80 resultados para 502


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本文描述了大孔径涂敷柱LBC柱的制备及其对水中痕量有机物的吸附富集技术的研究,LBC柱是一种涂有固定液SE-30的大孔径金属柱,用以直接吸附富集水中痕量有机物,然后热脱附到GDX-502预柱上,用CS_2洗脱并浓缩后注入气相色谱仪进行分析测定。本文还讨论了溶液浓度、柱长度、过柱速度、徐膜厚度对LBC柱吸附富集效率的影响及其本方法的重现性。相对标准偏差小于7%。

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在冷冻条件下用扫描电镜观察了淀粉接枝丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂的结果表明,吸水后的树脂由许多蜂窝状的小室构成,与植物细胞十分相似,本文将这种小室称为水泡。水泡的吸水和失水机理与细胞中的液泡几乎相同。聚合过程应有利于薄而均匀的水泡膜的形成。

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合成接枝共聚物和嵌段共聚物是研究阻尼材料的重要途径,这是由于可以在较广的范围内,调整共聚物的结构,使之具有良好的阻尼性能。这里我们选择了端羟基聚四氢呋喃与顺丁烯二酸酐反应,制成端乙烯基大分子单体及端乙烯基遥爪低聚物。然后与苯乙烯共聚,制成接枝共聚物和嵌段共聚物。从两者的比较中探讨各种因素对共聚物阻尼性能的影响规律。认为研究结果将有益于阻尼材料的分子设计,在反应体系及合成方法上,都比较简便,适于工业生产,便于推广应用。

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本文提出了一个将溶液中锡转变为锡烷,用硝酸银溶液吸收显色的微量锡的分光光度法。此方法操作简便、快速、精密度和准确度均较好。通过对纯金属、合金、岩矿和食品中锡的分析,取得了较好的结果。本方法是一个有较好应用前景的测定微量锡的新方法。

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A group of coenocytic marine algae differs from higher plants, whose totipotency depends on an intact cell (or protoplast). Instead, this alga is able to aggregate its extruded protoplasm in sea water and generate new mature individuals. It is thought that lectins play a key role in the aggregation process. We purified a lectin associated with the aggregation of cell organelles in Bryopsis hypnoides. The lectin was ca. 27 kDa with a pI between pH 5 and pH 6. The absence of carbohydrate suggested that the lectin was not a glycoprotein. The hemagglutinating activity (HA) of the lectin was not dependent on the. presence of divalent cations and was inhibited by N-Acetylgalactosamine, N-Acetylglucosamine, and the glycoprotein bovine submaxillary mucin. The lectin preferentially agglutinated Gram-negative bacterium. The HA of this lectin was stable between pH 4 to pH 10. Cell organelles outside the cytoplasm were agglutinated by the addition of lectin solution (0.5 mg ml(-1)). Our results suggest that the regeneration of B. hypnoides is mediated by this lectin. We also demonstrated that the formation of cell organelle aggregates was inhibited by nigericin in natural seawater (pH 8.0). Given that nigericin dissipates proton gradients across the membrane, we hypothesize that the aggregation of cell organelles was proton-gradient dependent.

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The content and isotopic compositions of different sulphur species in pore-water and solid phases have been examined on five sediment cores taken from muddy sediment region in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Relationships among these data have been investigated with the combination of morphology of mineral pyrite and organic matter so as to role out the diagenetic behaviour of sulphur species at the early stage of diagenesis in modern marine sediment and the origin of pyrite formation.

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本研究应用显带技术和荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,鉴定了牡蛎的染色体;应用FISH方法定位了一系列的重复序列和大分子的P1克隆DNA;制备了染色体特异性探针。应用FISH特异性探针成功地鉴定了长牡蛎的三体10。结果如下:1.分析了G带和C带在美洲牡蛎染色体上的分布。G带在每一条染色体上的带型不同,某些染色体间(如第1对和第4对染色体,第7对和第9对染色体)的带型差别不是很明显。G带型容易受染色体收缩程度的影响。C带型重复性较好,染色体带型较清楚,分布在染色体的端粒区域和着丝粒区域。G带和C带带型能够用来鉴定牡蛎的染色体,但是重复性低和带型差异不显著,并不适合常规的染色体鉴定。2.早期胚胎和担轮幼虫制备的染色体适合于FISH分析。染色体制备方法重复性好,可适用于其它贝类的染色体制备。3.研究了重复序列基因--rDNA的定位:1)18S-5.8S rDNA在研究的五种巨蛎属Crassostrea牡蛎均只有一个位 点。太平洋种(C.gigas,C. ariakensis和C. plicatula)中,杂交信号位于最短的染色体一第10对染色体长臂的端粒区域,在大西洋种(C. virginica和C. rhizophorae)中,同一序列定位在第2对染色体短臂的端粒区域。2)18S-28S rDNA在两种蛤中有两个位点。rDNA探针定位在侏儒蛤(Mulinis Lateralis)的第15对和第19对染色体的端粒区域,同一序列定位在硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)的第10对染色体的长臂和第12对染色体短臂的端粒区域。信号强度在两对染色体之间有差异。 3)5s rDNA位于美洲牡蛎的第5对染色体的短臂上靠近着丝粒区域和第6 对染色体的短臂的中间区域。信号强度在两对染色体之间没有显著差异。5S rDNA探针可以作为鉴定和识别第5对和第6对染色体的特异性探针。4.研究了一些重复序列的定位1)两个短的重复序列1G8,1P2均产生很强的荧光信号分布在美洲牡蛎所有的染色体上。在低严谨条件下,这些序列均产生很强的信号散布在所有的染色体上。在高严谨条件下,信号强度大大减弱,但是信号仍散布在所有的染色体上。这些重复序列散布在美洲牡蛎的整个基因组中。2)高度重复序列Cgl70产生的信号分布在长牡蛎的7对染色体的着丝粒区域,没有发现间区信号。在第1对,第2对,第4对和第7对染色体上的荧光信号强且稳定。在第5对,第8对和第10对染色体上的信号相对弱且不稳定。在剩余的染色体上(第3对,第6对和第9对染色体)没有检测到荧光信号。结果表明此卫星序列是一个着丝粒卫星序列。在美洲牡蛎的染色体上没有检测到荧光信号,表明了这个着丝粒卫星序列在这两种牡蛎中的分布存在着显著的差异。3)脊椎动物端粒序列(TTAGGG)n的FISH信号局限在四种双壳贝类(美洲牡蛎,the mangrove oyster,硬壳蛤,侏儒蛤)所有染色体的端粒区域,没有发现间区信号的存在。研究结果与已报道的研究结果表明脊椎动物端粒序列或许存在于所有双壳贝类的染色体末端。双壳贝类是目前研究过的唯一含有脊椎动物端粒序列DNA的无脊椎动物。4)研究了RAPD探针在美洲牡蛎染色体上的定位。大多数RAPD探针产生了多个信号散布在间期细胞核和所有的染色体上。引物OPX-03,OPX-04,OPX—06,OPG-02,OPM—04,OPM-11,0PS-02制备的探针在适宜的条件下产生特异性荧光 信号,分布在牡蛎的特定的染色体上。PCR特异性带产生的探针OPX—06—310和0PG-02—300产生了特异性的荧光信号:OPX—06—310产生的信号位于第5对染色体的短臂的近端粒区域,0PG—02—300探针定位到第3对染色体的短臂上。这两个探针是鉴定美洲牡蛎单条染色体的特异性探针。5.研究了大分子Pl克隆DNA(插入片断为80~100 kb)在美洲牡蛎染色体上的定位。Pl克隆DNA通过切口平移方法标记digoxigenin—11-dUTP用作FISH的探针。Cot-1 DNA作为竞争剂有效地抑制了Pl克隆序列中的重复序列产生的信号。杂交信号用fluorescein标记的anti—digoxigenin抗体来检测,用两层抗体rabbit-anti-sheep抗体和FITC anti—rabbit抗体来扩增信号。9个P1探针成功地定位在特定的染色体上。46—1探针杂交到第1对染色体的长臂靠近着丝粒区域;47-10探针定位到第2对染色体的长臂近端粒区域;Cvpl和48-13两探针定位到第3对染色体上:Cvpl位于短臂的端粒区域,48-13探针位于长臂的近着丝粒区域;48—10探针杂交到第4对染色体的长臂上;48-1探针杂交到第5对染色体长臂的近着丝粒区域;49-11探针位于第7对染色体长臂上;探针49-10和44-11位于第8对染色体长臂上。同时我们成功地将2个P1探针杂交到同一染色体分裂相中,进一步确定了Pl探针在美洲牡蛎染色体 上的定位。6.应用18S-28S rDNA探针成功地鉴定出长牡蛎非整倍体中的三体10。经鉴定AF-35,AF-39和AF-3三体家系属于三体10家系。rDNA探针分布在三条染色体上,即多出的一条染色体为染色体10。相应地在间期细胞核上有三个信号出现。AF-34和AF-36家系不属于三体10家系。rDNA探针分布在两条染色体上,相应地在间期细胞核上有两个信号出现。FISH和染色体特异性探针为非整倍体的鉴定提供了一个快速准确可靠的方法和途径。

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运用核糖体DNA内转录间隔区ITS序列对狭蕊龙胆属Metagentiana10种及其近缘属22种植物进行了系统发育分析.ITS分析结果表明狭蕊龙胆属是一个多系群:在系统发育树上,双蝴蝶属Tripterospermum和蔓龙胆属Crawfurdia的种类位于狭蕊龙胆属各分支中,而且双蝴蝶属和蔓龙胆属的种类也相互交叉;这一结果不支持将3个属各自独立为属.但是,在所有分析中,3个属共同形成一单系分支,是龙胆属Gentiana的姊妹群;这一结果与形态学、花部解剖学、细胞学、孢粉学和胚胎学等证据基本一致,狭蕊龙胆属应该从龙胆属中分离出来,它与双蝴蝶属和蔓龙胆属有更为密切的亲缘关系.根据分支图,在狭蕊龙胆属、双蝴蝶属和蔓龙胆属组成的复合群中,现已知的染色体基数x=17、21和23可能存在网状和平行进化.

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2002-2003年对青海省大通县退耕还林还草地鼠类组成进行调查研究,捕获鼠类6种728只,以根田鼠Microtus oeconomus和高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi为绝对优势种.4种方法进行退耕还林还草地害鼠控制的结果表明:人工置夹和药物控制是地上害鼠控制的有效方法,人工地箭与灭鼠雷可有效控制地下高原鼢鼠的数量.但从长远来看,控制退耕还林还草地鼠害应采取生态治理的原则和方法.

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目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定獐牙菜及其近缘植物中番木鳖酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷的含量。方法:采用ZORBAX SB—C18(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以流动相甲醇和水(含0.04%磷酸)的比例在0-24 min内由22:78至38:62线性梯度洗脱,流速1 mL•min~1,检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃。结果:4种成分均达到基线分离,番木鳖酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷的线性范围分别为0.05—6.25μg(r=0.9999),0.0095—2.9 μg(r=0.9998),0.0486—2.56μg(r=0.9999),0.0056—2.8μg(r=0.9998);回收率为102%(RSD=4.4%),97.7%(RSD=4.3%),99.5%(RSD=3.5%),103%(RSD=1.1%)。结论:方法测定快速,结果准确、可靠。

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This research was conducted on alpine meadow site at Menyuan county, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China to determine the effects of native, subterranean rodent of Qinghai-Tibet grasslands, the plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi), on seasonal above-and below-ground plant biomass, plant species diversity and productivity. Both total peaks of above-and below-ground biomass were the greatest (413.600 g/m~2 and 2297.502 g/m~2) in the patch no any plateau zokors colonized by plateau zokors over 10 years in August and October, respectively. Both above-and below-ground biomass were significantly increased in the patches where plateau zokors were removed or the burrow systems were abandoned for five years compared to the patches plateau zokors colonized over 10 years. However, both above-and below-ground biomass in abandoned patches were significantly lower than that in uncolonized patches. Monocotyledonous biomass was reduced greatly, but the non-palatable dicots were significantly increased in colonized patches. The palatable biomass of monocots and dicots were increased in abandoned patches. Total plant species diversity was the greatest in uncolonized patchesand least in abandoned patch. The total net primary production in colonized patches was reduced by 68.98% compared with uncolonized patches. Although the patches were without any plateau zokors disturbance for fives years, the total net primary production just reached 58.69% of the uncolonized patches. The above-ground net primary production in abandoned patches increased 28.74% and the below-ground increased 54.91% compared with the colonized patches. We suggest that plateau zokor-induced changes in plant above- and below-ground biomass and species diversity may lead to further alterations of nutrient cycling and trophic dynamics in this alpine meadow ecosystem.

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分析高寒草甸不同土地利用格局下土壤CO2的释放量大小表明,在植物生长季的5~9 月,土壤CO2 释放量大小排序为:金露梅灌丛草甸(1871.40g/ m2) > 矮嵩草草甸(1769.63g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1495.60g/m2) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(1191.26g/ m2) ;而在植物非生长季的10月到翌年4月,其土壤CO2 释放量大小与植物生长季略有差异, 表现出矮嵩草草甸(661.46g/ m2 ) > 金露梅灌丛草甸( 550.90g/ m2 ) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(502.50g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(384.50g/ m2) 的特点;全年内表现为矮嵩草草甸(2431.09g/ m2 ) > 金露梅灌丛草甸(2422.30g/ m2) > 退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1880.10g/ m2 ) > 退化矮嵩草草甸(1694.06g/ m2 ) . 高寒草甸地区不同土地利用格局土壤CO2 释放数量的差异及季节变化,不仅与各利用格局的土壤生物活性及土壤物理化学性状有关,而且与气象条件(特别是温度) 及其土壤冬季冻结期长短关系极为密切。

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The composition of the leaf oils from seven populations of J. sabina L., one population of Juniperus sabina var. arenaria (E. H. Wilson) Farjon were examined for their geographic variation. In addition, the leaf oils of J. chinensis L. and J. davurica Pall. were compared to J. sabina. Juniperus sabina var. arenarla, the sand loving juniper, oil was found to be very similar to that of J. davurica, Mongolia, and J. sabina, on sand dunes in Mongolia. This suggests that J. sabina var. arenaria might be conspecific with J. davurica. Farjon's move (2001) of J. sabina var. arenaria out of J. chinensis is supported. Considerable differentiation was found in populations of J. sabina from the Iberian peninsula. Cedrol, citronellol, safrole, trans-sabinyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol and beta-thujone were found to be polymorphic in several populations.

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城市生活垃圾填埋场是日常生活中许多含汞物质的最终归宿地,这些含汞物质有可能通过“再挥发”途径进入大气,从而增加大气的汞负荷。为了研究垃圾填埋场汞的释放强度,2003 年11 月底我们用配备有自动测汞仪的动力学通量箱法,对贵阳市的一个垃圾卫生填埋场进行了汞通量测定。结果发现无论是半年期的垃圾还是覆土,汞的释放均具有明显的日变化规律,即白昼明显大于夜晚。半年垃圾和覆土的平均汞释放强度分别为502. 4和55. 2 ng(Hg) ·m- 2·h - 1 ,远高于国内外背景区的通量值,说明垃圾填埋场已成为一个潜在的大气汞人为释放源。基质中汞含量的差异是造成通量差异的主要因素,而采取覆土措施则可大大减少汞向大气的排放。天气晴朗时光照强度与汞的释放关系密切,是促进气态汞形成的主要驱动力;阴雨初期,降雨则在一定程度上增加了汞的排放。