狗脊(Woodwardia japonica(L. f.)Sm)化学成分研究

从狗脊(Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.)中分离得到六个化合物，经解析，分别鉴定为：山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(I)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(II)、狗脊蕨酸 (III)、β-谷甾醇 (IV)、胡萝卜甙 (V)，β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6-O-正十六酰基)葡萄糖甙(VI)。MS-MS检测并鉴定化合物一个：β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6-O-正十五酰基)葡萄糖甙(VII)。以上化合物均系首次从该植物中获得，化合物VI、VII为新化合物。另有六个化合物，未能分离得到化合物单体，经解析，可以确定其中五个化合物的结构物，分别为：山柰素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(VIII-I)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(3,4-O-2乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-II)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(VIII-IV)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(3-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-V)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)鼠李糖甙(VIII-VI)。

Y chromosome evidence of earliest modern human settlement in East Asia and multiple origins of Tibetan and Japanese populations

Background: The phylogeography of the Y chromosome in Asia previously suggested that modern humans of African origin initially settled in mainland southern East Asia, and about 25,000 30,000 years ago, migrated northward, spreading throughout East Asia. H

Mitochondrial genome evidence reveals successful Late Paleolithic settlement on the Tibetan Plateau

Due to its numerous environmental extremes, the Tibetan Plateau -the world's highest plateau-is one of the most challenging areas of modern human settlement. Archaeological evidence dates the earliest settlement on the plateau to the Late Paleolithic, whi

What are the closest relatives of the hot-spring snakes (Colubridae, Thermophis), the relict species endemic to the Tibetan Plateau?

We conducted phylogenetic analyses to identify the closest related living relatives of the Xizang and Sichuan hot-spring snakes (T baileyi and T. zhaoermii) endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, using mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b, ND4) from eight specimen

Natural selection on EPAS1 (HIF2 alpha) associated with low hemoglobin concentration in Tibetan highlanders

By impairing both function and survival, the severe reduction in oxygen availability associated with high-altitude environments is likely to act as an agent of natural selection. We used genomic and candidate gene approaches to search for evidence of such genetic selection. First, a genome-wide allelic differentiation scan (GWADS) comparing indigenous highlanders of the Tibetan Plateau (3,200 3,500 m) with closely related lowland Han revealed a genome-wide significant divergence across eight SNPs located near EPAS1. This gene encodes the transcription factor HIF2 alpha, which stimulates production of red blood cells and thus increases the concentration of hemoglobin in blood. Second, in a separate cohort of Tibetans residing at 4,200 m, we identified 31 EPAS1 SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium that correlated significantly with hemoglobin concentration. The sex-adjusted hemoglobin concentration was, on average, 0.8 g/dL lower in the major allele homozygotes compared with the heterozygotes. These findings were replicated in a third cohort of Tibetans residing at 4,300 m. The alleles associating with lower hemoglobin concentrations were correlated with the signal from the GWADS study and were observed at greatly elevated frequencies in the Tibetan cohorts compared with the Han. High hemoglobin concentrations are a cardinal feature of chronic mountain sickness offering one plausible mechanism for selection. Alternatively, as EPAS1 is pleiotropic in its effects, selection may have operated on some other aspect of the phenotype. Whichever of these explanations is correct, the evidence for genetic selection at the EPAS1 locus from the GWADS study is supported by the replicated studies associating function with the allelic variants.

Study on Polymorphisms in the Blood Protein of Tibetan Mastiff

省科技厅基金，基金

Matrilineal Components and Genetic Relationship of Silkies from China and Japan

Silkie is a famous black-bone chicken breed with beautiful silky feather. The unique medical property of this chicken was recorded in Chinese traditional medicine dictionary about 700 years ago. In this study, we analyzed the mtDNA D-loop sequence variation of 26 Bairong Silkies from Fujian Province, China, together with 100 reported Silkie mtDNAs from China and Japan, and studied their matrilineal components and genetic relationship. A total of 21 haplotypes were detected, which could be assigned to six haplogroups (A-E, G). Among them, haplogroups D and G were exclusively presented in Japanese Silkies and Chinese Silkies, respectively. Chinese Silkies had higher frequency of lineages belonging to haplogroups A, B, and E, and lower frequency of haplogroup C than Japanese Silkies. For the four Chinese Silkie populations, most of samples of Taihe, Chengdu, and Hubei Silkies were grouped in haplogroups A, B, and C, whereas most of Bairong Silkies were grouped in haplogroup E. Five haplotypes were shared by Japanese and Chinese Silkies. The genetic diversity of each Silkie population varied, but the overall diversity of Chinese Silkies was similar to that of Japanese Silkies. Taken together, our results confirmed the genetic connection between Chinese and Japanese Silkies, but also clearly showed that the matrilineal genetic structures of Chinese and Japanese Silkies had some differences.