对虾白斑综合症病毒结构蛋白VP28的原核表达和性质研究

VP2 8是对虾白斑综合症病毒 (Whitespotsyndromevirus ,WSSV)的一个重要的囊膜蛋白。为了便于研究VP2 8在和宿主细胞相互作用过程中扮演的角色 ,将VP2 8基因克隆到一个原核表达系统 ,对原核表达的VP2 8的特性进行了研究 ,并制备了抗VP2 8的多克隆抗体和单链抗体 ,对原核表达的和天然病毒的VP2 8蛋白免疫原性进行了比较。结果表示 ,原核表达的VP2 8与天然蛋白具有相似的免疫原性。

食物种类和浓度对壶状臂尾轮虫实验种群动态的影响

使用浓度为0．3mg／mL的椭圆小球藻、尖细栅藻和两者以1：1（湿重比）组成的混合藻在26±1℃下对壶状臂尾轮虫进行单个体培养研究。结果表明，虽然三类食物对轮虫的胚胎发育时间和平均寿命无显著影响，但投喂小球藻时轮虫的生殖前期明显比投喂栅藻或混合藻时短，投喂小球藻时轮虫的生殖期明显比投喂栅藻时长；轮虫的生殖后期历时以栅藻组最长，混合藻组次之，小球藻组最短，三者间具显著差异。轮虫的繁殖率、产卵量和种群内禀增长率均以小球藻组最高，混合藻组次之，栅藻组最低。由此可见，小球藻是该种轮虫培养的最适饵料。以浓度为0．3

大鳞副泥鳅雄核发育单倍体胚胎发育的研究

雄核发育（ａｎｄｒｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ）系指卵子只依靠雄性原核进行发育的生殖方式。尽管已有川鲽（Ｐｌａｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｆｌｅｓｕｓ）（Ｐｕｒｄｏｍ，１９６９）、马苏大麻哈鱼（Ｏｎｃｏｈｙｃｈｕｓｍａｓｏｕ）（Ａｒａｉ等，１９７９）、虹鳟（Ｓａｌｍｏｇａ...

武汉东湖若干种轮虫休眠卵的形态观察

休眠卵是轮虫在恶劣生态条件下形成的滞育结构。本研究用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东湖14种轮虫休眠卵形态进行了观察，其中关于尾突臂尾轮虫（Brachionuscaudatus，Barrois＆Daday）、方形臂尾轮虫（Bquadridentatus，hermann）、中型晶囊轮虫（Asplanchnaintermedia，Hudson）、顶生三肢轮虫（Filiniaterminalis，Plate）的休眠卵的形态特征尚未见过报道。这些休眠卵一般卵壳较厚，颜色较深，壳表面有纹饰。不同种轮虫的休眠卵形态、壳

微型生态系统中鲢、鳙下行影响的实验研究——1.浮游生物群落和初级生产力

在营养物供给量较大的实验条件下,鲢、鳙放养明显地改变了微型生态系统的群落结构、代谢和理化环境,以致实验后期鳙单养和鲢、鳙混养系统出现不同程度的富营养化。微型生态系统中浮游植物密度的增长不完全由营养级联效应所致,但初级生产力的组间差异可大致依据营养级联假说来解释。实验结果认为,以提高鱼产量为目标的鲢、鳙高密度放养,对加速营养物来源丰富的天然水域的富营养化起着重要的作用。

臂轮凹口虫新种及其生活史的研究

于1979年7月在武昌中国科学院水生生物研究所湖汊采集水草,经研究发现须根上栖息的轮虫体内有一种专门攻击萼花臂尾轮虫和双棘臂尾轮虫的凹口虫,经鉴定系一新种,其主要特征为,传布子长椭圆形,两端较尖小,中间稍微凹;体前方有锥形的钻孔器,后端有3—5根长尾毛;大核香肠状,小核一个,椭圆形,伸缩泡一个,居中偏后。营养子圆球形,直径78—141μm,大核肾形,小核和伸缩泡各一个,亦具尾毛;裂子数为2—32个。寄生。致死轮虫,并在轮虫躯壳内完成其生活史。能形成次级包囊和抵抗性包囊。

珠江的鱼类区系及其动物地理区划的讨论

本文根据珠江水系实地调查的结果,对珠江淡水鱼类区系的组成、形成原因及其在动物地理区划中的位置进行了讨论,否定了前人将南岭山脉作为东洋区和古北区在东亚的分界线的观点,认为这两个大区的界线应向北推移到秦岭山脉,并且指出珠江水系的鱼类区系元大部分隶属于东洋区的南东亚亚区,而其西江上源的一小部分应划归南亚亚区。

Speciation and Phylogeography of Opsariichthys bidens (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China: Analysis of the Cytochrome b Gene of mtDNA from Diverse Populations

Gao-Yan Li, Xu-Zhen Wang, Ya-Hui Zhao, Jie Zhang, Chun-Guang Zhang, and Shun-Ping He (2009) Speciation and phylogeography of Opsariichthys bidens (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China: analysis of the cytochrome b gene of mtDNA from diverse populations. Zoological Studies 48(4): 569-583. The cyprinid fish Opsariichthys bidens Gunther is distributed in all major river systems of continental East Asia, and represents an attractive model for phylogeographic studies among cyprinid species or within a given species. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographic and demographic history of this species, using partial sequences of the cytochrome (cyt) b gene in mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Fish samples were collected from almost all major river systems where O. bidens is distributed in China. Sequence analysis showed remarkably high polymorphism, with 125 haplotypes in the 234 specimens examined, and with 89.8% of haplotypes occurring in only 1 specimen. A neutrality test indicated that some groups were not at mutation-drift equilibrium, suggesting a past population expansion. These results were supported by a mismatch distribution analysis. Based on our analysis, O. bidens consists of 4 groups belonging to 2 clades. The divergence time of the 2 clades was estimated to be 11.06-8.04 my. This value corresponds to the time of the 2nd uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the emergence of the East Asian monsoon, and the Epoch-6 Event. A two species scheme is proposed. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.4/569.pdf

Nonylphenol and octylphenol in urban eutrophic lakes of the subtropical China

The paper studied two estrogenic pollutants, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments in urban eutrophic lakes. The concentrations of NP ranged from 1.94 to 32.85 mu g/l, 0.876 to 31.13 mu g/l and 3.54 to 32.43 mu g/g dry weight (dw) in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments, respectively, and that of OP from 0.027 to 1.44 mu g/l, 0.008 to 1.777 mu g/l and 0.058 to 1.245 mu g/g dw in water, suspended particle (SP) and sediments, respectively. An increasing trend in the concentration was noticed in all matrices close to the sewage inlets, which was found to be the major factor affecting the spatial distribution of alkylphenols (APs) in the lakes. Due to restoration of submerged macrophytes, which might accumulate APs, the contaminations of APs in the Little Moon Lake (LML) and the Little Lotus Lake (LLL) were lower than those in the Big, Moon Lake (BML) and the Bier Lotus Lake (BLL). A reasonable correlation of NP and OP was obtained among water, suspended particle and sediment. The possible environmental stress of APs concentration on aquatic organisms in Wuhan urban lakes was also discussed.

Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis

The Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is an anadromous protected species that presently only spawns in the Yangtze River. Using laboratory experiments, we examined the behavioral preference of young Chinese sturgeon to physical habitat (water depth, illumination intensity, substrate color, and cover) and monitored their downstream migration. Hatchling free embryos were photopositive, preferred open habitat, and immediately upon hatching, swam far above the bottom using swim-up and drift. Downstream migration peaked on days 0-1, decreased about 50% or more during days 2-7, and ceased by day 8. Days 0-1 migrants were active both day and night, but days 2-7 migrants were most active during the day. After ceasing migration, days 8-11 embryos were photonegative, preferred dark substrate and sought cover. Free embryos developed into larvae and began feeding on day 12, when another shift in behavior occurred-larvae returned to photopositive behavior and preferred white substrate. The selective factor favoring migration of free embryos upon hatching and swimming far above the bottom may be avoidance of benthic predatory fishes. Free embryos, which must rely on yolk energy for activity and growth, only used 19 cumulative temperature degree-days for peak migration compared to 234 degree-days for growth to first feeding larvae, a 1 : 12 ratio of cumulative temperature units. This ratio suggests that sturgeon species with large migratory embryos, like Chinese sturgeon, which require a high level of energy to swim during migration, may migrate only a short time to conserve most yolk energy for growth.

Influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase I and II biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp

Several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated Ya-Er Lake, No, 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, Honglian Lake. After 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase I biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, EROD) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase II biotransformation enzyme (glutathione S-transferase, GST) exhibited a slight, but significant induction (1,4-fold of control) after 4 weeks of exposure. The level of cellular glutathione in the liver was also slightly elevated after 4 weeks of exposure. The delayed response of GST to the contaminants indicates that the phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes are regulated differently in fish. The results suggest that EROD is a sensitive bioindicator to assess the toxicity of dioxin-contamined sediment in the laboratory, (C) 1998 Academic Press.

Research progresses of SOI optical waveguide devices and integrated optical switch matrix

SOI (silicon-on-insulator) is a new material with a lot of important performances such as large index difference, low transmission loss. Fabrication processes for SOI based optoelectronic devices are compatible with conventional IC processes. Having the potential of OEIC monolithic integration, SOI based optoelectronic devices have shown many good characteristics and become more and more attractive recently. In this paper, the recent progresses of SOI waveguide devices in our research group are presented. By highly effective numerical simulation, the single mode conditions for SOI rib waveguides with rectangular and trapezoidal cross-section were accurately investigated. Using both chemical anisotropic wet etching and plasma dry etching techniques, SOI single mode rib waveguide, MMI coupler, VOA (variable optical attenuator), 2X2 thermal-optical switch were successfully designed and fabricated. Based on these, 4X4 and 8X8 SOI optical waveguide integrated switch matrixes are demonstrated for the first time.

Surface plasmon modulated nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

We have fabricated surface plasmon modulated nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from common 850 nm VCSELs using focus ion beam etching with Ga+ ion source. The far-field output power is about 0.3 mW at a driving current of 15 mA with a sub-wavelength aperture surrounded by concentric periodic grooves. The enhancement of transmission intensity can be explained by diffraction and enhanced fields associated with surface plasmon. This structure also exhibits beaming properties.

Exciton states of vertically stacked self-assembled InAs quantum disks in an axial magnetic field

We have studied the exciton states of vertically stacked self-assembled quantum disks within the effective mass approximation. The ground energies of a heavy-hole and a light-hole excitons as functions of the vertical disk separation are presented and discussed. The transition energy of a heavy-hole ground-state exciton is calculated and compared with the experimental data. The binding energies are discussed in terms of the probability of ground wave function. The ground energies of a heavy-hole and a light-hole excitons as functions of the applied axial magnetic field are calculated and the effect of disk size (radius of disks) on exciton energies is discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of combined InAlAs and InGaAs strain-reducing laser on luminescence properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dots

We have fabricated self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) capped by 1 nm In0.2Al0.8As and 5 nm In0.2Ga0.8As strain-reducing layer (SRL). The luminescence emission at a long wavelength of 1.33 mum with narrower half width is realized. A wider energy separation between the ground and first excited radiative transitions of up to 102meV was observed at room temperature. Furthermore, the comparative study proves that luminescence properties of InAs/GaAs QDs overgrown with combined InAlAs and InGaAs SRLs are much better than that of one capped with InGaAs or InAlAs SRL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.