人的奥秘之一。因此对于分子 进化生物学或进化基因组学的研究者来说,承载生命遗传信息的基因组如何 进化一直以来都是大家关注的一个基本科学命题。本研究主要从两个方面探 讨了基因组中新遗传结构起源的分子机制和进化模式,一方面我们以实验的 方法在黑腹果蝇亚种组中大规模地对新基因进行筛选和鉴定,探讨了果蝇基 因组中新基因起源的分子机制和进化模式;另一方面我们以生物信息学手段 对啮齿类动物大鼠和小鼠进行比较基因组研究,以人和猪的转录序列作为外 群,鉴定了大量啮齿类特有的新外显子,并对这些新外显子的进化特征和产 生机制做了研究。 在果蝇基因组新基因起源与进化的研究工作中,我们综合运用了荧光原 位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH),Southern 印迹 (Southern blotting),表达转录分析,生物信息确认和进化速率分析等技术和分析手段, 通过对黑腹果蝇约7000 个基因在黑腹果蝇亚种组8 个近缘物种中同源拷贝数 分布的筛选,鉴定了17 个年轻的散在重复新基因,并对这些新基因的结构、 表达和进化进行了全面的分析。结果表明,DNA 水平的重组机制产生了大量 的新的与祖先基因结构没有冗余的散在重复基因,它们的基因结构以很高的 频率形成了嵌合结构。这些新散在重复基因形成嵌合基因的机会有可能大大 高于预期。同时,我们提供了有力证据证明,重复序列特别是DNAREP1 转 座子很可能通过了非等位同源重组方式介导了散在重复基因的形成。最后, 运用多种行之有效的分析方法,我们证明绝大部分的这些新的嵌合重复基因 是有功能的。在啮齿类新外显子的起源与进化研究中,我们首先利用有完整序列信息 的人和小鼠的基因组,通过同源比对确定了人和小鼠间12,419 个直系同源的 基因组转录单元,这些基因组转录单元中71,039 个大、小鼠共有且相位定义 清晰的外显子被用作后续的分析。通过与人的基因组序列相比较,并进一步 以猪的转录组序列作为第二外群排除掉可能是在人的基因组中丢失的外显子 后,我们共确定了2,695 个啮齿类特有的新外显子。随后对这些新外显子产 生的机制、进化速率、潜在功能以及与选择性剪接之间的关系进行了讨论。 结果显示多数新外显子来自内含子的非重复序列,存在快速的碱基非同义替 换和插入缺失,功能分布上最多的是参与细胞外结合和蛋白间相互作用,提 示这些新外显子的产生可能与啮齿类与外界环境的适应性进化相关。对这些 新外显子与选择性剪接之间关系所做的分析表明,大多数的新外显子存在于 表达量较低的选择性剪接形式中,这说明这些外显子通常参与形成执行组织 特异功能的表达形式,也从一定程度上解释了这些外显子何以能够摆脱对基 因的功能限制而产生较快的进化速度。 总之,上述对果蝇基因组中新基因和啮齿类基因组中新外显子的起源和 进化的研究结果表明,基因组中通过新基因或新外显子等基因组新材料产生 新功能的进化过程是常见的和重要的遗传机制。

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Four new hasubanane-type alkaloids, periglaucines A-D (1-4), and three known alkaloids, norruffscine (5), (-)-8-oxotetrahydropalmatine (6), and (-)-8-oxocanadine (7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Pericampylus glaucus. Their structures were eluci

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Two new cucurbitacins, endecaphyllacins A (1) and B (2), together with six known analogues (3-8), were isolated from the tubers of Hemsleya endecaphylla. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The relative stereoch

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The 70% EtOH extract of Polygonum cuspidatum showed inhibitory action against HIV-1-induced syncytium formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations in vitro with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 13.94 +/- 3.41 mu g/mL. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, 20 phenolic compounds, including eight stilbenoids, were isolated from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum, and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Results showed that compounds 1, 13, 14, and 16 demonstrated fairly strong antiviral activity against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects in C8166 lymphocytes at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with EC50 values of 4.37 +/- 1.96 mu g/mL, 19.97 +/- 5.09, 14.4 +/- 1.34 mu g/mL, and 11.29 +/- 6.26 mu g/mL and therapeutic index (TI) values of 8.12, > 10.02, > 13.89, and > 17.71, respectively. Other compounds showed either weak or no effects. Compound 6 also showed weak inhibition (153.42 +/- 19.25 mu g/mL); however, it possesses very good water solubility and showed almost no cytotoxicity (> 2000 mu g/mL), therefore achieving a fairly good TI (13.04). The activities of the two compounds (3 and 18) from Polygonum multiflorum were also assayed. The relationship between molecular structures and their bioactivities was also discussed.

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To search for compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, ten 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonates (4a-j) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Some compounds demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity, especially 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-ethylbenzenesulfonate (4g) and 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-chlorobenzenesulfonate (41) showed the more potent anti-HIV-1 activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.59 and 4.01 mu g/ml, and therapeutic index (TI) values of 31.77 and 24.51, respectively.

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本试验以奶水牛为研究对象,探讨卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)操作液中添加不同浓度聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、细胞松弛素(CB)、透明质酸(HA)对早期胚胎发育的影响.旨在探寻一套适合奶水牛ICSI的操作程序,为高效生产奶水牛体外胚胎提供科学依据.结果表明:4%PVP组卵裂率高于6%PVP组和8%PVP组(65.8%vs59.5%、44.4%,P<0.05):4%PVP组囊胚率高于6%PVP组(21.0%vs16.2%,P<0.05)和8%PVP组(21.0%vs8.3%,P<0.01);添加CB组的卵裂率高于未加CB组(73.3%vs68.9%,P>0.05),添加CB组囊胚率高于未加CB组(22.2%vs20.0%,P<0.05);操作液中添加1.5mg/mL HA更有利于胚胎的发育.1.5mg/mL HA组和4%PVP组相比较,操作过程中润滑作用相似,HA组卵裂率略高于PVP组(71.0%vs65.8%,P<0.05);HA组囊胚数略高于PVP组(22.6%vs21.0%,P>0.05).

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报道了云南8种树蛙的染色体组型, 并对目前所已知的树蛙种类的染色体组型进行了比较。

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The reproductive traits of Gymnocypris selincuoensis from Selincuo Lake and its tributaries were investigated in 1997 and 1998. The youngest mature male was age 7 with a standard length (SL) of 172.0 mm, and the youngest mature female was age 8 with a SL of 194.0 mm. The L(50)s Of SL and age at first maturity were respectively 250.32 mm and age 9 for males and 224.71 mm and age 8 for females. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) significantly changed with seasons for mature individuals but not for immature individuals. GSIs of mature females at stages IV and V of ovary development increased with SL and reached a maximum value at the SL range from 370 mm to 390 mm; the GSIs of mature males were negatively correlated with SL. The breeding season lasted from early April to early August. Egg size did not significantly change with SL but increased with the delay of spawning. The individual absolute fecundity varied from 1,341 to 28,002 eggs (mean 12,607+/-7,349), and the individual relative fecundity varied from 6.4 to 42.0 eggs.g(-1) (mean 25.5+/-9.7). The individual fecundity increased with total body weight; it also increased with SL for those of SL less than 370 mm. There was a rest of spawning for mature individuals.

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We analyzed n-mers (n=3-8) in the local environment of 8,249,446 human SNPs and compared their distribution with that in the genome reference sequences. The results revealed that the short sequences, which contained at least one CpG dinucleotide, occurred

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2006年6—7月在新疆伊犁地区对伊犁河干流、三大支流(特克斯河、巩乃斯河和喀什河)、恰甫其海水库、吉林台水库、间歇性水体和小水塘中的浮游动物进行了调查.共鉴定浮游动物134属217种,其中原生动物95属153种,占浮游动物物种数的71%;轮虫27属51种,占23%;枝角类7属8种,占4%;桡足类5属5种,占2%.伊犁河干流、小水塘和间歇性水体浮游动物种类数较多,分别达132、114和92种,吉林台水库种类数最少,仅7种.浮游动物密度和生物量均以恰甫其海水库最高,分别为11391ind.L-1和2.79m

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以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且

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2001年9月对东洞庭湖保护区大型底栖动物进行调查,共记录动物4门8纲20科51种.其中,寡毛类2科18种(35.3%),软体动物8科15种(29.4%),水生昆虫7科14种(27.5%),其他动物4种(9.1%).软体动物是东洞庭湖底栖动物的最主要类群(占总丰度的71.1%).其中,腹足类的长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aerugi- 120sa)、中华沼螺(Parafossarulus sinensis)、纹沼螺(P.striatulus)和寡毛类