猕猴、白眉长臂猿、人类染色体普通型脆性部位和G-带的比较研究

近缘动物染色体同源区内的脆性部位在进化上是保守的,可作为染色体具有共同起源的标志, 结合G-带的比较,可用以阐明近缘动物染色体的同源性和染色体进化。图版2图2表1参24

云南兔(Lepus comus)的染色体研究

用染色体分带技术分析表明云南兔2n=48, 常染色体中有6对中着丝点染色体、5对亚中着丝 点染色体、10对亚端着丝粒染色体和2对端着丝粒染色体。x染色体为一较大的亚中着丝粒染色体。c-带核型中, Nos.9,14,16,20染色体着丝粒c-带呈阴性, 而13,15,18呈很弱的阳性 。图版1表2参22(邓琳珠)

食蚊鱼生态入侵的研究进展

食蚊鱼原产于中、北美洲,由于被认为可用以控制蚊子,而于20世纪初被世界各地大量引种,现已成为全球性分布的外来入侵种之一。尽管食蚊鱼的控蚊效果尚存争议,但有一点却成不争事实,即该外来入侵种已经对世界各地的土著物种(无脊椎动物、鱼类和两栖类等)、生态系统以及水体环境都构成了巨大的影响。本文从食蚊鱼的生物学特性、入侵机制、控蚊效果和生态效应等4方面对目前有关该外来入侵种的研究结果进行了归纳和总结,并为该物种的管理和控制提出了建议性策略和措施,以期为中国的外来入侵种研究及其管理和控制提供基础资料及参考依据。

基于复合垂直流人工湿地的循环水养殖系统净化养殖效能与参数优化

该文对基于复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)的循环水养殖系统的净化效率、养殖效果和系统优化设计进行了研究。结果表明,在420 mm/d的水力负荷下,湿地可有效地去除循环水中的总悬浮物(去除率85%)、CODCr(去除率50%)、BOD5(去除率44%)、总氨氮(去除率53%)、亚硝酸盐(去除率83%)和硝酸盐(去除率54%),能够满足养殖用水的要求,整个试验期间系统实现了零污水排放。经过5个月的养殖,成功地将斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)鱼苗(1.8 cm,0.08g)培育成鱼种(15.

滇池藻类生物量时空分布及其影响因子

以滇池全湖选取的40个样点,从2001年9月到2002年8月对全湖水体中的叶绿素a的含量每月进行调查,对浮游植物的群落组成和细胞数每两个月进行分析。结果显示,叶绿素a的含量(月均值)从2002年1月的0.015mg/L增加到2002年8月的0.10mg/L呈现明显的上升趋势,水体温度也从1月的10℃上升到8月的28℃;叶绿素a含量的全湖均值则显示出南部水域低,北部水域高的态势,其中又以1号位点最高。滇池地区常年盛行的西南风导致藻类向北的水平运动加强对这一结果的形成有着重要的影响。种群优势度的结果也显示出蓝

葡萄藻三个品系脂类物质含量的比较研究

<正> 葡萄藻作为一种新的再生性能源的研究,已引起了不少学者的重视。其中较为关键的是对葡萄藻所含脂类物质的研究。过去通常采用重量法及各类色谱法测定植物中的脂类物质。这些方法不但繁琐,而且均需一个较长时间的提取过程。近年来国外采用一种新型染料——尼罗

鱼类肠肾虫一新种

<正> 1986年6月,作者在四川涪陵的中华倒刺鲃(Barbodes sinensis Bleeker)后肠检获一种纤毛虫,根据虫体的特征及前人的分类方法,鉴定为斜口科(Plagiotomidae),肠肾虫属(Nyctotherus)一新种,定名为长江肠肾虫(Nyctotherus changjiangensis sp.nov.) 寄生虫的形态研究,除活体观察外,均采用纤毛虫常规涂片染色方法观察。测量了10个以上标本,测量单位为微米。模式标本保存于中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼病室。长江肠肾虫(新种)Nyct

宜昌鳅鮀仔稚鱼的形态特征

<正> 宜昌鳅(鱼它)系底栖性小型鱼类,在长江宜昌江段的渔获物中时有出现。繁殖期为5—6月,产漂流性卵,膜径在3.1—4.0毫米之间,水温21.2—25℃时,受精卵约经40小时孵出。作者对其仔稚鱼的形态进行了观察。实验材料系长江宜都江段采得的天然受精卵,经室内孵化培养而成的仔稚鱼。选择一尾经乌拉坦(ureathane)麻醉后在解剖镜下测量身体各部比例,记述形态特征,并绘制草图。另选两尾作对照。开始摄食后,以浮游生物喂养,培育至外

Empirical modelling of submersed macrophytes in Yangtze lakes

Submersed macrophytes in Yangtze lakes have experienced large-scale declines due to the increasing human activities during past decades. To seek the key factor that affects their growth, monthly investigations of submersed macrophytes were conducted in 20 regions of four Yangtze lakes during December, 2001-March, 2003. Analyses based on annual values show that the ratio of Secchi depth to mean depth is the key factor (50% of macrophyte biomass variability among these lakes is statistically explained). Further analyses also demonstrate that the months from March to June are not only the actively growing season for most macrophytes, but the key time the factor acts. Five key-time models yielding higher predictive power (r(2) reaches 0.75,0.76,0.77,0.69 and 0.81) are generated. A comparison between key-time models and traditional synchronic ones indicates that key-time models have higher predictive power. Analyses of transparency thresholds during macrophyte growing season and the limitations of the models are presented. The models and other results may benefit the work concerning submersed macrophyte recovery in Yangtze lakes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Toxicity of cypermethrin on growth, pigments, and superoxide dismutase of Scenedesmus obliquus

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid that is particularly toxic to crustaceans. It is therefore applied as a chemotherapeutant in farms for the treatment of pests. The effective concentrations of cypermethrin on the inhibition of Scenedesmus ohliquus growth at 96h (96h EC50) were determined to be 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250mg/L. Algal growth, pigment fractions, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the algal cells were measured in the exponential phase after exposure to cypermethrin. The results show that higher concentration of cypermethrin is inhibitory for growth and other metabolic activities and the 96h EC50 of cypermethrin to S. ohliquus is 112 +/- 9 mg/L; the potential application of SOD activity in S. ohliquus as a sensitive biomarker for cypermethrin exposure is also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.