Reducing H2S production by O-2 feedback control during large-scale sewage sludge composting

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production patterns and the influence of oxygen (O-2) concentration were studied based on a well operated composting plant. A real-time, online multi-gas detection system was applied to monitor the concentrations of H2S and O-2 in the pile during composting. The results indicate that H2S was mainly produced during the early stage of composting, especially during the first 40 h. Lack of available O-2 was the main reason for H2S production. Maintaining the O-2 concentration higher than 14% in the pile could reduce H2S production. This study suggests that shortening the interval between aeration or aerating continuously to maintain a high O-2 concentration in the pile was an effective strategy for restraining H2S production in sewage sludge composting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China

To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The characteristics of highly ordered mesoporous carbons as electrode material for electrochemical sensing as compared with carbon nanotubes

In this paper, the unique properties of highly ordered mesoporous carbons modified glassy carbon electrode (OMCs/GE) are illustrated from comparison with carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs/GE) for the electrochemical sensing applications.

细胞色素c在羟基磷灰石修饰玻碳电极上的直接电化学

采用沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石纳米晶体 ,由于具有独特的多吸附位点特征 ,羟基磷灰石可作为一种新型电子传递促进剂用于细胞色素c的直接电化学研究 .在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,细胞色素c在羟基磷灰石修饰玻碳电极表面于0 0 74V (vs .Ag/AgCl)处有一对准可逆的氧化还原峰 ,为细胞色素c血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ ) /Fe(Ⅱ )电对的特征峰 .实验结果表明细胞色素c与羟基磷灰石之间的静电作用 ,促进了细胞色素c在玻碳电极表面扩散控制的准可逆单电子转移过程 .讨论了电位扫描速度、溶液离子强度对细胞色素c直接电化学的影响

Study on surface acid-base property of carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayers by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the surface acid-base property of carboxylic acid-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A carboxylic acid-terminated thiol, such as thioctic acid (1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic add), was self-assembled on gold electrodes. Electron transfer between the bulk solution and the SAM modified electrode was studied at different pH using Fe(CN)(6)(3-) as a probe. The surface pK(a) of thioctic acid was determined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to be 5.6 +/- 0.1 and 5.8 +/- 0.1, respectively. The method is compared with other methods of monolayer pK(a) measurement.

Amperometric determination of thiosulfate at a surface-renewable nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate-modified carbon ceramic electrode

Graphite powder-supported nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) was prepared by the in situ chemical deposition method and then dispersed into methyltrimethoxysilane-derived gels to form a conductive composite. The composite was used as electrode material to construct a surface-renewable three-dimensional NiHCF-modified carbon ceramic electrode. Electrochemical behavior of the chemically modified electrode was well characterized using cyclic and square-wave voltammetry. The electrode presented a good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidization of thiosulfate and thus was used as an amperometric sensor for thiosulfate in the photographic waste effluent. In addition, the electrode exhibited a distinct advantage of surface-renewal by simple mechanical polishing, as well as simple preparation, good chemical and mechanical stability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

RARE-EARTH ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES

In this article, we report the rare earth ion selective electrodes developed in our laboratory. Rare earth containing functional copolymers, rare earth oxides, and chelates have been used as active materials. Methods for preparing raw materials, behavior of electrodes, and application of rare earth ion selective electrodes in flow injection analysis have been discussed as well.

拖曳式测量系统剖面运动控制与数据产品制作

目前，具备升降运动功能，搭载多种传感器的拖曳系统成为国际先进水平的代表。国家863计划项目"拖曳式多参数剖面测量系统"针对我国海域的具体情况，提出研制具备升降功能的，携带CTD，DO，PH，叶绿素荧光计，浊度计，拖曳式营养盐分析仪等监测设备的拖曳系统。该设备的研制将填补我国在先进拖曳技术领域的空白。 作为我国第一种具备升降功能的拖曳系统，适合近海使用，具备快速响应、可靠性良好等特点的运动控制技术和适合多参数同步测量，具备联合计算，多源处理，图形化显示等特点的数据产品制作技术是该系统技术中两个重要组成部分。 本文在拖体动力外型设计基础上，通过对拖缆、拖体运动方程及耦合条件等经典公式分析，利用流体动力试验确定参数等步骤，建立了包含升降速度，抬首速度，拖体深度，俯仰角度等控制变量的拖曳系统运动模型。由于设计拖体适用于近海，运动速度快，系统响应速度与可靠性要求高于轨迹精度要求，因此设计了一种基于PID控制器的波浪运动控制方法，并进行了仿真试验。湖试结果证明该方法能够保证拖体按照预定的深度范围，快速上升下降，完成剖面测量，拖体运动周期稳定、轨迹对称，运动状态平稳。 拖曳式测量不同于传统的测量方式，拖曳测量数据产品制作方法需要充分体现拖曳式测量数据大范围、准同步的特点。本文从测量数据的获取及原始数据格式的设计入手，研究、设计了拖曳式测量数据采集通讯网络和处理软件，针对采样数据的特点设计了数据产品的关键处理技术和完整制作步骤。将该处理技术的结果与相关测量数据进行了比对，并利用海试数据进行了处理演示。

Synergistic effect of sophorolipid and loess combination in harmful algal blooms mitigation

The inhibition effect of sophorolipid and removal efficiency of loess on Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium tamarense was investigated separately in the laboratory. Based on this, the combination of sophorolipid and loess for harmful algal bloom mitigation was proposed. Algal sedimentation tests in the laboratory and in the field revealed that the combination of sophorolipid and loess showed synergistic effects both on the removal efficiencies and on the mitigation cost. The concentration of 1 g/l loess and 5 mg/l sophorolipid was determined as the optimum ratio for C polykrikoides mitigation. In the field test, the effective concentration of loess and sophorolipid in the combination group was reduced to 10% and 25%, respectively, compared to the non-combination group, and the cost decreased more than 60%. The combination of loess and sophorolipid was considered as a promising novel method in harmful algal bloom mitigation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

新疆天山三角草属 （禾本科 ）一新种（英文）

天山三角草　新种

基于线性不变矩和角度向量的立体匹配算法

针对室内场景双目立体匹配有别于一般场景立体匹配的特殊性,提出了一种计算简便、准确度高的立体图像匹配算法。该算法首先利用canny算子检测物体的边缘,根据边缘的线性不变矩寻找出目标物体,然后提取出目标物体轮廓的特征点,利用角度直方图计算出左右图像的旋转角度,最后利用角度向量实现左右图像的对应像素点的匹配。线性不变矩有效地将计算复杂度由二维降低到一维,大大降低了计算量。角度向量的提出降低了特征点匹配的复杂度,而且计算简便,准确率高。实验表明,该算法对图像的缩放、旋转、平移均免疫,具有较高的识别精度和良好的抗干扰性,计算效率高于传统方法,有着较高的应用价值。

用于移动机器人自定位的视觉路标设计

为了实现室内移动机器人的自定位,提出了一种简易美观的新型视觉人工路标以及基于对数极坐标系投影直方图的路标识别方法,并用基于共面四点的位姿估计算法计算机器人位姿。实验结果说明,路标检测具有很高的鲁棒性;路标识别方法抗噪声和形变的能力强;位姿精度足够满足室内移动机器人自定位的需要。

移动机器人路径规划方法研究

针对室内动态非结构化环境下的移动机器人路径规划问题,提出了一种能够将全局路径规划方法和局部路径规划方法相结合、将基于反应的行为规划和基于慎思的行为规划相结合的路径规划方法.全局路径规划器采用A*算法生成到达目标点的子目标节点序列;局部路径规划器采用改进的人工势场方法对子目标节点序列中相邻两节点进行路径平滑和优化处理.在考虑了移动机器人运动学约束的前提下,该方法不但能够充分利用已知环境信息生成全局最优路径,而且还能及时处理所遇到的随机障碍信息.仿真研究与在室内复杂环境下的实际运行结果验证了该方法的有效性.