聚己内酯/聚乳酸薄膜防治肌腱粘连的实验研究

目的：将聚己内酯／聚乳酸薄膜［ｐｏｌｙ（ε－ｃａｐｒｏｌａｃｔｏｎｅ）／ｐｏｌｙｌａｃｔｉｃ－ａｃｉｄ，ＰＣＬ／ＰＬＡ薄膜］用于肌腱吻合部位，观察其防止肌腱粘连的情况。方法：将兔左后肢比目鱼肌腱做部分游离，横形切断其截面积的一半，再将其吻合。实验组于吻合部位放置厚度为４０～６０μｍ的ＰＣＬ／ＰＬＡ薄膜，对照组只行吻合术。石膏外固定３周。结果：大体观察：肌腱粘连形成的半定量评分结果经ｔ检验，实验组与对照组差异有非常显著性意义。ＰＣＬ／ＰＬＡ薄膜在体内可逐渐降解，２４周时全部降解吸收，局部无不良反应。光镜观察：实验组腱外部可见“假鞘样”结构形成，其纤维组织增生程度较轻，胶原纤维排列规则，表面光滑。而对照组无“假鞘样”结构形成，腱周组织与肌腱外表间有大量的纤维增生，排列紊乱。生物力学测试结果表明，实验组抗粘连阻力作功要明显小于对照组。结论：ＰＣＬ／ＰＬＡ薄膜具有可靠的物理屏障作用，防止肌腱粘连效果良好。

STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL IN PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION WITH A ASYMMETRICALLY SUBSTITUTED TITANOCENE/METHYLALUMINOXANE CATALYST

A new mono-substituted titanocene, (eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl) [eta(5)-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexyl) cyclopentadienyl] dichlorotitanium (I), has been prepared via a novel modified synthesis, and its X-ray crystal structure has been determined. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell constants a=0.968 0(5) nm, b=1.284 6(5) nm, c=1.694 4(6) nm, Z=4, R=0.066. The I/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst system produces at different polymerization temperatures either an isotactic or a syndiotactic polypropylene, both of which have the combined influence of enantiomorphic-site control and chain-end control, or an atactic polypropylene controlled by Bernoullian propagation mechanism.

APPLICATIONS OF RAPID SCAN SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY - DETERMINATION OF HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON-TRANSFER RATE-CONSTANT OF BILIVERDIN OXIDATION

The rapid scan spectrometer was used to determine the heterogeneous electron transfer rate parameters for the oxidation of Biliverdin in DMF by single potential step thin layer spectroelectrochemical techniques and yielded an average formal heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant K(s, h)0' = 2.45 (+/-0.12) x 10(-4) cm s-1, electrochemical transfer coefficient alpha = 0.694+/-0.008. The oxidation process of Biliverdin was also studied and the formal potential E0 = 0.637 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was obtained.

SURFACE TENSION AND DENSITY OF NaCl-NaF-RE2O8 MELTS

Surface tension and density of NaCl-NaF-RE2O, melts have been measured by means of maximum buble pressure and Archimedes methods. The results are expressed by two mathematic models. Mass fraction of RE2O5 in the melts from 0.0 to 0.6% and that of NaF/NaCl, 50-90%. This investigation shows that there might be com plexes in the melts. The information obtained can be used as a reference in the preparation of Al-RE alloys.

NaCl-NaF-RE_2O_3体系的表面张力和密度

以NaCl-NaF体系为还原介质,以RE_2O_3,REOCl,或RE_2(CO_3)_3为原料,以铝为还原剂,在铝熔融过程中直接制备Al-RE应用合金已获得了应用.结果表明,这一方法使用简单,操作方便,不需额外设备,容易为工厂采用.本工作是为这一工艺开展的基础研究工作. 资料对LaCl_3-碱金属氯化物,碱土金属氯化物的表面张力和密度进行了专门总结,对NaCl-NaF-RE_2O_3体系未见报导。

The construction of a cDNA library enriched for immune genes and the analysis of 7535 ESTs from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is one of the most important aquaculture crustacean species in China. A cDNA library was constructed from hemocytes of E. sinensis challenged with the mixture of Listonella anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureus, and randomly sequenced to collect genomic information and identify genes involved in immune defense response. Single-pass 5' sequencing of 10368 clones yielded 7535 high quality ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) and these ESTs were assembled into 2943 unigenes. BLAST analysis revealed that 1706 unigenes (58.0% of the total) or 4593 ESTs (61.0% of the total) were novel genes that had no significant matches to any protein sequences in the public databases. The rest 1237 unigenes; (42.0% of the total) were closely matched to the known genes or sequences deposited in public databases, which could be classed into 20 or 23 classifications according to "molecular function" or "biological process" respectively based on the Gene Ontology (GO). And 221 unigenes (7.5% of all 2943 unigenes, 17.9% of matched unigenes) or 969 ESTs (12.9% of all 7535 ESTs, 32.9% of matched ESTs) were identified to be immune genes. The relative higher proportion of immune-related genes in the present cDNA library than that in the normal library of E. sinensis and other crustaceans libraries, and the differences and changes in percentage and quantity of some key immune-related genes especially the immune inducible genes between two E. sinensis cDNA libraries may derive from the bacteria challenge to the Chinese mitten crab. The results provided a well-characterized EST resource for the genomics community, gene discovery especially for the identification of host-defense genes and pathways in crabs as well as other crustaceans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

海上低空大气波导的遥感反演及数值模拟研究

由于电磁波传播技术的广泛应用，大气环境成为电磁波传播研究的一个重要领域，尤其是天气变化多端的对流层。对流层大气波导是对流层大气的一种异常结构。大气波导可以使通信电路的相互干扰问题变得复杂，既可能干扰其他系统,又可能形成另外的系统，可以使探测系统产生超视距探测、雷达盲区等反常传播问题。然而通信系统或雷达探测系统遭受大气波导影响的时机具有很大的偶然性，它完全取决于对流层大气的特点。假如能够掌握大气波导的变化规律，准确而及时地预测、预报其出现的时间和地域，结合频率、射线波束、天线仰角和发生功率的选择，就能更好地发挥探测及通信设备的作用。因此，根据实际大气环境，分析、预测和预报大气波导，对于评估大气环境对电磁波传播和探测系统性能具有重要的理论意义和实际价值，尤其是在军事领域。然而在海洋大气环境中，特别是在广阔的海洋上，传统的海洋测量手段，如浮标、船只，获取的海洋水文数据稀少，探空数据更少，无法满足现代海洋大气环境监测所需的大范围观测信息，即使获取数据也很难保证数据点时间和空间的有效性；同时海洋大气边界层日变化缓慢，发生的大气波导持续时间长，比较稳定，对于海上舰船通讯等急需开展大气波导环境区域研究。我国是海洋大国，海岸线狭长，更需要开展沿海区域及近海对流层大气波导研究，特别是边界层内低空大气波导环境预测、预报研究。 目前国内大气波导的研究大多数情况下只注重单站波导发生情况，其代表的时空有效性是有限的，而在实际应用中，人们更加关注波导存在区域，因为波导区域决定了电磁波传输范围。本文针对我国近海区域大气波导不同的形成机理和类型，分别进行了研究。对于蒸发波导，本文利用卫星遥感获取海水表面温度、海面风场、气温、相对湿度等资料，建立卫星遥感资料与蒸发波导高度之间的诊断模式，研究大气波导反演算法和预测模型，首次分析了蒸发波导高度的空间不均匀性。对于低空表面波导和悬空波导，利用中尺度数值模式MM5对大气波导进行了系统的研究，填补了国内中尺度大气波导数值模拟研究的空白，同时选取典型的天气过程，进行了中尺度数值模拟个例研究，分析了大气波导形成机理。 本文主要工作如下： 一、结合P-J模式，利用AMSR-E卫星数据用两种神经网络方法反演了热带海域的蒸发波导高度，并进行了比较，两种方法得到的与浮标实测参数计算得到的蒸发波导高度之间的相关系数相当，都为0.82左右，均方根差后者比前者小，分别为2.64米和1.89米。神经网络直接反演蒸发波导高度方法要优于间接反演蒸发波导高度的方法。利用AMSR-E卫星数据直接反演了南海海域的蒸发波导高度，可以清楚看出蒸发波导高度的空间分布的不均匀性，为研究蒸发波导的环境特性奠定基础。 二、以2005年6月2日出现在黄海海域的大气波导为例，设计了三种数值试验，利用MM5模式对大气波导进行了24h数值模拟研究，包括是否加入常规探空资料进行格点分析同化，垂直分层的多寡，粗、细网格模拟比较分析。通过研究得到了以下结论：（1）利用常规资料进行格点同化对海上大气波导影响较小，对陆地影响较大；（2）垂直分层对大气波导特征参数影响明显，层数较多描述大气波导比较合适；（3）对于海上大气波导，细网格刻画大气波导特征参数比较细致，但粗网格的模拟已经足够进行大气波导分析。 三、以NCEP再分析资料为背景场,利用MM5模式，对2005年6月2日至4日出现在黄海海域的大气波导和2008年5月10日12时到11日12时由‘威玛逊’台风引起的大气波导分别进行了数值模拟研究。通过研究发现：模拟的修正折射率廓线与探空数据得到的廓线基本吻合，但是模拟的较强波导强度和高度普遍比实测的要小得多；同时给出了大气波导参数的演变过程，分析了两次大气波导形成的天气过程，说明了模拟的大气波导区域是可靠的和可信的； MM5模式能够模拟出特定天气条件下低空较强大气波导三维空间变化过程，可以为定量地描述大气波导特征提供理论和试验依据。

Bromophenols coupled with derivatives of amino acids and nucleosides from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides

Three new bromophenols coupled with pyroglutamic acid derivatives and one bromophenol coupled with deoxyguanosine were obtained from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. By spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis their structures were elucidated as N-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)methyl pyroglutamate (1), N-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)pyroglutamic acid (2), N-[3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydroxybenzyllmethyl pyroglutamate (3), and 2-N-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylamino)deoxyguanosine (4), respectively. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated against several microorganisms and human cancer cell lines, but found inactive. To our knowledge this is the first report of bromophenols coupled with amino acid or nucleoside derivatives through the C-N bond.

The influence of molecular weight of quaternized chitosan on antifungal activity

Quaternized chitosan derivatives with different molecular weights were synthesized in the laboratory. Subsequent experiments were conducted to test their antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea Pers. (B. cinerea pers.) and Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass) Ell.et halst (C. lagenarium (Pass) EII.et halst). Our results indicate that quaternized chitosan derivatives have stronger antifungal activities than chitosan. Furthermore, quaternized chitosan derivatives with high molecular weight are shown to have even stronger antifungal activities than those with low molecular weight. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Studies on two coordination polymers [M(mu(4)-pz25dc)](n) (M = Cd or Zn, pz25dc=pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylato) with three-dimensional pillared-layer three-nodal framework: Synthesis, structural characterization, strong optical non-linearities and optical limiting properties

Two isomorphous new candidates [M(mu(4)-pz25dc)](n) (M = Cd, 1; Zn, 2; pz25dc = pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylato)for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized crystallographically as pillared-layer three-nodal frameworks with one four-connected metal nodes and two crystallographically different four-connected ligand nodes. Their optical non-linearities are measured by the Z-Scan technique with an 8 ns pulsed laser at 532 nm. These two coordination polymers both exhibit strong NLO absorptive abilities [alpha(2) = (63 +/- 6) x 10 (12) mW (1) 1, ( 46 +/- 6) x 10 (11) mW (1) 2] and effective self-focusing performance [n(2) = (67 +/- 5) x 10 (18) 1, (13 +/- 3) x 10 (18) m(2) W (1) 2] in 1.02 x 10 (4) 1 and 1.05 x 10 (4) mol dm (3) 2 DMF solution separately. The values of the limiting threshold are also measured from the optical limiting experimental data. The heavy atom effect plays important role in the enhancement of optical non-linearities and optical limiting properties. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

青海湖鸬鹚繁殖成功率初报

2000年3～8月对青海湖西山鸬鹚岛鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax carbo）不同繁殖阶段的成功率做了初步观察。鸬鹚卵的窝卵数为3.47枚，孵化率为37.9%，雏鸟成活率为 61.1%，繁殖成功率为23.2%。孵化期的前3d，鸬鹚巢的损失率高达36.1%；育雏期前10d雏鸟损失率为25%。这些数据可看作鸬鹚种群-青海湖湿地生态系统的一个重要组分——动态监测的起始数据之一，可在未来进一步的比较分析中得到应用。

临沧锗矿床的稀土元素地球化学研究

通过对临沧锗矿床中基底花岗岩、矿化煤以及硅质岩的稀土元素地球化学研究认为盆地基底花岗提供了形成锗矿化的锗和形成硅质岩的硅；本区陆相热水成因硅质岩的Ce异常不明显，相对富集LREE；矿化煤相对富集HREE，这可能主要与矿化煤在含锗热液的相互作用过程中，煤对重烯土的优先富集有关。

汞矿化带土壤/大气界面汞交换通量研究

大气在汞的全球生物地球化学循环演化中占有重要的地位，而正确认识大气中汞的来源是准确理解和建立汞的生物地球化学循环模型的关键。大气汞的来源分为人为源和自然源。汞矿化带内土壤汞含量高于背景区几个数量级，是大气汞的重要自然释放源。 论文选取贵州省红枫湖地区作为对照区，滥木厂汞矿区，万山汞矿区和务川汞矿区为研究区，采用目前国际上广泛应用的大气自动测汞仪与动力学通量箱联用技术，对土壤/大气界面汞交换通量特征及机理进行了详细的研究。主要得到以下结论： (1)高汞区大气汞含量与土壤释汞通量高于对照区1 ~ 3个数量级，汞矿化带土壤是区域上重要的大气汞源； (2)土壤与大气界面间的汞交换是双向的，既有土壤汞向大气的释放，也有大气汞向土壤表面的干沉降； (3)在对照区和受人为因素影响较小的地区，土壤释汞通量具有显著的日变化和季节性变化规律，主要表现为白天高于夜间，暖季高于冷季；在人为污染较严重的地区或采样点，土壤与大气界面汞交换无明显变化规律，且表现出强烈的大气汞沉降； (4)影响土壤/大气界面汞交换的因素有土壤总汞含量、光照强度、降雨、土壤湿度、大气汞含量和植被覆盖情况等； (5)利用土壤释汞通量与光照强度之间的线性相关关系，建立了土壤释汞通量和光照强度的比值与土壤汞含量之间的对数相关关系，见下式： Ln (F/S) = (-1.155 ± 0.191) + (0.508 ± 0.036) LnC, r = 0.95, p < 0.0001 其中F为日平均土壤释汞通量，单位为ng m-2 h-1；S为日平均光照强度，单位为W m-2；C为各对应采样点土壤总汞含量，单位为mg kg-1。 滥木厂汞矿区土壤年平均释汞通量约为476 ng m-2 h-1 (326 ~ 694 ng m-2 h-1)；贵阳市土壤年平均释汞通量为15 ng m-2 h-1 (13 ~ 17 ng m-2 h-1)，高于模型预测值(1.1 ng m-2 h-1)1 ~ 2个数量级，这表明前期研究可能低估了汞矿化带土壤向大气的排汞通量。