长期施肥对黄土旱塬区土壤—植物系统中氮、磷养分的影响

对1984年建立的长期试验田,分析了2005年小麦产量、养分吸收及土壤养分变化。结果表明,单施磷肥增产25.6%,单施氮肥增产48.1%,其吸氮、磷量也相应增加,但收获指数显著低于对照;氮磷配施增产幅度为101.3%3~02.8%,养分吸收量增加显著,最佳施肥量为N2P2(N 90 kg/hm2、P 56.4 kg/hm2)。施肥明显改变了耕层土壤养分的含量,也影响了养分在土壤剖面的分布。氮磷配施是培肥土壤的有效途径,耕层土壤全磷增加了8.3%~45.2%,速效磷增加54.8%9~17.8%。中等施氮(N 90 kg/hm2)水平下,随着磷的增加,耕层土壤全磷累积和施磷量的关系为y=0.002x-0.112。速效磷含量增加和磷肥用量的关系为y=9.6537Ln(x)-35.371,施肥对60 cm以下磷素影响较小。

黄土高原林草水土保持有效盖度分析

根据黄土高原绥德、延安、安塞和离石等地林、草地径流小区降雨侵蚀资料，对不同降雨和坡度下林、草地水土保持有效盖度进行了分析，建立了林地、草地水土保持临界有效益度与降雨及坡度的关系式。在土壤和植被类型相对稳定的条件下，林、草地的有效益度随着降雨和坡度的增大而增大，当临界有效益度达到一定程度时，降雨和坡度的影响减弱；在其它条件相同时，同一水土保持作用所要求的有效盖度草地比林地大。并结合降雨频率分析，得出了林、草措施抵抗不同年遇暴雨时的临界有效盖度。

清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤PAHs污染的作用

为评价清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的作用,提供土壤PAHs污染的工程治理理论依据,以沈抚污水灌区为研究对象,采集连续清水灌溉0,3,10和30年的污染稻田0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层的土壤样本,测定PAHs各组分含量,分析清水灌溉对消除稻田土壤PAHs总量及某些单一组分的效果。当前沈抚污水灌区稻田土壤PAHs总量在表层为612.3～6362.8μg/kg.干土,在亚表层为319.5～4318.5μg/kg.干土。随着清水灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量和16种PAHs单一组分含量均不同程度逐渐降低。清水灌溉10年后,土壤PAHs总量接近或低于土壤PAHs环境标准;单一PAHs组分仅菲含量依然高出环境标准。清水灌溉措施可有效消除由污水灌溉所造成的土壤PAHs污染,特别是高环PAHs污染,但是其作用周期需要10年左右或更长的时间。

沈阳城市森林三维绿量模拟及其影响因子

为探求便捷有效的小面积城市森林三维绿量的测算方法,根据林木生长的分形原理,采用逐步回归方法获取了沈阳城市森林三维绿量的13个模拟方程,并对其影响因素进行分析.结果表明:13个模拟方程的决定系数(R2)在0.612~0.842,残差分析没有呈现明显图样,模型精度均在87%(α=0.05)和83%(α=0.01)以上,其中最便捷的模拟方程是ln■=7.468+0.926 lnx1[■为模拟三维绿量,x1为每公顷胸高断面积(SDB)].模拟方程的标准回归系数与16个树木特征间的相关关系显示,影响沈阳城市森林三维绿量的最主要因素是每公顷胸高断面积(SDB).

中国省际煤炭资源流动的时空演变及驱动力

根据1957-2005年中国各省区煤炭调出和调入数据,运用SPSS和GIS方法,首先对"一五"～"十五"各省区的煤炭流动地域类型进行了判别,然后在省域尺度研究了煤炭资源区域流动的时空过程,最后探讨了煤炭资源流动时空演变的驱动力。"一五"～"十五"中国省际间煤炭流动演变特征有:中国省际间煤炭资源流动规模逐年增大,省际间煤炭调出总量年均增长5.9%,煤炭调入总量年均增长5.6%。流动范围逐年扩展,无流地由1957年的10个省区缩小至近年的1个左右。流场呈集中输流、分散汇流的特征,调出省区个数<调入省区个数,调

Synthesis and fluorescent property of NH4Y1.9Eu0.1F7 nanoparticles with the temperature effect on the morphology

Sphere NH4Y1.9Eu0.1F7 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 180 degrees C for 10 h. SEM and TEM images show the particles are spheres and have lots of hollows in them. The mean particle size is about 60 nm. The shape and size of the particles can be controlled by changing temperature and time of reactants. The luminescent property of the sample indicates that strong emission peaks of the Eu3+ ions are located at about 589 and 612 mm.

Luminescence properties of Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors prepared by spray pyrolysis process

Starting from metal nitrate aqueous solutions and H3BO3, Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors were synthesized by spray pyrolysis followed by annealing at high temperature. The obtained phosphor particles have spherical morphology with size in the range 0.5-2 mu m. Independent of the x values in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors, the Eu3+ ion shows its characteristic D-5(0), (1)-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions with D-5(0)-F-7(2) red emission (612 nm) as the most prominent group. The photoluminescence intensity of phosphors increases with the increase of x value in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) due to an energy migration process like Gd3+-(Gd3+)(n)-Eu3+ that occurred in the host materials.

Preparation of KMgF3 and Eu-doped KMgF3 nanocrystals in water-in-oil microemulsions

In this study, KMgF3:Eu2+ luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared in water/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/2-octanol microemulsions. The KMgF3:Eu2+ NCs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), fluorescence spectrum, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and elementary analysis. The results showed that the size of the KMgF3:Eu2+ NCs was hardly affected by water content and surfactant (CTAB) concentration. The emission spectrum showed that the position of the 362 nm peak is due to the K+ sites substituted Eu2+. Two emission peaks located at 589 and 612 nm can be attributed to Eu3+, which exist at two different types of Eu3+ centers: one is Eu3+ at a K+ site, the other is clustering of Eu3+ ions in the interstices of KMgF3 host lattice.

Improved efficiency by doping blue iridium (III) complex in europium complex-based light-emitting diodes

We demonstrated high-efficiency red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing a europium complex, Eu (III) tris( thenoyltrifluoroacetone) 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Eu(TTA)(3)(Tmphen)), as an emitter and a blue electrophosphorescent complex, Iridium ( III) bis[4,6-di-fluorophenyl-pyridinato-N,C-2] picolinate (FIrpic), as an assistant dopant codoped into 4,4-N, N-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) host as an emissive layer. A pure red electroluminescence (EL) only from Eu3+ ions at 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 3 nm was observed and the EL efficiency was significantly enhanced. The maximum EL efficiency reached 7.9 cd A(-1) at 0.01 mA cm(-2) current density, which is enhanced by 2.8 times compared with electrophosphorescence-undoped devices. The large improvements are attributed to energy transfer assistance effects of FIrpic, indicating a promising method for obtaining efficient red OLEDs based on rare-earth complexes.

Efficient red organic light-emitting diodes based on a dinuclear europium complex

Pure red organic light-emitting diodes based on a dinuclear europium complex with a structure of (TTA)(3)Eu(PYO)(2)Eu(TTA)3 (TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, PYO = pyridine N-oxide) were presented. The devices showed pure red emission at a peak wavelength of 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 3 nm, which is a characteristic emission from Eu3+ ion based on D-5(0) -> F-7(2) transition. The maximum brightness and electroluminescent (EL) efficiency reached 340 cd/m(2) at a driving voltage of 19 V and 2.4 cd/A (0.78 lm/W) at a current density of 0.14 mA/cm(2), respectively.

SrCaSi04：Eu3+的光谱性能的研究木

采用高温固相反应法制备了一种新的用于白光LED的红色荧光粉SrCaSiO4:Eu3+.XRD表明其属于正交晶系,空间群Pmnb;在SrCaSiO4:Eu3+的体系中掺入<12％(原子分数)的Eu3+不会引起相的转变.光谱测试表明,荧光粉的激发峰位于397nm,能与近紫外LED相匹配,其发射峰位于612、592和586nm;在SrCaSiO4:Eu3+的体系中Eu3+的猝灭浓度约为10％(原子分数),其临界传递距离(Re)约为1.2nm.测得样品的衰减曲线,并得到其荧光寿命约为3ms．

邻苯二甲酸铕发光配合物的合成与表征

在液相中合成了邻苯二甲酸(H2L)铕发光配合物.通过元素分析、滴定分析和红外光谱确定其化学组成为Eu2L3·6H2O.热分析结果表明,配合物在472℃以下稳定性较好.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明,配合物为块状晶体物质,晶粒大小为10～20μm.荧光光谱分析结果表明,配合物在紫外光的激发下发出铕的特征荧光.

Improved efficiency by a fluorescent dye in red organic light-emitting devices based on a europium complex

By doping a fluorescent dye in the emissive layer, we realized high efficient red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a europium complex. The OLEDs realized by this method showed pure red emission at 612 nm with a full width at half maximum Of 3 nm. The Commission International de L'Eclairage Coordination keeps approximately the same as the emission of pure Eu3+. The maximum brightness and EL efficiency reached 2450 cd/m(2) at 20 V and 9.0 cd/A (6.0 lm/w) at a current density of 0.012 mA/cm(2), respectively. At the brightness of 100 cd/m(2), the current efficiency reached 4.4 cd/A.