地表条件对坡面产流的影响

本文将复杂地表条件对坡面流运动的影响概化为阻力的变化,运用运动波理论和修正的Green-Ampt入渗模型,建立了能够反映地表条件影响的坡面降雨入渗产流模型,数值结果与实验符合较好,运用该模型分析了植被、地形、坡长、坡度等地表条件对坡面产流过程的影响.

Three-Dimensional Network Model And Its Parameter Calibration

A material model, whose framework is parallel spring-bundles oriented in 3-D space, is proposed. Based on a discussion of the discrete schemes and optimum discretization of the solid angles, a 3-D network cell consisted of one-dimensional components is developed with its geometrical and physical parameters calibrated. It is proved that the 3-D network model is able to exactly simulate materials with arbitrary Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/2, breaking through the limit that the previous models in the literature are only suitable for materials with Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/3. A simplified model is also proposed to realize high computation accuracy within low computation cost. Examples demonstrate that the 3-D network model has particular superiority in the simulation of short-fiber reinforced composites.

A Crack Perpendicular to the Bimaterial Interface in Finite Solid

The dislocation simulation method is used in this paper to derive the basic equations for a crack perpendicular to the bimaterial interface in a finite solid. The complete solutions to the problem, including the T stress and the stress intensity factors are obtained. The stress field characteristics are investigated in detail. It is found that when the crack is within a weaker material, the stress intensity factor is smaller than that in a homogeneous material and it decreases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. When the crack is within a stiffer material, the stress intensity factor is larger than that in a homogeneous material and it increases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. In both cases, the stress intensity factor will increase when the ratio of the size of a sample to the crack length decreases. A comparison of stress intensity factors between a finite problem and an infinite problem has been given also. The stress distribution ahead of the crack tip, which is near the interface, is shown in details and the T stress effect is considered.

环形激波和爆轰波会聚过程的气体动力学特性

首先应用修正的激波CCW关系式分析了激波和爆轰波会聚过程及其化学反应的影响, 得到了初始Mach数相同条件下激波聚焦效果比爆轰波强的定性结论. 然后求解Euler方程和基元化学反应模型对环形激波和爆轰波的会聚过程进行了数值模拟, 分析了会聚过程的气体动力学特性、波系结构的差异及其产生原因. 通过对波绕射、会聚和聚焦点附近状态参数变化的对比分析, 揭示了爆轰波化学反应在绕射和会聚不同阶段所起的作用, 验证了理论分析结果.

Deflections and Curvatures of a Film–Substrate Structure with the Presence of Gradient Stress in MEMS Applications

The close form solutions of deflections and curvatures for a film–substrate composite structure with the presence of gradient stress are derived. With the definition of more precise kinematic assumption, the effect of axial loading due to residual gradient stress is incorporated in the governing equation. The curvature of film–substrate with the presence of gradient stress is shown to be nonuniform when the axial loading is nonzero. When the axial loading is zero, the curvature expressions of some structures derived in this paper recover the previous ones which assume the uniform curvature. Because residual gradient stress results in both moment and axial loading inside the film–substrate composite structure, measuring both the deflection and curvature is proposed as a safe way to uniquely determine the residual stress state inside a film–substrate composite structure with the presence of gradient stress.

岩石破裂过程的数值模拟研究

考虑不同粒度组成和缺陷分布的岩石，对其裂纹扩展、演化过程的影响，建立数学模型，应用RFPA~2D程序分析了均质度对岩石类脆性材料在外载作用下的裂纹扩展、演化过程的影响，和相关的实验结果进行对比，指出了均质对材料破坏过程的决定性影响。

障碍物扰动对预混气点火的影响

在一根半开口管道中,以乙炔为燃料,改变当量比和进气速度,实验研究了障碍物扰动对预混气点火的影响.实验表明,在小当量比情况下,在没有障碍物的光管中,随着进气速度的增加,点火所需要的当量比逐渐减小,回火区域逐渐增大.而添加障碍物后,回火区域的位置和点火所需要的当量比相对来说比较稳定,基本不随进气速度的增加而大幅度变化.并且由于障碍物引起的扰动使得点火所需要的当量比要比无障碍物时大得多.

Oxyhydrogen combustion and detonation driven shock tube

The performance of combustion driver ignited by multi-spark plugs distributed along axial direction has been analysed and tested. An improved ignition method with three circumferential equidistributed ignitors at main diaphragm has been presented, by which the produced incident shock waves have higher repeatability, and better steadiness in the pressure, temperature and velocity fields of flow behind the incident shock, and thus meets the requirements of aerodynamic experiment. The attachment of a damping section at the end of the driver can eliminate the high reflection pressure produced by detonation wave, and the backward detonation driver can be employed to generate high enthalpy and high density test flow. The incident shock wave produced by this method is well repeated and with weak attenuation. The reflection wave caused by the contracted section at the main diaphragm will weaken the unfavorable effect of rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave, which indicates that the forward detonation driver can be applied in the practice. For incident shock wave of identical strength, the initial pressure of the forward detonation driver is about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of backward detonation.

航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法

提出了航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法，阐明了它与通常的紧密编队飞行的区别及其在应用上的前景。采用了一个比Hill解更为广泛的新公式来设计稀疏编队，并列举了若干稀疏编队的阵形。当各航天器距离很近时，该公式自然退化为与Hill解相同的形式。通过与Hill解的设计相比较，表明了新公式用于稀疏编队设计的优越性。

Laser-surface-alloyed carbon nanotubes reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coatings

Carbon-nanotube sCNTd-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coatings have been fabricated by laser surface alloying. Microstructural observation using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that a large amount of CNTs remained with their or

Wave-soil-pipe coupling effect on submarine pipeline on-bottom stability

Wave-soil-pipe coupling effect on the untrenched pipeline stability on sands is for the first time investigated experimentally. Tests are conducted in the U-shaped water tunnel, which generates an oscillatory how, simulating the water particle movements with periodically changing direction under the wave action. Characteristic times and phases during the instability process are revealed. Linear relationship between Froude number and non-dimensional pipe weight is obtained. Effects of initial embedment and loading history are observed. Test results between the wavesoil-pipe interaction and pipe-soil interaction under cyclic mechanical loading are compared. The mechanism is briefly discussed. For applying in the practical design, more extensive and systematic investigations are needed.

爆炸挤淤筑堤的填料问题

通常设计堤心石要求重量为10~100kg，当抛填石料达不到设计要求时，可采用爆炸处理进行施工。本文从爆炸作用机理分析入手，介绍一个抛填料最大含泥砂量达60%的工程实例。

Determination of Proper Processing Conditions of Material Surface Heat Treatment Through Finite Element Method

A two-dimensional model has been developed based on the experimental results of stainless steel remelting with the laminar plasma technology to investigate the transient thermo-physical characteristics of the melt pool liquids. The influence of the temperature field, temperature gradient, solidification rate and cooling rate on the processing conditions has been investigated numerically. Not only have the appropriate processing conditions been determined according to the calculations, but also they have been predicted with a criterion established based on the concept of equivalent temperature area density (ETAD) that is actually a function of the processing parameters and material properties. The comparison between the resulting conditions shows that the ETAD method can better predict the optimum condition.

高频振动影响下双层Marangoni-Bénard对流稳定性研究

对高频振动影响下双层Marangoni-Bénard对流进行了线性稳定性理论分析,发现了高频振动对于Marangoni-Bénard对流不稳定性特征的双重影响,并分析了硅油与氟液(FC70)典型双层流体实验系统的不稳定性,其结果显示在一定振动运动或残余重力场下的两层流系统具有更复杂的不稳定现象.

Preparation And Tribology Studies of Alkyl Carboxylic Acid Monolayer Films on Pei-Coated Glass Substrate

首次在涂敷PEI的玻璃表面上制备了癸酸及全氟癸酸的单分子层膜。研究了成膜机理及摩擦特性。结果表明。脱水剂DCCD促进了癸酸或全氟癸酸与PEI酞胺化的反应。导致两种羧酸在PEI表面产生了靠化学键（酞胺键）连接的稳定的单分子层膜,摩擦、磨损实验表明。单分子层有机膜的摩擦特性受膜的组成、表面能及有序性和堆积密度的重要影响。表面能越低,有序性和堆积密度越高。摩擦系数越低。与碳氢化合物相比。碳氟化合物形成的有序膜具有更高的强度和抗磨性能。