炼厂废水的回用及发展趋势

回顾当前炼厂废水的国内外回用现状并论述了废水的基本回用方式。根据废水特性和回用水质要求 ,分析了废水回用在技术和经济上的可行性 ,并结合我国炼厂废水处理的特点和工艺装置的用水、排水情况 ,给出了适合炼厂废水各种回用途径的具体建议 ,同时也预测了我国炼厂废水回用的发展趋势。

我国西南主要干旱河谷生态及其研究进展

在广泛查阅前人工作的基础上,发现到目前为止,对干旱河谷生态方面的研究主要集中在成土特征和土壤养分水分分布特征、植被状况及生态恢复上。认为干旱河谷生态研究的进一步工作应该注重人为因素的研究,对干旱河谷区人口与生态环境间不协调的方面进行干预,以实现该区域人口与生态环境的良性互动;加强景观生态学研究和多尺度集成,利用景观生态学原理、方法来探讨干旱河谷景观结构和功能的相应变化,寻求维持区域生态安全的关键机制。

Pressure effects on thermodynamics of phase behavior in polystyrene/methylcyclohexane solutions

The calculations presented in this paper are based on the Sanchez-Lacombe (SL) lattice fluid theory. The interaction energy parameter, g*(12)/k, required in this approach was obtained by fitting the cloud points of polystyrene (PS) /methyleyclohexane (MCH) polymer solutions under pressure. The SL lattice fluid theory was used to calculate the spinodals, the binodals, and the Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter of the solutions. The calculated results show that the SL lattice fluid theory can describe the dependences of thermodynamics of PS/MCH solutions on temperature and pressure very well. However, the calculated enthalpy and the excess volume changes indicate that the Clausius-Clapeyron equation cannot be suitable to describe pressure effect on PS/MCH solutions. Further analysis on the thermodynamics of this system under pressure shows that the role of entropy is more important than the excess volume in the present case.

Synthesis and characterization of novel bipolar PPV-based copolymer containing triazole and carbazole units

Two new blue light-emitting PPV-based conjugated copolymers containing both an electron-withdrawing unit (triazole-TAZ) and electron-rich moieties (carbazole-CAR and bicarbazole-BCAR) were prepared by Wittig condensation polymerization between the triazole diphosphonium salt and the corresponding dialdehyde monomers. Their structures and properties were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis, PL spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The resulting copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable with a T-g of 147degreesC for TAZ-CAR-PPV and of 157degreesC for TAZ-BCAR-PPV. The maximum photoluminescence wavelengths of TAZ-CAR-PPV and TAZ-BCAR-PPV film appear at 460 nm and 480 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry measurement demonstrates that TAZ-BCAR-PPV has good electrochemical reversibility, while TAZ-CAR-PPV exhibits the irreversible redox process. The triazole unit was found to be an effective pi-conjugation interrupter and can play the rigid spacer role in determining the emission colour of the resulting copolymer.

Determination of rare earth elements in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the determiantion of rare earth elements in biological sampels by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. Oxide ion yield of the rare earth elements (RFE) decreased with the increasing of RF power and the sampling depth, or with the decreasing of carrier gas flow rate. The spectral interference arising from (PrO)-Pr-141-O-16 on Gd-157 must be corrected. if the concentration of Ba was high enough, it was necessary to correct the spectral interference arising from (BO)-B-135-O-16 on Eu-151, and it was not necessary to correct spectral interference arising from (NdO)-Nd-143-O-16 on Tb-159 etc. in the biological samples under the selected operation parameters. In the biological sample, the major matrix elements, such as K, Na and Ca, result in the suppression of REEs signals and the suppression degree of the Ca is grezter than that of the K and Na. The mussel sample was digested by thd dry ashing, wet digestion with HNO3 + H2O2 and HNO3 + HClO4, respectively. The analytical results of REEs were consistent with each other. Detection limits for REEs are 0.001 similar to 0.013 mu g/L. Recoveries of standard addition are 91.7% similar to 125%. REEs in biological samples were determined directly without separation and preconcentration procedure.

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物样品中稀土元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了生物样品中的稀土元素.稀土元素的氧化物离子产率随入射功率和采样深度增加,载气流速减小而降低.在选择的测量条件下,~(141)Pr~(16)O对~(157)Gd的测定可产生严重干扰,必须校正,当样品中钡含量较高时,应考虑校正~(135)Ba对~(151)Eu的干扰.生物样品的主要基体元素K、Na和Ca在浓度较高时,对稀土元素的信号强度均表现出抑制效应,且Ca的抑制程度大于K和Na.比较了干灰化、HNO_3+H_2O_2和HNO_3+HClO_4 3种样品消解方法,结果表明,3种消解方法可得到一致的结果.稀土元素的检出限为0.001～0.013μg/L,标准加入回收率为91.7%～125%,不经分离富集可直接测定生物样品中的超痕量稀土元素.

[Ni(C10H8N2)(3)](2)[V4O12].11H(2)O

The crystal structure of the title compound, bis[tris(2,2'-bipyridyl-N,N')nickel(II)] cyclo-tetravanadate undecahydrate, contains a centrosymmetric [V4O12](4-) anion, which has an eight-membered ring structure formed by four VO4 tetrahedra sharing vertices, and two complex cations containing octahedrally-coordinated Ni-II ions. The anion and coordinated Ni-II ions are isolated and make up anion and cation layers, respectively. The Ni-N distances range from 2.077(3) to 2.112(2)Angstrom and the V-O distances range from 1.621(2) to 1.803(2)Angstrom.

The synthesis and thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior of the novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing chloro-side group

The novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing chloro-side group were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4,4'-biphenol and chlorohydroquinone with either 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone(BP/CH/DF) or 1,4-bis(p-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (BP/CH/BF) and their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were characterized by a variety of experimental techniques. The thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior was observed in the copolymers containing 50 and 70% biphenol. Melting transition (Tm) and isotropization transition (Ti) both appeared in the DSC thermograms. A banded texture was formed after shearing the sample in the liquid crystalline state. The novel poly(aryl ether ketone)s had relatively higher glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of 168 similar to 200 degrees C and lower melting temperature (Tm) in the range of 290 similar to 340 degrees C. The thermal stability (Td) was in the range of 430 similar to 490 degrees C.

柠檬酸盐法合成γ-LiAlO_2超微粉

以ＬｉＮＯ３，Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３·９Ｈ２Ｏ和柠檬酸为原料合成γＬｉＡｌＯ３超微粉。对合成的材料进行了ＴＧ，ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ等表征。结果表明，焙烧温度在５５０℃以上试样基本恒重，５６２℃有一相变峰，生成纯相γＬｉＡｌＯ２超微粉。６００和９００℃焙烧试验表明，粒径在４０～７０ｎｍ范围内随温度的升高而增大。经６５０℃焙烧１，２４和１４８ｈ，产物γＬｉＡｌＯ２超微粉无相变，粒径几乎没有变化，保持在４０～５０ｎｍ范围。

The exciplex as an intermediate for photocycloaddition of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino styrene

The appearence of the new fluorescence peak at about 570 nm demonstrates exciplex formation between the singlet states of 9-vinyl anthracene and p-N, N-dimethylamino stytene. With increasing the polarity of solvents t the red-shift of the emission wavelength occurs and the fluorescence quantum yield of the exciplex decreases. For example t the fluorescence peak is at 550 nm in totuene and at 595 nm in butanone. The fluorescence quatum yields in totuene and in butanone are 0.053 and O respectively. Both the relative yield of the photocycloaddition dimer and the ratio of the relative yields of the trans and cis dimers decrease with increasing the polarity of solvents. For example, the relative yields of the dimer are 1.0 in totuene and 0.04 in butanone respectively. The ratio of the relative yields of traits and cis dimers are 0.54 and 0 in totuene and butanones t respectively. In addition, the exciplex intermediate mechanism was suggested for the photocycloaddition between 9-vinyl anthracene and 9-N, N-dimethylamino styrene.

以激基缔合物为中间体的对－N，N－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成反应

研究了对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯生成的激基缔合物在不同极性溶剂中的荧光特性，发现其荧光发射波长随溶剂的极性增大向长波方向移动，且发现激基缔合物荧光量子产率的大小决定对－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨苯乙烯和蒽乙烯的光环加成产物的产率。其中反式产物的相对产率随溶液极性增大而降低，并进一步探讨了此光环加成反应的机理。

硅钨酸在膨润土上的固载化

具有Keggin结构的杂多酸作为一种新型多功能催化剂,在均相对许多反应都表现出优异的催化活性.近年来杂多酸正逐步在多个反应过程中实现工业应用.将杂多酸固载化以实现均相反应的多相化,因具有更大的实用性更令人瞩目.本文报道的是以经过化学处理的膨润土为载体,研究硅钨酸的固载化问题.

A potent anti-oxidant property: fluorescent recombinant alpha-phycocyanin of Spirulina

To express and product a fluorescent antioxidant holo-alpha-phycocyanin (PC) of Spirulina platensis (Sp) with His-tag (rHHPC; recombinant holo-alpha-phycocyaninof Spirulina platensis with His-tag) in 5-l bench scale. A vector harbouring two cassettes was constructed: cpcA along with cpcE-cpcF in one cassette; ho1-pcyA in the other cassette. Lyases CpcE/F of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (S6) could catalyse the 82 site Cys in apo-alpha-PC of Sp linking with bilin chromophores, and rHHPC was biosynthesized in Escherichia coli BL21. The constant feeding mode was adopted, and transformant reached the biomass of rHHPC up to 0.55 g l(-1) broth in 5-litre bench scale. rHHPC was purified by Ni2+ affinity column conveniently. The absorbance and the fluorescence emission spectra of rHHPC had lambda(max) at 621 and 650 nm, respectively. The IC50 values of rHHPC were 277.5 +/- 25.8 mu g ml(-1) against hydroxyl radicals and 20.8 +/- 2.2 mu g ml(-1) against peroxyl radicals. Combinational biosynthesis of rHHPC was feasible, and the constant feeding mode was adopted to produce good yields of rHHPC. Fluorescent rHHPC with several unique qualitative and quantitative features was effective on scavenging hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. A potent antioxidant rHHPC was co-expressed, produced and characterized for nutritional and pharmacological values, which would help to develop phycobiliproteins' applications in their fluorescent and biological activities.

Purification and partial characterization of Mn superoxide dismutase from muscle tissue of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense

Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress from superoxide radicals in living cells. This enzyme had been isolated, purified and partially characterized from muscle tissue of the shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. The purification was achieved by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionated precipitation and column chromatograph on DEAE-cellulose 32. Some physiological and biochemical characterization of it was tested. The molecular weight of it was about 21.7 kDa, as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme had an absorption peak of 278 nm in ultraviolet region, and the enzyme remained stable at 25-45 degreesC within 90 min. However, it was rapidly inactivated at higher temperature. Treatment of the enzyme with 1 mM ZnCl2, SDS and 1 mM or 10 mM mercaptoethanol showed some increasing activity. However, the enzyme activity was obviously inhibited by 10 mM CaCl2, CuSO4, ZnCl2 and 1 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM K2Cr2O7. SOD activity did not show significantly variation after incubated with 1 mM CaCl2, EDTA and 10 MM SDS. The enzyme was insensitive to cyanide and contained 1.03 +/- 0.14 atoms of manganese per subunit shown in atomic absorption spectroscopy, which revealed that purified SOD was Mn superoxide dismutase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.