96 resultados para 641.3374


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水、肥是提高旱地农业生产力的关键,也是制约该类型区农业发展的主要因素,能否充分发挥水肥的增产效应对我国粮食安全与农业可持续发展具有重要意义.本文介绍了灌溉试验、旱棚试验与长期定位试验等几种水肥效应常用研究方法的设计原理及不足;并在总结旱农地区水肥协同效应定性与定量研究的基础上,对旱地农业水肥相互作用机理和交互作用模型进行了系统论述,指出适宜的水、肥条件对作物生长与产量形成具有明显的正交互作用,但因研究方法与试验地自然条件的不同而存在明显差异.结合农业生态系统特点对未来旱地农业水、肥效应的研究方向进行了展望.

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<正> 作为海岸带综合研究和管理方面的新的科学杂志Journal of Coastal Conservation强调过去和未来社会经济发展中的自然资源及其持续利用。该杂志是欧洲海岸带保护同盟的正式科学刊物,除刊载欧洲海岸带开发利用中的问题外,也着眼于全球各地的海岸带研究。正象要完全了解海岸带系统的过程和格局所要求的,该杂志覆盖了自然科学和人文科学,尤其是地貌学、自然地理学、水文学、土壤科学、动植物生态学、植被科学、景观生态学、游憩学研究、城市生态、海岸

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根据对宁南山区典型地区农民收入和农业结构现状的调查,发现该地区农业结构调整过程中还存在以下问题:过度退耕,造成农业用地急剧减少;农业自身抵御自然风险能力极弱,干旱年份常常颗粒无收;贫困人口还占有相当大的比例;农业结构不够合理。针对性地提出农业结构调整可行性措施,实现宁夏农村地区经济、社会、环境的和谐发展。

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土壤团粒、水稳性团粒和微团粒状况是影响土壤结构和性质的重要因素。运用分形理论研究黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域7种不同土地利用方式土壤团粒结构的分形特征。结果表明:表层土壤团粒的分形维数在1.641~2.114之间,其大小顺序为人工草地>果园>坡耕地>乔木林地>灌丛>天然草地>人工梯田。土壤水稳性团粒的分形维数在1.774~2.384之间,其变化顺序为果园>乔木林地>人工草地>坡耕地>天然草地>人工梯田>灌丛,二者均表现出≥0.25 mm粒级土壤团粒含量越低,分形维数越高的规律;分形维数与≥5 mm、5~2 mm和≥0.25 mm粒级的土壤团粒、水稳性团粒呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与<0.25 mm粒级的呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);结合团粒结构体破坏率可知,灌丛土壤结构与稳定性最好,其次为天然草地,人工草地最差;表层土壤微团粒结构分形维数在2.360~2.487之间,大小顺序为天然草地>乔木林地>坡耕地>人工梯田>人工草地>果园>灌丛,灌丛有助于促进土壤微结构形成,分形维数与0.25~0.05 mm和>0.001 mm粒级土壤微团粒含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与<0.001 mm粒级土壤微团粒含量呈极...

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随着竞争日益复杂化,企业之间纷纷从对立型竞争转向合作型竞争,并由此对企业的空间行为、空间结构及区域经济发展产生了重要影响。相对于在实践中不断推进的企业合作活动,这方面的理论研究落后很多,特别是有关企业合作与区域经济发展关系方面的研究更少。企业合作可以分为研发合作、生产合作、营销合作、资金合作等不同模式,他们对于区域经济发展有如一柄双刃剑,既可以加快区域生产要素的流动,通过蛙跳效应、涓滴效应、网络化效应等加快落后地区的发展,也可造成落后地区在合作过程中对发达地区的过度依赖,并承接来自发达地区的污染转移,影响落后地区的可持续发展和产业升级。

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Electrochemical measurement of respiratory chain activity is a rapid and reliable screening for the toxicity on microorganisms. Here, we investigated in-vitro effects of toxin on Escherichia coli (E. coli) that was taken as a model microorganism incubated with ferricyanide. The current signal of ferrocyanide effectively amplified by ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA), which was proven to be directly related to the toxicity. Accordingly, a direct toxicity assessment (DTA) based on chronoamperometry was proposed to detect the effect of toxic chemicals on microorganisms. The electrochemical responses to 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) under the incubation times revealed that the toxicity reached a stable level at 60 min, and its 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was estimated to be 8.0 mg L-1. At 60 min incubation, the IC50 values for KCN and As2O3 in water samples were 4.9 mg L-1 and 18.3 mg L-1, respectively. But the heavy metal ions, such as Cu2+ Pb2+ and Ni2+, showed no obvious toxicity on E. coli.

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稀土元素具有特殊的电子构型,使其在许多领域得到十分广泛的应用。稀土纳米化将有助于发现新性质、开拓新材料,因此,稀土纳米材料已经成为研究的热点。综述了各种形态稀土纳米材料的制备和性质、稀土纳米材料的复合与组装等方面的进展。

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采用溶胶 凝胶法用不同纯度的Tb4O7在非还原气氛下合成了Tb3Al5O12,并研究了最佳合成条件、电子能谱以及发光性质。结果表明:Tb3Al5O12最佳合成时间应不超过3h,最佳合成温度不超过900℃,提高Tb4O7的纯度,Tb3Al5O12中Tb3+的发光明显增强。

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A new class of polyoxomelalate (POM)-modified electrodes is fabricated by the sol-gel technique and demonstrated for nitrite sensing. The electrode material comprises an interconnected dispersion of graphite powder and a uniform dispersion of isopolymolybdic anions (Mo8O26) in a porous methylsilicate matrix. The chemically modified electrodes showed well-defined cyclic voltammograms with three reversible redox couples in acidic aqueous solutions because of the good physicochemical compatibility of Mo8O26 and the carbon ceramic matrix. The Mo8O26-modified electrodes show good stability and reproducibility, especially the renewal repeatability by simple polishing in the event of surface fouling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Stretching a stacked sPP lamellar morphology at room temperature leads to a mechanical induced transformation from the (t(2)g(2))(2) (helical) into the (tttt) (zigzag) chain conformation of the polymer. The so prepared samples exhibit after annealing above 80 degreesC a thermal induced retransformation into the cell I and cell III crystal structure of the helical chain conformation. The mechanical induced chain conformational transformation as well as the thermal induced retransformation was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.