文冠果种皮中的香豆素类化合物及抗HIV-1活性研究

利用多种分离技术对文冠果种皮甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构,得到3个香豆素类化合物Ⅰ(臭矢菜素B)、Ⅱ(秦皮素)、Ⅲ(秦皮苷),其中化合物Ⅰ为首次从无患子科中分离得到,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为首次从文冠果种皮中分离得到.通过对HIV-1ⅢB诱导感染C8166细胞致细胞病变的抑制试验及对HIV-1ⅢB感染MT4细胞的保护试验进行抗HIV-1活性研究,结果表明,化合物Ⅰ具有较强的体外抗HIV-1活性,CC50＞200 μg/mL,EC50为8.61～12.76 μg/mL,选择指数(SI)＞15.67～23.23;对HIV-1ⅢB感染的MT4细胞具有一定的保护作用.

卵叶槲寄生化学成分体外抗HIV活性的初步研究

　目的: 探讨卵叶槲寄生化学成分的体外抗人免疫缺陷病毒(H IV)活性。方法:采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法测定化合物的细胞毒性;细胞病变法检测化合物对H IV急性感染的抑制活性; H IV21 p24抗原EL ISA方法检测化合物对慢性感染细胞中H IV复制的影响。计算化合物的抑制率和半数抑制浓度(EC50 )。结果:多种卵叶槲寄生的化学成分具有体外抑制H IV复制的作用,特别是3, 5, 7, 4′2 四羟基23′2 甲氧基黄烷酮和圣草酚。3,5, 7, 4′2 四羟基23′2 甲氧基黄烷酮在2～3μg·mL- 1的浓度范围内对H IV21和H IV22复制的抑制率均≥50%,而对 C8166细胞的半数细胞毒性浓度(CC50 ) >200μg·mL - 1。圣草酚在低浓度(1. 5～2. 5μg·mL- 1 )时,对H IV21和H IV22复制的抑制率达50%,其对C8166细胞的CC50为43. 40μg·mL - 1。结论:卵叶槲寄生化学成分3, 5, 7, 4′2四羟基23′2 甲氧基黄烷酮和圣草酚对H IV21和H IV22的体外复制均有不同程度的抑制作用。

云南省HIV-1分子流行病学研究进展

云南省是中国HIV-1感染最早和最为严重的地区之一,流行的HIV-1病毒亚型种类复杂多样。已有证据表明国内其它地区的HIV-1亚型很可能主要来源于云南省。本文对云南省的HIV-1亚型的流行情况进行综述,希望能为预防控制云南省乃至全国HIV-1的流行以及合理设计HIV-1疫苗提供基础信息。

银额果蝇自然群体中的mtDNA多态性研究 I: 银额果蝇自然群体内存在丰富的mtDNA多态性

运用限制性内切酶对银额果蝇自然群体进行了mtDNA的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。 发现银额果蝇自然群体中存在极为丰富的mtDNA多态性, 从82个单雌系中, 共检测到34种限 制性类型。对这一现象的效应和成因进行了探讨。图3表7参19

人和猴T淋巴细胞表面TRBC受体和E受体的比较研究

TRBC受体不同于已知的全T细胞表面分化抗原CD2、CD3/TCR复合物、CD5、CD6和CD7。CD2分子不参与TRBC玫瑰花结的形成, 也不是介导E花结的唯一分子。至少有两个或两个以上蛋白质与TRBC玫瑰花结和E花结的形成有关, 其中有的分子为E受体和TRBC受体所共有。因此, 很可能有不同于CD2的分子参与了TRBC玫瑰花结的形成。图1表4参12

人和猴T淋巴细胞表面TRBC受体及其配体不同于E2分子和CD2的配体

T淋巴细胞表面的TRBC受体不同介导E花结形成的E受体(CO_(2))和E2分子 。CD_(2)的配体, 人红细胞表面的CD58(LFA-3)和绵羊红细胞表面的T11TS, S42, S14及S110-220, 与TRBC受体的配体无关,TRBC玫瑰花结的形成是通过不同E 花结和人自身玫瑰花结的受体—配体相互作用来实现的, 进一步表明, 人和猴T 淋巴细胞表面和TRBC表面,可能都有独特的蛋白质分子介导TRBC玫瑰花结的形成 。表4参16

HIV感染中的细胞凋亡

HIV感染以后,病毒蛋白的持续性产出导致免疫系统的持续性激活,引起Th1细胞的丢失,Th1细胞通过合成Ⅰ型细胞因子,抑制淋巴细胞的自发凋亡。另外,病毒蛋白或其他因素能够使CD4~(+)、CD8~(+) T细胞和APC转化为凋亡的效应细胞,通过Fas/FasL或其他途径引起细胞凋亡。HIV感染人体后凋亡细胞不仅有CD4~(+) T细胞,还包括B细胞、NK细胞、粒细胞、神经细胞和单细胞。凋亡作为机体的自我防护措施,在清除感染细胞的同时,并没有抑制HIV在单细胞/巨噬细胞内的复制,反而造成大量未感染细胞的凋亡,导致对HIV复制的失控,发展为严重的免疫缺陷,引起AIDS相关的机会性感染。

SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF A CAPTIVE MACAQUE COLONY IN CHINA FOR ANTIBODIES TO SIMIAN TYPE-D RETROVIRUSES

Sera from 510 macaques consisting of Macaca mulatta, Macaca assamensis, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina, and Macaca arctoides were investigated for antibodies to simian AIDS type D retrovirus (SRV) by ELISA and Western blot with viral antigens purified from supernatants of SRV-1 infected cell cultures. Of these monkeys, 104 were seropositive by ELISA; only 23 were confirmed by Western blot. The true positive reaction to SRV was found in 15 of 463 (3.2%) M. mulatta and eight of eleven (72.7%) M. assamensis.

徐闻黄牛和海南黄牛血液蛋白的遗传多样性

在分析的36种血液蛋白(酶)共计40个遗传座位中, 徐闻黄牛和海南黄牛有相同的13个多态座位, 荷斯坦牛有11个多态座位。徐闻黄牛和海南黄牛的多态座位百分比均为P=0.325, 徐闻黄牛的平均杂合度H=0.141, 海南黄牛的平均杂合度H=0.132; 荷斯坦牛的多态座位百分比P=0.275, 平均杂合度H=0.0099, 研究结果表明这3个品种的遗传多样性相当丰富, 多态座位百分比和平均杂合度随着品种选育程度的提高而降低。研究结果为把徐闻黄牛和海南黄牛合称为雷琼黄牛的观点提供了佐证。

Transplantable neural progenitor populations derived from Rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells

Cell-based therapies using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the treatment of neural disease will require the generation of homogenous donor neural progenitor (NP) populations. Here we describe an efficient culture system containing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and G5 supplement for the production of highly enriched (88.3% +/- 8.1%)populations of NPs from rhesus monkey ESCs. Additional purification resulted in NP preparations that were 98% nestin positive. Moreover, NPs, as monolayers or neurospheres, could be maintained for prolonged periods of time in media containing HGF+G5 or G5 alone. In vitro differentiation and in vivo transplantation assays showed that NPs could differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The kinds and quantities of differentiated cells derived from NPs were closely correlated with their niches in vivo. Glial differentiation was predominant in periventricular areas, whereas cells migrating into the cortex were mostly neurons. Cell counts showed that 2 months after transplantation, approximately 25% of transplanted NPs survived and 65% - 80% of the surviving transplanted cells migrated along the ventricular wall or in a radial fashion. Subcloning demonstrated that several clonal lines derived from NPs expressed nestin and differentiated into three neural lineages in vitro and in rat brains in vivo. In contrast, some subcloned lines showed restricted differentiation both in vitro and in vivo in rat brains. These observations set the stage for obtaining highly enriched NPs and evaluating the efficacy of NP-based transplantation therapy in the nonhuman primate and will provide a platform for probing the molecular mechanisms that control neural induction.

Homologous feeder cells support undifferentiated growth and pluripotency in monkey embryonic stem cells

In the present study, five homologous feeder cell lines were developed for the culture and maintenance of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (rESCs). Monkey ear skin fibroblasts (MESFs), monkey oviductal fibroblasts (MOFs), monkey follicular granulosa fibroblast-like (MFG) cells, monkey follicular granulosa epithelium-like (MFGE) cells, and clonally derived fibroblasts from MESF (CMESFs) were established and compared with the ability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to support rESC growth. MESF, MOF, MFG, and CMESF cells, but not MFGE cells, were as good as or better than MEFs in supporting undifferentiated growth while maintaining the differentiation potential of the rESCs. In an effort to understand the unique properties of supportive feeder cells, expression levels for a number of candidate genes were examined. MOF, MESF, and MEF cells highly expressed leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, transforming growth factor PI, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and WNT3A, whereas WNT2, WNT4, and WNT5A were downregulated, compared with MFGE cells. Additionally, all monkey feeder cell lines expressed Dkk1 and LRP6, antagonists of the WNT signaling pathway, but not WNT1, WNT8B, or Dkk2. rESCs grown on homologous feeders maintained normal karyotypes, displayed the characteristics of ESCs, including morphology, alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, the cell surface markers stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, SSEA-4, tumor-related antigen (TRA)-1-60, and TRA-1-81, and formed cystic embryoid bodies in vitro that included differentiated cells representing the three major germ layers. These results indicate that the four homologous feeder cell lines can be used to support the undifferentiated growth and maintenance of pluripotency in rESCs.

大陆漂移与云南胡蜂的扩散分布

云南高原位于北纬21°9′～29°15′和东经97°39′～106°12′之间,总面积394000 km2 ,地质和气候、植被非常复杂。大 陆漂移和冰期的进退是影响昆虫起源和演替的一个重要原因。昆虫的祖先是起源于一个统一大陆,在这个大陆上共 同起源,共同进化,随着原始大陆的分离和漂移,把这些类群运载到各地,形成现今昆虫分布格局。昆虫的扩散是以中 心分布方式成环状向周围扩散的。云南胡蜂的祖先是来自冈瓦那古陆。有两支昆虫进入云南,其中一支来自喜马拉 雅山,另一支来自缅甸。冰期是导致南北生物互相混合和渗入的重要因素。胡蜂的特有类群是在冈瓦那古陆分裂之 后才发展起来的。其祖先最早是分布在原始古陆较狭窄的区域内。

印度果核芒果象(Sternochetus mangiferae Fabricuis)和云南果核芒果象(Sternochetus olivieri Faust)生物学及其综合防治研究

印度果核芒果象、云南果核芒果象以幼虫蛀害50余种芒果核仁, 对三年芒果危害率为41.3％-67.0％, 对象牙芒果危害率为42.2％-78.0％。印度果核芒果象占总数的76.3％-88.9％, 云南果核芒果象占11.1％-23.7％。其生物学习性和发生危害规律近似。在云南景谷地区一年发生一代。采取综合防治措施后, 对三年芒果危害率降为10.9％, 象牙芒果降为11.7％。

吗啡对鸡胚胎发育的影响

目的:研究吗啡对胎动、心率、孵化率、孵化时间、雏鸡体重等的影响.方法:以气室给药的方式给鸡胚注射吗啡,记录胎动、心率、孵化率、孵化时间、雏鸡体重.结果:吗啡可以缩短雏鸡的孵化时间,降低雏鸡的孵化率,并导致雏鸡出现运动障碍;20 mg/kg吗啡剂量和12-16胚龄的给药时间,鸡胚孵化率最高,残疾率最低;吗啡导致胚胎心率加快,胎动减少(P＜0.05).结论:吗啡对胚胎发育有损伤作用,损伤程度与吗啡剂量和给药时间有关.